A study from the University of Illinois found that reducing speed limits in São Paulo, Brazil, dramatically reduced fatal accidents and increased travel times only minimally. The policy resulted in an estimated 1,889 averted accidents and 104 averted fatalities, with 86% of benefits going to low-income residents.
Researchers have created a new map revealing the Earth's mantle at a depth of 3,000 kilometers by analyzing thousands of seismic waves collected over 30 years. The map shows hot and dense regions below Hawaii and French Polynesia.
A new study suggests that disease outbreaks, civil unrest, and war can lead to large-scale movements of people. The researchers used theoretical modeling to show how small changes in individual decision-making can trigger significant population resettlement.
Research highlights the importance of soil biodiversity in achieving sustainability goals, including nutrient cycling, food production, and pollution remediation. Soil health is crucial for regulating climate and supporting human well-being, with traditional agricultural practices already leveraging its benefits.
Researchers at the University of Bath suggest that the shift to online consultations is helping patients with chronic pain access vital support during the pandemic. The study highlights the potential benefits of telemedicine in delivering services for patients suffering from conditions such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, and persistent he...
RCSI researchers have found a potential new way to promote blood clotting that could be used to treat the most common genetic bleeding disorder, Von Willebrand Disease. A modified molecule has been shown to extend the life of the clotting protein within the body's circulation, significantly increasing its half-life fivefold.
A team of Kyoto University researchers has discovered an intimate connection between methylation and the body's circadian rhythms, linking ancient mechanisms in bacteria to humans. Disruption of methylation can cause various pathologies, including cancer, and inhibiting it in mice and human cells disrupted their body clocks.
The study found that siblings of infants who died suddenly and unexpectedly are at a 10-fold increased risk of suffering a similar death, with rates nearly 4 times higher than the general population. Modifiable risk factors for SUDI include smoking, mental health issues, unsafe sleeping, and child abuse/neglect.
Researchers create microfluidic lab-on-a-chip that uses sound waves to manipulate and transport droplets, overcoming surface absorption issue. The device enables on-site diagnostics or laboratory research with minimal energy and complex setup.
A new analysis confirms SARS-CoV-2 RBD as a specific target for antibody tests, with over 95% of patients developing antibodies within nine days. This suggests that RBD-based antigens could be used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 recovery rates and inform pandemic policies.
The nickel-based catalyst precursor proved effective for in-situ conversion of asphaltenes, reducing the content of resins and asphaltenes. The catalyst also reduced viscosity by destroying carbon-heteroatom bonds and interacting with aromatic rings.
A new review reveals COVID-19 poses a global threat to the nervous system, causing neurological manifestations in about half of hospitalized patients. These symptoms include headaches, seizures, and muscle pain, and may appear before fever or cough.
A team led by Christos Papadimitriou proposes a new computational system, the Assembly Calculus, that encompasses operations on assemblies of neurons involved in cognitive processes. The system is consistent with recent experimental results and has been demonstrated to be plausibly realizable at the level of neurons and synapses.
A new AI-driven system called ModGraProDep has been developed to predict cancer survival and risk. This innovative tool uses probabilistic modeling and machine learning to provide personalized predictions for patients, enabling more effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers at MIT suggest that making pavements stiffer could improve truck fuel efficiency by reducing deflection and wear on the road. Adding synthetic fibers or adjusting aggregate sizing can increase stiffness, while switching to concrete pavements offers more durable solutions with equal or lower costs.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine honored three trainee investigators for their exceptional sleep research. Kent Werner, MD, PhD, received the top prize, while Michael R. Goldstein, PhD, and Samira Naime, MD, were awarded honorable mentions for their work on sleep disturbances and gender parity in medicine.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry shows that fish oil creates an antidepressant response when tested in patient-derived adult stem cell models. Researchers found that the treatment works through a different mechanism than prescription antidepressants.
A new study finds that sea otter recovery generates significant economic benefits, including increased tourism and carbon capture, which outweigh the losses to commercial fisheries by up to $46 million annually. However, the costs of recovery are not evenly distributed, with Indigenous communities experiencing disproportionate impacts.
A study published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry has identified coal-tar-sealant as the primary source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Great Lakes tributaries. The research highlights the need for further analysis to determine the potential effects of PAHs on aquatic life in these areas.
A recent study found that regular physical activity can help maintain or improve frailty in older adults. The research suggests that individuals who engage in low-to-moderate energy activities on a regular basis tend to be less physically, psychologically, and socially frail compared to those with lower levels of activity.
A new study in Scientific Reports reveals that medieval European plague victims were infected with both the plague and a disease related to syphilis, called yaws. This discovery challenges the prevailing theory that syphilis originated in the New World and instead suggests that yaws may have contributed to the outbreak in Europe.
Researchers at the University of Basel have developed a new communication protocol that offers ultimate privacy protection by adding artificial noise to information about the crypto key. This allows for security guarantees even in cases where devices are unknown entities, overcoming a significant obstacle to experimental implementation.
Researchers at ICFO have successfully built a new type of cavity for graphene plasmons, enabling the confinement of light in the smallest volume ever achieved. This breakthrough has promising implications for molecular and biological sensing technologies.
A new study using international radio telescope data reveals galaxies are nearer than predicted, exacerbating a discrepancy in the Hubble Constant measurement. This finding bolsters the need to revise the standard cosmological model of the Universe.
Researchers found microplastics in remote and protected areas of western US National Parks, highlighting the importance of reducing plastic pollution. Atmospheric transport plays a crucial role in distributing microplastics globally, with smaller particles traveling farther under dry conditions.
A new study from Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital found that three hours of weekly strength training combined with protein supplements can break the vicious circle of muscle loss in patients with cirrhosis. This leads to improved muscle strength, size, functional capacity, and quality of life.
Researchers create sugar-tagged drug compounds to target chemotherapy-resistant prostate cancer cells, exploiting the Warburg effect. The new compound shows improved efficiency in killing cancer cells compared to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs.
Researchers developed new engineering models that consider different sand grain shapes, leading to more accurate assessments of sand movement and impacts on coastal areas vulnerable to sea-level rise. The models, published in Scientific Reports, correct overestimation of transport rates by 35 percent for carbonate sands.
A new study reveals that eels can serve as a key indicator of freshwater biodiversity, and their protection could greatly contribute to the recovery of ecosystems. The research found that two species of eel were widely distributed in Japanese rivers, serving as umbrella, indicator, and flagship species for conservation.
Researchers have discovered a compound, tartrolon E, that effectively kills multiple parasites responsible for various infections, including malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. The compound is found in the gills of wood-eating clams and has shown promise in killing these parasites in vitro and in animal studies.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute found that a protein which helps fight viruses can later interfere with lung tissue repair. This could prolong lung damage and increase risk of subsequent bacterial infections.
Researchers at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center have uncovered an environmentally sensitive male sterile phenotype in flowering plants. The discovery of this genetic pathway's role in regulating pollen production could lead to improved seed production and crop yields.
Researchers found that Trinidadian guppies use a unique strategy to evade pike cichlid attacks by turning their irises black, drawing attention to their head rather than body. Larger guppies were better at escaping using this method, potentially due to increased size allowing them to reverse the negative effect of reduced agility.
Researchers developed a new model to study early human development using human embryonic stem cells, allowing them to observe the formation of the body plan and potentially reveal causes of birth defects and diseases. The model, called gastruloids, resembles an embryo at around 18-21 days old.
A new study published in the American Journal of Pathology reports that a single dose of visual chromophore 9-cis-retinal improves visual function in diabetic mice by reducing oxidative stress and cell death. This treatment may represent a potential therapy for early diabetic retinopathy.
Researchers from EPFL have solved the high-resolution structure of an activated form of a dopamine receptor in a native lipid membrane environment. By combining computational allosteric and de novo protein design approaches, they created a highly stable but activated receptor whose structure could be studied and solved.
Researchers at EMBL Rome reveal that protein glycosylation plays a central role in DNA methylation, inducing gene silencing by modifying regulatory factors. This breakthrough sheds light on the mechanism behind the most studied epigenetic modification.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals that plastic objects found in the deep sea, such as a plastic bag and curd box, show no signs of degradation after 25 years. The findings indicate that microbial communities on plastic surfaces differ from those in surrounding sediments, suggesting a potential impact on marine ecosystems.
Researchers have developed a new non-invasive ultrasound method that compensates for distortions in soft tissue structure, providing ideal resolution and contrast optimized for each pixel. This approach has applications in biomedical diagnosis, optical microscopy, and industrial material inspection.
SourceCNRS·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 11, 2020
A study found that older adults who engage in light physical activity and spread it throughout the day have a lower risk of developing major mobility disability. The researchers recommend building strength and balance first, then increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity, and finally adding light activity.
The UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology has developed the free Environmental Planner tool (E-Planner) to help farmers make informed decisions on agri-environment options. The tool assesses suitability of unproductive land for four interventions, including pollinator habitats and woodland creation.
The authors argue that the resurgence of racism and far-right ideologies is not driven by popular demand, but rather a top-down process legitimized by elite behaviors. They suggest that real concerns and radical alternatives can help build egalitarian futures.
Using data from NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, scientists at Durham University measured the rates at which neutron particles leaked out from Venus and Mercury. The findings suggest a neutron lifetime of 13 minutes, with implications for our understanding of the Standard Model of particle physics.
A new study shows that the collapse of terrestrial ecosystems during the Permian-Triassic extinction, also known as the Great Dying, directly disrupted ocean chemistry. This finding highlights the importance of understanding inter-connectedness of ecosystems in the face of environmental challenges.
Researchers have developed an underwater wireless system that supports internet services using visible light signals, allowing for faster and more reliable data transmission. The Aqua-Fi prototype demonstrated a maximum data transfer speed of 2.11 megabytes per second and an average delay of 1.00 millisecond.
A new treatment combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy has been shown to improve overall survival by 20.4 months in patients with inoperable malignant pleural mesothelioma, exceeding the expected survival time of 12 months with chemotherapy alone.
Researchers at Lehigh University developed a new phase-locking technique to achieve record-high output power for terahertz lasers, resulting in the highest radiative efficiency for any single-wavelength semiconductor quantum cascade laser. The breakthrough enables higher intensity and brightness, paving the way for applications in iden...
A new MIT study examines 26 types of businesses, measuring their economic importance and risk. Banks perform the best in terms of economic impact and relatively low crowding, while liquor and tobacco stores rank poorly due to high crowds and limited economic importance.
Researchers from ITMO University have proposed a new data encoding method for the 6G standard using terahertz pulses. The method involves extending the pulse in time to increase its duration and achieve interference between two chirped pulses, enabling faster data transfer.
Researchers find that mountain height is determined by the balance of forces in the Earth's crust, rather than erosion. This new understanding opens up opportunities to study the long-term development and growth of mountains.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in varying outcomes across countries with different income levels, with lower-income nations facing more severe economic and mental health consequences. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities.
The COVID-19 pandemic is worsening existing drug shortages in the US, particularly for cancer treatments and critical care medications. Experts recommend improved communication and sharing mechanisms among hospitals and healthcare providers to address these shortages.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University found that displaying fraudulent reviews alongside nonfraudulent ones increases consumer trust in review platforms. Consumers tend to trust information from platforms that display suspicious reviews, especially when they are uncertain about product quality.
Researchers discovered ancient crocodile footprints with evidence of bipedalism, similar to that of dinosaurs. The discovery suggests that these prehistoric creatures may have walked upright on their hind legs.
Researchers found that many plant pathogens can specialise on particular temperatures or host plants, but also have wide temperature or host ranges. This study provides key insights into the co-evolution between pathogens and their hosts, allowing scientists to better understand where and when pathogens could strike next.
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology create unique micro-springs from natural polysaccharide fibers with self-assembling twisted microstructures. The sacran fiber behaves like a mechanical spring under humid conditions, enabling fast bending and stretching responses to changes in humidity.
A new study has announced the discovery of well-preserved 110-120-million-year-old footprints belonging to a large bipedal ancestor of modern-day crocodiles from South Korea's Jinju Formation. The tracks suggest that these ancient animals were 3-4 meters long and walked on two legs.
The red palm weevil has been confirmed on Socotra Island, Yemen, putting the livelihoods of residents at risk due to its devastating impact on date crops. The pest is considered one of the most problematic pests of date palms in the world, with potential economic losses estimated to range from $5.18 to $25.92 million.
Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new method for making metasurfaces, which can control light and create ultra-thin camera lenses. This breakthrough could lead to significant improvements in optical technology, including portable electronics, sensors, and space satellites.
A mathematical model reveals that territorial behaviors can dampen disease prevalence, but at the cost of increased disease persistence. This study suggests that indirect communication could play a more important role in disease transmission than previously thought.
Researchers used EEG to measure brain waves in sheep sedated with high doses of ketamine, finding a temporary halt in brain activity that corresponded to human users' reports of disconnection from their body. The study aims to better understand the effect of therapeutic drugs on the brains of people living with Huntington's disease.
A recent study estimates that over 237 million medication errors occur annually in England, resulting in significant financial and human costs. The majority of these errors are minor, but some can have serious consequences, such as hospital admissions and deaths.
Researchers discovered large well-preserved footprints of a new species of crocodylomorph, which are ancestors of modern-day crocodiles. The tracks are more than twice as large as previously found batrachopodid tracks and indicate that the animals walked on two legs.
A new deep-water dogfish shark, Squalus shiraii, has been discovered in the tropical waters of Southern Japan. The species boasts distinctive features, including a tall first dorsal fin and caudal fin with broad white margins.
Researchers at Utah State University found that more than 1000 tons of microplastics are deposited onto protected lands in the western US each year, equivalent to over 123 million plastic water bottles. The study's findings highlight the source, transport, and fate of plastics on Earth surfaces.
A recent study found that consuming calories later in the day can worsen glucose tolerance and reduce fat burned. The effects were more pronounced in people with obesity or diabetes, who already have compromised metabolism.
Researchers have found evidence of a major 'stirring up' in the mantle layer around 3.2 billion years ago, indicating the start of global plate tectonic activity. This discovery has implications for our understanding of the evolution of life on Earth and the formation of mineral and energy resources.
Researchers developed an artificial molecular pump to install rings onto polymer strings, enabling precise control over ring threading and opening up new possibilities for scratch-resistant coatings and actuators. Polyrotaxanes show promise in soft materials and can be fine-tuned by accurately defining the polymer's structure.
Researchers from Radboud University Medical Center found that norepinephrine suppresses the function of white blood cells, impairing the body's ability to combat infections. The study suggests that alternative antihypotensive agents like vasopressin may be more effective in sepsis patients.
A study by Tohoku University's Research Institute of Electrical Communication reveals that visual stability across saccades occurs when parvo-pathway signals suppress magno-pathway signals immediately after a saccade. This finding has implications for AI and robots to perceive the world as humans do.
Research led by Brown University researchers suggests that past stressors sensitize people to future traumas, increasing their chances of developing a mental health disorder. The study found that individuals with multiple pre-disaster stressors were at a greater risk of developing post-disaster mental health disorders.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found a strong correlation between higher reading proficiency among third-grade students and lower homicide rates in Baltimore neighborhoods. The researchers discovered that for every 2% increase in reading proficiency, there was one fewer homicide per 100,000 people annually.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new method to kill breast cancer cells using light-activated molecules. By replacing a single oxygen atom with sulfur, the photosensitizers generate reactive oxygen species that destroy tumor cells.
Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age reduces body mass index by up to 1.53 kg/m2 in high-risk individuals. The World Health Organization's recommendation is reinforced, suggesting a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding may have the greatest benefits for obesity prevention.
A Rutgers-led study in Colombia used primary population data to assess surgical needs and identify gaps in care. The study found high out-of-pocket expenses leading to poverty and limited access to surgical services, highlighting the need for improved healthcare policies worldwide.
Data scientists create new statistical models and visualization software to understand COVID-19 pandemic. They integrate diverse factors like airline traffic patterns, socioeconomic data, and weather conditions into a single platform.
Research by the University of Sheffield reveals people with diabetes are at a greater risk of bone fractures, especially hip fractures. Severity and length of time living with the condition also increase this risk.
Researchers investigated potassium fertilization effects on pears in a long history of fertilizer use to establish critical levels. Higher K doses resulted in lower ethylene production and respiration rates, extending storage life.
A meta-analysis of 15 studies found that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer is linked to a 71% higher risk of recurrence or death compared to open surgery. The study's findings suggest that the benefits of minimally invasive procedures may not outweigh the risks for this specific type of cancer.
A review published in Neurology clarifies the different courses of multiple sclerosis (MS) and disease activity, aiming to improve patient care and clinical trial outcomes. The experts define four subtypes: clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing remitting MS, secondary progressive MS, and primary progressive MS.
A new study estimates that producing food to fuel walking and cycling leads to non-negligible greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers suggest reducing meat consumption and shifting towards plant-based diets can significantly lower these emissions, with potential reductions of up to 80%.
A Rutgers-driven proposal to create a 'microbial Noah's ark' is feasible and should move forward into a pilot project phase, according to a new study. The Microbiota Vault would gather beneficial germs from human populations with uncompromised microbiomes to address global health problems caused by modern society.
Research from Newcastle University reveals that aspirin can significantly reduce the risk of bowel cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. The study found that taking two aspirins a day for two years reduced colon cancer by half, with protection lasting over 10 years.
A study published in The Lancet found that aspirin reduces colorectal cancer risk by half in genetically predisposed individuals, with preventive efficacy lasting 10-20 years. The CAPP2 trial showed that daily aspirin doses of 600mg reduced cancer risk compared to placebo.
Ashion Analytics has been certified for the National Cancer Institute's MATCH program, offering a comprehensive genomic analysis of all possible cancer mutations in DNA and RNA. This allows for personalized treatment options and potentially life-changing outcomes.
A Penn State sociologist finds that opinions on non-political issues are increasingly aligned with ideology, forming a 'political oil spill' phenomenon. This division is growing broader and more complex, threatening compromise and agreement.
Scientists create super-powered natural killer cells by deleting an inhibitory gene, resulting in improved anti-tumor activity and persistence. The modified cells also exhibit enhanced metabolic reprogramming and energy utilization, leading to more effective cancer treatment.
Plant cells use mechanosensitive ion channels to sense cell swelling and induce programmed cell death. This regulatory mechanism protects the plant from damage. The discovery provides insight into how plants respond to mechanical signals, such as cell swelling, rather than chemical signals.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh discovered that synapse type shifts with age in unique patterns across different brain areas. This shift helps explain why genes cause synapse damage at set ages and in set brain areas.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified a population of neurons in the hypothalamus that controls hibernation-like behavior in mice. Stimulating these neurons induces torpor, while blocking their activity disrupts natural torpor, offering insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this state.
A team at Princeton University has detected signatures of a cascade of energy transitions in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, which could help explain how superconductivity arises in this material. The researchers found that the addition of each electron caused a jump in the amount of energy needed to add another one.
Researchers at UAB and SUNY-Buffalo found no retinal degeneration in mice with a K42E mutation of the DHDDS enzyme, but massive gliotic activation in their retinas. This challenges the conventional view of RP59 as a congenital disorder of glycosylation.
A recent study found that type III interferons can fight viral infection while limiting inflammatory damage, but also increase the risk of life-threatening bacterial superinfections in the lung. The researchers caution that these interferons may be more harmful than beneficial when given later in the course of COVID-19.
Researchers identified BCO2 gene as key driver of dichromatism in mosaic canaries, where males and females have strikingly different coloration. The findings provide insights into the evolution of sexually selected traits like dichromatism.
Six Purdue University researchers received $212,845 from the Trask Innovation Fund to support their patented innovations in life science and physical sciences. The funding will aid faculty and staff with commercialization efforts through the Purdue Research Foundation Office of Technology Commercialization.
A new study found that TV news reporting about racial achievement gaps led to exaggerated stereotypes of Black Americans as lacking education and increased implicit stereotyping of Black students. However, it did not affect explanations for achievement gaps or prioritization of inequality as a national issue.
A recent study at Nationwide Children's Hospital explores the intersection of parental history of suicidal behavior and emotion regulation in children aged 6-9. The research suggests that early intervention with emotion regulation strategies may decrease the likelihood of risk factors associated with future suicidal behaviors.
The use of cover crops is increasing globally due to their environmental benefits, such as reducing erosion and improving water quality. However, planting millions of acres of cover crops will require huge extensions of land to produce cover crop seed, posing a limitation to its widespread adoption.
Researchers analyzed climate factors like temperature, humidity, and latitude to estimate COVID-19 spread. The study found associations between these climate variables and the virus's transmission patterns.
Scientists have developed a new gene therapy approach that offers tremendous promise for treating an eye disease that leads to blindness. The collaborative team used a modified virus to deliver a normal functioning copy of the RP2 gene into 'mini retinas' containing the defective version, resulting in significant improvement.
Researchers have improved Wi-Fi network operation and performance for the 5G/6G ecosystem by applying machine learning techniques. A new algorithm, ε-sticky, is proposed to reduce service disruptions and network instability, benefiting both stations that have found a suitable access point and those that haven't.
Researchers found that the human brain minimizes cognitive capacity usage when reading, focusing on essential information. By analyzing brain activity, they developed a model to determine word informativeness and predict information gain.
A new study suggests that early treatment can help prevent permanent nerve damage and improve recovery in children with less severe forms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). German researchers recommend early screening for SMA using newborn screening programs to identify children who may benefit from earlier treatment.
Monash researchers have successfully applied 'magic angle' twistronics to control the flow of light in extreme ways. By stacking two thin sheets of molybdenum-trioxide and rotating one layer, they observed controllable light waves over a wide range of wavelengths, enabling robust light propagation in tightly focused beams.
A new project, ITAR, aims to design and develop novel radiotherapy machines for African hospitals, addressing acute shortages of radiotherapy machines. The project will define persistent shortfalls and develop solutions to increase capacity for treating cancer patients in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers developed a blood test that detects viral exposure signatures linked to liver cancer risk. The test showed high accuracy in distinguishing patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from those with chronic liver disease and healthy volunteers. It has the potential to improve liver cancer screening and early detection.
Researchers found that astrocytes in the brain can harbor HIV and spread it to immune cells that travel to other organs, even when treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. The study suggests that HIV reservoirs in the brain must be targeted for effective cure strategies.
A study found that an undergraduate service-learning course using music and filmmaking helped students connect with people with dementia, share unique stories, and process new experiences. The creative approach has the potential to humanize dementia and motivate a new generation of healthcare professionals.
Research by Cornell University found that electronic food vouchers, provided to Rohingya families through the United Nations' World Food Programme, allow for a greater range of nutritious foods. This led to improved height and weight gains among young children, as they were able to access more calorically and nutrient-dense foods.
A recent study found a major gender gap in COVID-19 research authorship, with women comprising only 34% of all authors and even fewer in senior positions. The disparity may be due to various factors such as limited time commitment, lack of access, or societal norms that favor men in leadership roles.
A new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that regular volunteer work among older adults (50+) significantly reduces mortality risk, improves sense of well-being, and boosts physical activity. However, volunteering did not show direct impact on chronic conditions such as diabetes or heart disease.
Scientists have discovered over 120,000 novel human genetic variations affecting immune response, disease susceptibility, and digestion in diverse worldwide populations. These variations were inherited from Denisovan ancestors and include medically-important genes that can affect treatment efficacy.
Researchers have developed a fast CRISPR system that reduces cleavage time from hours to seconds, allowing for high-resolution DNA repair studies and single allele-level genetic editing. The technique uses light-sensitive nucleotides to control Cas9's action, enabling precise control over the editing process.
A recent study has found that a strain of Lactobacilli bacteria from Sichuan pickles reduced Streptococcus mutans by 98.4%, which is commonly associated with tooth decay and cavities.
A new deep learning-based aging clock uses whole genome sequencing data from thousands of gut bacteria to predict human biological age. The study shows that the age of the host is a significant contributor to gut community dynamics, with microflora succession patterns associated with age progression.
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered that lung-resident killer T cells can recognize second viral infections without relying on dendritic cells, providing a new paradigm for vaccine development. This finding may lead to superior immunity against respiratory viruses.
Using human stem cell models, researchers identified deficits within cells damaged by glaucoma and found that correcting genetic mutations could slow disease progression. They also discovered dysfunction in autophagy, a process that removes damaged cells, which correlated with neurodegeneration.
Researchers discovered that twisting ultrathin layers of molybdenum trioxide enables diffraction-free light propagation in tightly focused channels over a wide range of wavelengths. This breakthrough has promising implications for leapfrog advancements in imaging, optical computing, and biosensing technologies.
The study found that COVID-19 will likely lead to a smaller, consolidated sector in the future, with full-service network carriers facing significant losses. Regional airlines may benefit from being able to adjust feeding capacity for larger carriers.
Researchers from WMG, University of Warwick assessed seven dashcam devices to identify artefacts that can be synthesised using tools such as native video players. The study found that digital forensics faces significant issues in managing and processing dashcam evidence.
Research highlights importance of microbiome in disease interactions, including how it strengthens resistance to pathogens and influences the spread of diseases like chytridiomycosis. Climate change can disrupt the balance of the microbiome, making organisms more susceptible to infection.
Patients with multiple family members suffering from severe mental disorders require more intensive treatment, but respond equally well as those without a family history. The study found that family mental health affects patients' lives beyond the disorder itself.
The new RBD-based antibody test can measure the levels of a unique piece of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, correlating with neutralizing antibodies that provide immunity. This test is highly specific for COVID-19 and can identify asymptomatic virus infections and measure immunity levels in individuals.
Scientists from University of Groningen discovered that nickelates' metal state can be tuned using strain and oxygen vacancies, leading to improved conductivity. This finding may help design electronics emulating neurons and developing cognitive computing devices.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine propose a novel mechanism that directs the immune response toward a cellular type, involving Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins. This mechanism may offer a valuable opportunity to design vaccines for more effective and durable cell-based immunity against viral diseases and cancers.
Researchers from University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center propose using multigroup, adaptively randomized trials to compare multiple COVID-19 interventions. This design may reduce adverse outcomes during trials and enable faster implementation of effective treatments.
Research from McMaster University suggests that high-intensity interval training can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in people with spinal cord injuries, matching the benefits of longer bouts of moderate intensity exercise. The study also found that HIIT is generally tolerable and poses few risks for this population.
A study published in Epilepsia journal found that 8% of individuals with a history of seizures report hallucinations, which are associated with a higher risk of mental health disorders and suicidal behavior. The study highlights the importance of assessing hallucinations in epilepsy clinics to identify high-risk patients.
Researchers found echoes from features deep inside Earth, revealing more widespread and heterogeneous structures at the core-mantle boundary. The study provided a new perspective on the geologic processes happening deep inside Earth, shedding light on plate tectonics and planet evolution.
A new study found fentanyl was the most prevalent drug in overdose patients at two Baltimore hospital emergency departments, detected in 73-87% of specimens. The Maryland Emergency Department Drug Surveillance System helped identify this trend, highlighting the need for hospitals to add fentanyl testing to their routine panels.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a perception system that considers visibility to improve object detection in self-driving cars. The method outperformed previous techniques, with improvements of up to 18.4% for buses and 16.7% for trailers.
A study presents clear opportunities to conserve what remains of Earth's ice-free land without significant human influence. The research aims to inform the upcoming global Convention on Biological Diversity and emphasizes the importance of maintaining natural lands in separating animal and human activity.
Researchers assess the stresses and health of Utah's natural rock arches by analyzing seismic vibrations, revealing the effects of erosion on their shapes. The studies provide valuable information on the mechanical properties of rocks and the dominant sculpting agents behind arch formation.
A new investigator-initiated clinical trial in metastatic breast cancer is underway at HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, testing a combination treatment regimen that targets the MYC oncoprotein. The study aims to find the right dosage for further studies and biomarkers to guide patient selection with improved precision.
Researchers found substandard products with inadequate alcohol concentrations are widely available, putting public health at risk. Experts recommend using proper hand sanitizing gels with high alcohol content and following correct usage instructions.
A University of Manchester study reveals that existing ships will dominate the sector's impact on climate change, and could even swallow up shipping's entire safe carbon budget. Retrofitting existing ships and implementing emission-reducing measures such as slower speeds and renewable technologies are key to reducing committed emissions.
A new Health Affairs blog post proposes a three-part strategy to address the impact of sustained psychological and moral distress on healthcare workers. The plan includes prevention measures, building behavioral health treatment capacity, and managing long-term effects, in an effort to prioritize both physical and mental health.
Researchers tested interferon treatment for COVID-19 and found that timing and duration of exposure may impact bacterial susceptibility. Studies in mice suggest that type III interferons can cause damage to lung epithelium, increasing the risk of lethal superinfections.
A study combining 15 observational studies with 9,500 patients compared the risk of cancer recurrence and death associated with minimally invasive versus open radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. The results showed no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups.
Scientists at Empa used 3D laser printing to produce materials with specific magnetic properties. By varying the size and lifetime of the melt pool, they were able to create alloy compositions with precise control over nitrogen content.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that COVID-19 patients commonly report gastrointestinal symptoms, with high rates of fecal viral shedding detected in stool samples. The study provides insight into the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
Researchers embed dopamine receptors in phospholipid membrane to study their structure and behavior. The findings could lead to the development of more precise drugs for treating conditions like Parkinson's disease and addiction.
A new study published in Frontiers in Psychology found that competitive esports athletes cope with stress similarly to high-performing sports athletes. Esports players with higher ranks tend to have higher levels of mental toughness, which can be beneficial for optimal performance.
A new study finds that sea otter recovery brings significant ecological and economic benefits, including healthier kelp forests, higher fish catches, and carbon storage. The long-term benefits are estimated to be worth over $53 million per year, potentially offsetting commercial losses of $7 million.
A bioethicist suggests that COVID-19 triage strategies should focus on saving lives rather than prioritizing life-years saved. This approach would give priority to patients with a better initial survival prognosis, regardless of subsequent life-years gained.
A recent analysis found that women comprise only a third of all COVID-19 research authors, with even fewer holding senior author positions. Lockdown measures may have exacerbated these disparities due to competing caregiving duties. The study emphasizes the need for gender equality in science to combat the pandemic effectively.
A new study in Nature reveals a process that allows molecules to guide scientists on how to modify them for better solar energy absorption and conversion. By mimicking the energy conversion systems found in nature, researchers aim to develop more abundant, scalable materials for solar energy technology.
A new project led by Kaitlin Gold aims to develop management strategies for grape downy mildew fungicide resistance in New York state. The team will test non-CAA fungicides and create extension materials for grape growers to mitigate the issue of emerging resistance.
Rice University researchers have demonstrated methods to optimize data-centric processing, improving energy efficiency by up to two orders of magnitude. Two complementary approaches, TIMELY and SmartExchange, were presented at ISCA 2020, leveraging innovative hardware architecture and co-designing with machine-learning algorithms.
Diagnostic ultrasound services have implemented several updates to prevent COVID-19 transmission to frontline providers. Segregated workflows and protocols ensure patient screening, staff isolation, and proper equipment handling to minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission.
Researchers developed a stretchable, environmentally friendly, and low-cost supercapacitor with high power density and fast charge-discharge rates. The new design uses nitrogen-doped graphene electrodes in an NaCl-based electrolyte, improving volumetric performance and reducing fabrication costs.
A multicenter study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that 65% of critically ill pediatric ICU patients did not receive physical or occupational therapy while hospitalized. This lack of care can lead to long-term physical and psychological problems in children.
Researchers at Aarhus University are hunting for unique enzymes that can break down polyethylene, a common type of plastic. They aim to develop polymer-destructive enzymes, which could revolutionize the field and provide a solution to plastic pollution.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered that a lack of mitochondria causes severe disease in children, including brain dysfunction and neurological impairment. The study, published in EMBO Molecular Medicine, suggests that inhibition of mitochondrial degradation may provide a new treatment strategy for affected patients.
Researchers found that animals' movement across their territories can lower the number of infected but increase disease persistence within populations. This finding challenges traditional views on disease transmission and highlights the importance of considering individual animals' movement in studies.
Isocyanides, key in pharmaceuticals and functional materials, are hampered by their foul odor. A new noncovalent bond blocks this odor, reducing air concentration by up to 50-fold.
A new study reveals that opposition to sexual and gender minority rights in the US is correlated with Christian and political conservatism. Participants who identified as Christians were more likely to support laws denying these groups equal rights.
A free web resource improved men's health behaviours, including eating habits and exercise, with 75% reporting changes in their diets and 70% engaging in sports. The study found significant positive changes among regular users of the site, even without access to fitness facilities.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute discovered that dopamine signaling plays a crucial role in coordinating distinct behavioral outputs in C. elegans, enabling the animals to disperse eggs efficiently across a nutrient-rich environment. By analyzing high-frame-rate videos of nematodes using a custom microscopy platform, the team ide...
A team of UGA scientists has successfully demonstrated that a set of drug-like small molecules can block the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 protein PLpro, providing a promising path for new COVID-19 therapeutics. The discovery offers a potential rapid development path to generating PLpro-targeted therapeutics for use against SARS-CoV-2.
A team of researchers has identified fibroblasts as the primary cells producing VEGF-C processing enzymes in zebrafish embryos. This discovery sheds light on lymphatic vessel development and may have implications for human diseases, including lymphoedema and cancer metastasis.
A recent study published in Nature Medicine found that healthy adults exhibit a wide range of metabolic responses to food, with inflammation triggered by eating varying up to ten-fold. This suggests personalized diets can help reduce inflammation and improve health.