A systematic review and meta-analysis found that digital mammography did not improve health outcomes for women screened with the technology. The study analyzed 24 studies and found a small increase in cancer detection rates, but this was largely due to more detection of non-invasive DCIS and no significant difference in invasive cancer...
Researchers developed new microscopy approach to directly observe transcription factor proteins sliding along DNA and their binding mechanisms. The study reveals that these proteins frequently miss their target site, employing a 'hopping' mechanism to trade thorough scanning for speed.
A study analyzing US police-involved fatalities across racial/ethnic groups found large variation in fatal police violence rates across metropolitan areas, with Black people being on average 3.23 times more likely to be killed than White people.
Researchers at RIT developed MathDeck, an online search interface that allows anyone to easily create, edit, and lookup sophisticated math formulas. The math-aware search interface uses image processing and machine learning techniques to recognize formula images and hand-drawn symbols.
A recent expert review published in the Health Physics journal concludes that exposure to 5G wireless networks within current limits poses little or no risk of adverse health effects. The Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR) estimates the likelihood of unknown health hazards at these levels to be very low, if they exist at all.
A new self-powered alarm system detects forest fires by harvesting energy from moving tree branches, reducing the need for maintenance and increasing efficiency. The MC-TENG technology converts mechanical energy into electricity, enabling continuous monitoring of fire and environmental conditions.
Researchers developed a smart lens that transmits light to correct optical aberrations, improving image quality in biological samples. The device can be easily installed on commercial microscopes, enabling advanced optical techniques like multiphoton microscopy.
Researchers found a seasonal bias in the sex ratio of brown-headed cowbird offspring, with more female hatchlings emerging in May and July. The study suggests that male and female cowbirds may have different developmental trajectories, influencing their survival and breeding success.
A team of researchers from Florida Atlantic University has developed an AI-powered COVID-19 knowledge base to better understand the spread of the virus. The knowledge base will be used to create a predictive tool that assesses an individual's risk level based on demographics, policies, and social behavior.
A review article by Brazilian researchers highlights the risks of short periods of inactivity on the cardiovascular system and recommends exercising at home during the pandemic. Exercise can help control blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and improve quality of life, even for high-risk groups.
Researchers found that consumers can identify different bitter compounds in beer, but this does not influence their liking for the beverage. The study suggests that beer drinkers prefer a general bitterness rather than specific bitter qualities, which may help breweries with quality assurance.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased demand for plastics in medical equipment and PPE production. Companies have pivoted to meet this demand, while also adapting their procedures to ensure worker safety.
Researchers at KIST developed a flame-retardant carbon fiber-reinforced composite material using plant-originated tannic acid. The new method allows for the recovery of over 99% of the composite material through dissolution in water, eliminating toxic substances generated during recycling.
A new study found that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients can spread the virus to their surroundings, contaminating surfaces and air, making family members and healthcare workers at risk. Environmental cleaning is crucial in these situations.
Scientists have discovered four new genera and four new species of giant single-celled xenophyophores in the Pacific Ocean. The newly described species provide insights into the ecology and importance of these organisms in deep-sea ecosystems, which could be impacted by seafloor mining.
A new colloid recipe reduces debinding and sintering time for glass and ceramic 3D printing, allowing for faster production of complex structures. This breakthrough enables the creation of parts with accurate geometries, weight reduction, and increased strength.
Researchers found that moon jellyfish contain essential fatty acids like arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, vital for predator growth and reproduction. This suggests that despite low caloric value, jellyfish can be an attractive prey item for predators through sheer quantity.
A new study found that regions with early interest in face masks had milder COVID-19 epidemics, with correlations seen in Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Taiwan. The use of face masks was linked to lower infection rates, suggesting its potential role in slowing the spread of the virus.
The global pandemic could significantly increase the global burden of tuberculosis due to disruptions to health services and delays in diagnosis and treatment. Researchers predict up to 110,000 additional TB deaths over five years, with 6,000 in China, 95,000 in India, and 13,000 in South Africa.
Astronomers using TESS and Spitzer data report the discovery of AU Mic b, a Neptune-like planet that orbits its young star in under 10 days. The system offers a unique laboratory for studying planetary atmospheres and interactions with stars.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology elucidate the underlying cause behind different critical transition temperatures reported for ultrathin iron selenide (FeSe) superconductors, finding the interface between FeSe and STO substrate essential for high-temperature superconductivity. The study reveals variability in Tc values du...
A new USC-led study demonstrates that the peptide humanin, found in mitochondria, is closely correlated with longer lives and better health in both animals and humans. Higher levels of humanin have been observed in organisms with lower risk for age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Scientists have discovered a planet about as large as Neptune that orbits the young star AU Mic in just over a week, providing valuable insights into planetary formation and evolution. The planet, named AU Mic b, was detected using data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and retired Spitzer Space Telescope.
A new study examines how mainstream media covers protests, finding that negative coverage is often more prevalent in anti-status quo events. The research suggests that journalists should focus on the substance of a protest rather than its violence or spectacle.
The US Army has made significant advancements in quantum networking research, which will play a crucial role in future battlefield operations. The researchers have developed a system that can send information quantum-mechanically between nodes without occupying the linking channel.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have developed a new method to measure squeezing in systems, allowing for more sensitive detection of signals. The technique, led by Professor Eva Weig, uses a simpler approach than existing methods and enables measurements in previously inaccessible systems.
Researchers identified mutations in the CNOT1 gene that affect brain development and impair memory and learning, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. The study also revealed interactions between CNOT1 and known autism spectrum disorder genes, paving the way for further research.
An international research team identified a temperature/time-dependent kinetic pathway with three distinctive transitions in the structural evolution from metastable crystalline ice (ice VII or ice VIII) to the thermodynamically stable ice I. The end result is a juxtaposition of these processes, where intermediate amorphous-ices compet...
A major study finds associations between air pollution, smoking, and built environment characteristics with increased childhood BMI. Exposure to maternal smoking, air pollutants PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, and densely populated areas were linked to higher childhood BMI.
A $20 toll for cars and taxis entering Manhattan's central business district could decrease gridlock by up to 40%, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 15%. The study found that this measure would lead to a significant reduction in air pollution, including particulate matter linked to poor health.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has found that dose escalation of hydroxyurea treatment is more effective and has similar side effects than a lower fixed dose for children with sickle cell anemia in Uganda. The findings have global implications and could impact use of hydroxyurea worldwide.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Plant Science found that crops' lower leaves are less efficient due to altered light conditions, not age. This 'Achilles' heel' can cause a 10% loss of potential canopy photosynthesis gain, highlighting the importance of optimizing light environments for improved crop yields.
Researchers used a structure-based approach to virtually screen antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2, identifying potential candidates for repurposed therapies and new vaccines. The study found high-affinity binding of several antiviral drugs to the spike protein and main protease, revealing promising leads for further research.
Researchers have discovered that LHCII trimer acts as a molecular machine responding to environmental conditions like temperature and acidity. This mechanism enables the protein to switch between efficient light collection and photoprotection, promoting energy dissipation when necessary.
Forensic investigators can now analyze fragile human remains without excessive handling, thanks to a new 3D printing technique. This approach allows for effective physical fit analysis and demonstrates the potential for improved evidence presentation in court.
A new study finds that chemicals can cause changes in cells to evade the immune system and build resistance to cancer drugs. The team identified specific combinations of mutations that create cancer cells, which could aid doctors in prescribing the most appropriate course of chemotherapy.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism implicated in familial hemiplegic migraine type 2, a debilitating condition affecting the central nervous system. The study found that genetic mutations cause malfunction of astrocytes in the cingulate cortex, leading to increased sensitivity to pain triggers and neuronal excitability.
Aalto University researchers have developed a nature-imitating coating that makes batteries more durable and efficient. The coating, produced using carbon dioxide in molecular layer deposition, can protect the actual electrode material and enable the use of new, more efficient materials like lithium.
A Swansea University research team has developed a new method for fast removal and detection of wastewater pollutants from everyday pharmaceuticals. The single process uses QuEChERS with mass spectrometric detection to detect, extract and quantify pharmaceutical compounds and personal care products.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of food safety and biosecurity in preventing the spread of the virus. Initial epidemiological studies suggest that bats may be natural reservoir hosts of Coronavirus, and hunting for bushmeat can increase the risk of transmission.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have found a potential new combination therapy for breast cancer that integrates use of the body's immune system with targeted treatment for a particular protein called FIP200. This study provides data that could eventually lead to a new breast cancer therapy.
James Tour, a Rice University chemist, has won the Royal Society of Chemistry Centenary Prize for his groundbreaking work in materials chemistry with applications in medicine and nanotechnology. The award recognizes his research group's contributions over 32 years.
Exposure to wildfire smoke affects the body's respiratory and cardiovascular systems almost immediately, according to a UBC study. The researchers found that even within one hour of exposure, ambulance dispatches related to respiratory and cardiovascular conditions increased.
Scientists have discovered a common TP53-R337H variant among people of Brazilian descent that increases cancer risk when combined with an inherited XAF1 mutation. The study found individuals with both mutations are at a greater risk of cancer, highlighting the importance of genetic screening and public health approaches.
A new study from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center finds that increased activity of the normal metabolic enzyme SHMT2 transforms normal B cells into B cell lymphomas. The enzyme binds to tumor suppressor proteins, turning them off and resulting in the development of lymphoma.
Scientists designed a functional ternary Pt/Re/SnO2/C catalyst, which exhibits more than ten times higher activity in the ethanol oxidation reaction compared to commercial platinum catalysts. The new catalyst features improved stability and is suitable for use as an anode material in direct ethanol fuel cells.
A new study from Binghamton University connects lipids and bacteria to aid in understanding eczema. Researchers found that decreased levels of ceramides can allow Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to penetrate the skin barrier, leading to inflammation and infection. Further research is needed to unlock the secrets of atopic dermatitis.
A global study found that cultivated economic plants are 18 times more likely to naturalize than non-cultivated species, with multiple uses being the most successful. Economic plants of Asian origin show the greatest naturalization success.
A recent randomized controlled trial found that landiolol hydrochloride administration reduced the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. However, this did not impact overall survival in patients with esophageal cancer.
Researchers found that females upregulate anti-inflammatory T cells to maintain lower blood pressures, which may lead to new hypertension treatment strategies for females. In contrast, males did not show a significant response to reduced Treg levels, suggesting their blood pressure is less dependent on this mechanism.
Research suggests the UK's COVID-19 track and trace system should identify around 36 close contacts for every infected person and detect fewer than 1 in 6 untraced cases. However, it also predicts that a significant proportion of infected individuals may not be identifiable due to shorter encounters.
Yale researchers identified four approved drugs that can suppress HIV reactivation and reduce damaging immune responses. These drugs, including ruxolitinib and mycophenolic acid, show promise as a complement to antiretroviral therapy in treating HIV infection.
Research by the University of Notre Dame found high concentrations of fluorine on firefighter PPE, including moisture barrier and outer shell. PFAS can contaminate thermal layer and skin, posing occupational health risk to firefighters.
A University of Cambridge team found striking differences in COVID-19 mortality between NHS trusts, with some patients in certain trusts over four times more likely to die than those in average trusts. The researchers are calling for urgent research to understand these differences and inform ICU optimization.
Scientists have synthesized brand-new transition metal carbonyl complexes, including Ta2(CO)12 and M(CO)7+, which transcend new chemical frontiers. These substances go beyond current compound limits, offering new possibilities for practical use and basic science research.
NYU Dentistry's Bridging the Gap program aims to expand dental workforce with skills and commitment to patients with disabilities. The five-year grant will integrate training into NYU's Advanced Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry, creating new curricula for general dentists and dental hygienists.
The CURE Drug Repurposing Collaboratory aims to accelerate the identification of potentially effective drugs for patients with unmet treatment options. The initiative uses data collected through the FDA-NCATS CURE ID platform to identify existing drugs that demonstrate possible treatment approaches.
Researchers developed tailored polyimide membranes to efficiently separate H2S and CO2 from sour gas. By adjusting the ratio of building blocks, they achieved balanced separation efficiency for both gases.
A new study from the University of Turku found that prenatal stress is associated with changes in infant gut microbiota composition, specifically with increased abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased abundances of Akkermansia. The study also discovered a link between low cortisol concentrations and increased Lactobacillus bacteria ...
UC Davis Health researchers outline three potential mechanisms of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus, emphasizing the importance of understanding timing and infection routes. Intrapartum or early postnatal infection can occur through exposure to infected maternal blood or secretions.