Researchers developed an artificial molecular pump to install rings onto polymer strings, enabling precise control over ring threading and opening up new possibilities for scratch-resistant coatings and actuators. Polyrotaxanes show promise in soft materials and can be fine-tuned by accurately defining the polymer's structure.
Researchers from Radboud University Medical Center found that norepinephrine suppresses the function of white blood cells, impairing the body's ability to combat infections. The study suggests that alternative antihypotensive agents like vasopressin may be more effective in sepsis patients.
A study by Tohoku University's Research Institute of Electrical Communication reveals that visual stability across saccades occurs when parvo-pathway signals suppress magno-pathway signals immediately after a saccade. This finding has implications for AI and robots to perceive the world as humans do.
Research led by Brown University researchers suggests that past stressors sensitize people to future traumas, increasing their chances of developing a mental health disorder. The study found that individuals with multiple pre-disaster stressors were at a greater risk of developing post-disaster mental health disorders.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found a strong correlation between higher reading proficiency among third-grade students and lower homicide rates in Baltimore neighborhoods. The researchers discovered that for every 2% increase in reading proficiency, there was one fewer homicide per 100,000 people annually.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new method to kill breast cancer cells using light-activated molecules. By replacing a single oxygen atom with sulfur, the photosensitizers generate reactive oxygen species that destroy tumor cells.
Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age reduces body mass index by up to 1.53 kg/m2 in high-risk individuals. The World Health Organization's recommendation is reinforced, suggesting a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding may have the greatest benefits for obesity prevention.
A Rutgers-led study in Colombia used primary population data to assess surgical needs and identify gaps in care. The study found high out-of-pocket expenses leading to poverty and limited access to surgical services, highlighting the need for improved healthcare policies worldwide.
Data scientists create new statistical models and visualization software to understand COVID-19 pandemic. They integrate diverse factors like airline traffic patterns, socioeconomic data, and weather conditions into a single platform.
Research by the University of Sheffield reveals people with diabetes are at a greater risk of bone fractures, especially hip fractures. Severity and length of time living with the condition also increase this risk.
Researchers investigated potassium fertilization effects on pears in a long history of fertilizer use to establish critical levels. Higher K doses resulted in lower ethylene production and respiration rates, extending storage life.
A meta-analysis of 15 studies found that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer is linked to a 71% higher risk of recurrence or death compared to open surgery. The study's findings suggest that the benefits of minimally invasive procedures may not outweigh the risks for this specific type of cancer.
A review published in Neurology clarifies the different courses of multiple sclerosis (MS) and disease activity, aiming to improve patient care and clinical trial outcomes. The experts define four subtypes: clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing remitting MS, secondary progressive MS, and primary progressive MS.
A new study estimates that producing food to fuel walking and cycling leads to non-negligible greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers suggest reducing meat consumption and shifting towards plant-based diets can significantly lower these emissions, with potential reductions of up to 80%.
A Rutgers-driven proposal to create a 'microbial Noah's ark' is feasible and should move forward into a pilot project phase, according to a new study. The Microbiota Vault would gather beneficial germs from human populations with uncompromised microbiomes to address global health problems caused by modern society.
Research from Newcastle University reveals that aspirin can significantly reduce the risk of bowel cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. The study found that taking two aspirins a day for two years reduced colon cancer by half, with protection lasting over 10 years.
A study published in The Lancet found that aspirin reduces colorectal cancer risk by half in genetically predisposed individuals, with preventive efficacy lasting 10-20 years. The CAPP2 trial showed that daily aspirin doses of 600mg reduced cancer risk compared to placebo.
Ashion Analytics has been certified for the National Cancer Institute's MATCH program, offering a comprehensive genomic analysis of all possible cancer mutations in DNA and RNA. This allows for personalized treatment options and potentially life-changing outcomes.
A Penn State sociologist finds that opinions on non-political issues are increasingly aligned with ideology, forming a 'political oil spill' phenomenon. This division is growing broader and more complex, threatening compromise and agreement.
Scientists create super-powered natural killer cells by deleting an inhibitory gene, resulting in improved anti-tumor activity and persistence. The modified cells also exhibit enhanced metabolic reprogramming and energy utilization, leading to more effective cancer treatment.
Plant cells use mechanosensitive ion channels to sense cell swelling and induce programmed cell death. This regulatory mechanism protects the plant from damage. The discovery provides insight into how plants respond to mechanical signals, such as cell swelling, rather than chemical signals.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh discovered that synapse type shifts with age in unique patterns across different brain areas. This shift helps explain why genes cause synapse damage at set ages and in set brain areas.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified a population of neurons in the hypothalamus that controls hibernation-like behavior in mice. Stimulating these neurons induces torpor, while blocking their activity disrupts natural torpor, offering insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this state.
A team at Princeton University has detected signatures of a cascade of energy transitions in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, which could help explain how superconductivity arises in this material. The researchers found that the addition of each electron caused a jump in the amount of energy needed to add another one.
Researchers at UAB and SUNY-Buffalo found no retinal degeneration in mice with a K42E mutation of the DHDDS enzyme, but massive gliotic activation in their retinas. This challenges the conventional view of RP59 as a congenital disorder of glycosylation.
A recent study found that type III interferons can fight viral infection while limiting inflammatory damage, but also increase the risk of life-threatening bacterial superinfections in the lung. The researchers caution that these interferons may be more harmful than beneficial when given later in the course of COVID-19.
Researchers identified BCO2 gene as key driver of dichromatism in mosaic canaries, where males and females have strikingly different coloration. The findings provide insights into the evolution of sexually selected traits like dichromatism.
Six Purdue University researchers received $212,845 from the Trask Innovation Fund to support their patented innovations in life science and physical sciences. The funding will aid faculty and staff with commercialization efforts through the Purdue Research Foundation Office of Technology Commercialization.
A new study found that TV news reporting about racial achievement gaps led to exaggerated stereotypes of Black Americans as lacking education and increased implicit stereotyping of Black students. However, it did not affect explanations for achievement gaps or prioritization of inequality as a national issue.
A recent study at Nationwide Children's Hospital explores the intersection of parental history of suicidal behavior and emotion regulation in children aged 6-9. The research suggests that early intervention with emotion regulation strategies may decrease the likelihood of risk factors associated with future suicidal behaviors.
The use of cover crops is increasing globally due to their environmental benefits, such as reducing erosion and improving water quality. However, planting millions of acres of cover crops will require huge extensions of land to produce cover crop seed, posing a limitation to its widespread adoption.
Researchers analyzed climate factors like temperature, humidity, and latitude to estimate COVID-19 spread. The study found associations between these climate variables and the virus's transmission patterns.
Scientists have developed a new gene therapy approach that offers tremendous promise for treating an eye disease that leads to blindness. The collaborative team used a modified virus to deliver a normal functioning copy of the RP2 gene into 'mini retinas' containing the defective version, resulting in significant improvement.
Researchers have improved Wi-Fi network operation and performance for the 5G/6G ecosystem by applying machine learning techniques. A new algorithm, ε-sticky, is proposed to reduce service disruptions and network instability, benefiting both stations that have found a suitable access point and those that haven't.
Researchers found that the human brain minimizes cognitive capacity usage when reading, focusing on essential information. By analyzing brain activity, they developed a model to determine word informativeness and predict information gain.
A new study suggests that early treatment can help prevent permanent nerve damage and improve recovery in children with less severe forms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). German researchers recommend early screening for SMA using newborn screening programs to identify children who may benefit from earlier treatment.
Monash researchers have successfully applied 'magic angle' twistronics to control the flow of light in extreme ways. By stacking two thin sheets of molybdenum-trioxide and rotating one layer, they observed controllable light waves over a wide range of wavelengths, enabling robust light propagation in tightly focused beams.
A new project, ITAR, aims to design and develop novel radiotherapy machines for African hospitals, addressing acute shortages of radiotherapy machines. The project will define persistent shortfalls and develop solutions to increase capacity for treating cancer patients in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers developed a blood test that detects viral exposure signatures linked to liver cancer risk. The test showed high accuracy in distinguishing patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from those with chronic liver disease and healthy volunteers. It has the potential to improve liver cancer screening and early detection.
Researchers found that astrocytes in the brain can harbor HIV and spread it to immune cells that travel to other organs, even when treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. The study suggests that HIV reservoirs in the brain must be targeted for effective cure strategies.
A study found that an undergraduate service-learning course using music and filmmaking helped students connect with people with dementia, share unique stories, and process new experiences. The creative approach has the potential to humanize dementia and motivate a new generation of healthcare professionals.
Research by Cornell University found that electronic food vouchers, provided to Rohingya families through the United Nations' World Food Programme, allow for a greater range of nutritious foods. This led to improved height and weight gains among young children, as they were able to access more calorically and nutrient-dense foods.
A recent study found a major gender gap in COVID-19 research authorship, with women comprising only 34% of all authors and even fewer in senior positions. The disparity may be due to various factors such as limited time commitment, lack of access, or societal norms that favor men in leadership roles.
A new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that regular volunteer work among older adults (50+) significantly reduces mortality risk, improves sense of well-being, and boosts physical activity. However, volunteering did not show direct impact on chronic conditions such as diabetes or heart disease.
Scientists have discovered over 120,000 novel human genetic variations affecting immune response, disease susceptibility, and digestion in diverse worldwide populations. These variations were inherited from Denisovan ancestors and include medically-important genes that can affect treatment efficacy.
Researchers have developed a fast CRISPR system that reduces cleavage time from hours to seconds, allowing for high-resolution DNA repair studies and single allele-level genetic editing. The technique uses light-sensitive nucleotides to control Cas9's action, enabling precise control over the editing process.
A recent study has found that a strain of Lactobacilli bacteria from Sichuan pickles reduced Streptococcus mutans by 98.4%, which is commonly associated with tooth decay and cavities.
A new deep learning-based aging clock uses whole genome sequencing data from thousands of gut bacteria to predict human biological age. The study shows that the age of the host is a significant contributor to gut community dynamics, with microflora succession patterns associated with age progression.
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered that lung-resident killer T cells can recognize second viral infections without relying on dendritic cells, providing a new paradigm for vaccine development. This finding may lead to superior immunity against respiratory viruses.
Using human stem cell models, researchers identified deficits within cells damaged by glaucoma and found that correcting genetic mutations could slow disease progression. They also discovered dysfunction in autophagy, a process that removes damaged cells, which correlated with neurodegeneration.
Researchers discovered that twisting ultrathin layers of molybdenum trioxide enables diffraction-free light propagation in tightly focused channels over a wide range of wavelengths. This breakthrough has promising implications for leapfrog advancements in imaging, optical computing, and biosensing technologies.
The study found that COVID-19 will likely lead to a smaller, consolidated sector in the future, with full-service network carriers facing significant losses. Regional airlines may benefit from being able to adjust feeding capacity for larger carriers.
Researchers from WMG, University of Warwick assessed seven dashcam devices to identify artefacts that can be synthesised using tools such as native video players. The study found that digital forensics faces significant issues in managing and processing dashcam evidence.
Research highlights importance of microbiome in disease interactions, including how it strengthens resistance to pathogens and influences the spread of diseases like chytridiomycosis. Climate change can disrupt the balance of the microbiome, making organisms more susceptible to infection.
Patients with multiple family members suffering from severe mental disorders require more intensive treatment, but respond equally well as those without a family history. The study found that family mental health affects patients' lives beyond the disorder itself.
The new RBD-based antibody test can measure the levels of a unique piece of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, correlating with neutralizing antibodies that provide immunity. This test is highly specific for COVID-19 and can identify asymptomatic virus infections and measure immunity levels in individuals.
Scientists from University of Groningen discovered that nickelates' metal state can be tuned using strain and oxygen vacancies, leading to improved conductivity. This finding may help design electronics emulating neurons and developing cognitive computing devices.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine propose a novel mechanism that directs the immune response toward a cellular type, involving Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins. This mechanism may offer a valuable opportunity to design vaccines for more effective and durable cell-based immunity against viral diseases and cancers.
Researchers from University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center propose using multigroup, adaptively randomized trials to compare multiple COVID-19 interventions. This design may reduce adverse outcomes during trials and enable faster implementation of effective treatments.
Research from McMaster University suggests that high-intensity interval training can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in people with spinal cord injuries, matching the benefits of longer bouts of moderate intensity exercise. The study also found that HIIT is generally tolerable and poses few risks for this population.