Researchers developed a deep-learning algorithm to predict future market values of crops, which could help indebted farmers determine where and when to sell their crops. The system aims to maximize farmer profits, potentially leading to fewer suicides in India and worldwide.
The new E3SM model can capture complex climate-generating behavior with high resolution, simulating regional climate and built infrastructure. It will help predict how changes in climate and water cycling respond to increasing CO2.
A new tool, designed for both planning and operation phases, aims to optimize evacuation routes and supply logistics in near-real time. Researchers focus on noncombatant evacuation operations in the Republic of Korea, but it can be applied to various scenarios.
A team of researchers led by Dr. Matthew Knope found that ecologically diverse animal groups are more resistant to extinction and dominate the modern ocean's biodiversity. The study analyzed fossil and living marine animals over 500 million years, showing a link between diversity and resistance to mass extinctions.
A new study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that pregnant women with depression are more than 3 times more likely to use cannabis. The study, based on nationally representative data, also revealed that depression increases vulnerability to cannabis use even among those who perceive substantial risk.
Visceral fat generates high levels of interleukin-1 beta, over-activating microglia and promoting chronic inflammation. This leads to impaired cognitive function, including difficulties with navigation and learning and memory.
A research project at the University of Córdoba and San Luis University in Argentina successfully manufactured new lithium batteries from used cell phones. The team recovered graphite material, eliminating impurities and reorganizing its structure for new use, making up a quarter of the total weight of a lithium battery.
Researchers have used X-ray analysis to study lignin, a byproduct of paper production, and its potential as a sustainable raw material for manufacturing bioplastics. The study reveals that different lignin fractions can be engineered to have varying properties, such as hardness or softness, making them suitable for specific applications.
Only 19.8% of Americans have rapid access to endovascular thrombectomy for stroke treatment, highlighting a significant unmet need in stroke care. Researchers evaluated two strategies to optimize access and found that the bypassing model could improve access by 16.7%, making it an optimal solution for resource-strapped areas.
Researchers propose that rocks colliding inside a fault zone during an earthquake produce high-frequency vibrations, which could help explain puzzling seismic patterns and predict quake damage. The new explanation suggests smoother faults with rounded internal structures may produce less damaging quakes.
The pharmaceutical and health product industry spent approximately $3.8 billion on lobbying and campaign contributions in the US from 1999 to 2018. This observational study used federal- and state-level data to track the industry's spending over two decades.
A recent study found that disclaimers on some false news stories can make people more willing to believe other false stories. In contrast, placing 'Verified' tags on true stories eliminates the problem. The study's findings suggest a solution for social media platforms to improve their labeling systems.
A new study published in Cell Reports reveals that astrocytes in the brain change form after a balanced meal, triggering the feeling of satiety. The study found that this plasticity could be altered for obese subjects, potentially leading to new treatments for weight management.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology found that re-initiating oral food intake after enteral nutrition alters the composition of both oral and gut microbiota. This alteration was associated with improved balance and function in the microbiome, particularly in fatty acid metabolism.
A novel cause of fatty liver disease has been discovered in lean individuals undergoing immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Researchers report a case of a woman who experienced severe inflammation of her subcutaneous fat and developed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab.
A recent study on Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh found that 64% had significant physical disabilities, while caregivers reported providing over 13 hours of care per day. Another study in the UK found that migrant mothers were less likely to visit emergency departments with their children, but those who did had higher utilization rates.
Researchers at Cornell University are developing a portable imaging system that uses thermal and multispectral imaging to detect live and dead buds on grapevines. The system aims to increase profits and yields by guiding more efficient pruning practices.
Childhood malnutrition in India is concentrated in specific geographic areas, with districts in southern India providing better conditions for growth and improved nutritional status. Lower levels of maternal education and access to mass media are also correlated with childhood malnutrition.
A recent study by the CNIO reveals that rapamycin can worsen diseases associated with short telomeres, but may be beneficial in other cases. The researchers found that mice with short telomeres are more sensitive to nutrients and hyper-activated mTOR pathway.
A new study in PLOS Biology identifies a regulator of jellyfish egg release, shedding light on the evolution of complex hormonal control in animals. The discovery sheds insight into how oocytes transform into eggs and may hold clues for understanding the link between sexual reproduction and nutrition in animals.
A study of 754 participants found that specific gene variants on chromosomes 1 and 5 were associated with higher levels of tau protein in the brain. These variants were present in around 2-3% of the group, leading to about 10% higher tau levels than those without.
Research led by Andries Steyn found that Mtb bacteria induce increased hydrogen sulfide production in human macrophages, increasing pathogenesis and virulence. The study suggests that targeting hydrogen sulfide production may be useful for managing tuberculosis and other microbial infections.
Researchers have created a hybrid film combining cobalt and Buckminsterfullerene, boosting magnetic energy product five times at low temperatures. This breakthrough could lead to rare-earth-free magnets, mitigating environmental damage in renewable energy and consumer electronics.
A Columbia University expert argues for a more effective inter-governmental partnership in implementing the ACA, with states having significant policy and administrative discretion while adhering to strong national standards. This approach can achieve universal coverage without eliminating the private insurance system.
Researchers have discovered a new class of 2D materials called MXenes that can store enormous amounts of charge, similar to batteries. These materials can be charged or discharged within tens of seconds, making them ideal for rapid energy storage.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a promising molecular tool that targets and inhibits telomerase, an enzyme that enables cancer cells to live forever. The small molecule, called NU-1, irreversibly binds to telomerase, shutting down its activity and sensitizing cells to chemotherapies.
An international team of scientists has made a breakthrough discovery using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, revealing one-dimensional defects in two-dimensional zeolite nanosheets that improve filtration properties. The findings suggest enhanced separation and catalysis capabilities for molecules based on size and shape.
A study by SwRI found that US and French-furnished rooms reached flashover in 5-6 minutes, while the UK room took 22 minutes. The UK furniture had more fire-retardant protection and lower smoke toxicity.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have designed nanocarriers to effectively deliver chemotherapeutics specifically to cancer cells, while minimizing exposure of healthy tissue. The nanoparticles demonstrate potent anticancer activity with a substantial reduction in tumor volume and mass.
Distributional semantics provides radically empirical representations of words' meanings by processing thousands of texts. Research by Gemma Boleda highlights its potential to advance knowledge on how language works, including detecting changes in meaning over time.
Studies have shown that chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are more susceptible to salt-induced hypertension. A recent study published in Kidney International found a link between the immune system and salt sensitivity in CKD, with TNF-α triggering high blood pressure.
A new study found that partners with relationship anxiety before having a child are more likely to feel jealous of the baby. The research suggests that expectant parents should be aware of their relationship style before having their first baby, as this may help them deal with feelings more constructively.
Scientists at the University of Alberta found that prenatal fruit exposure enhances memory consolidation in infants, suggesting a nonpharmacological intervention to improve infant cognition. The study replicated previous findings in humans and fruit flies, offering valuable information for pregnant mothers.
Perturbation of gut microbiota by influenza virus promotes secondary bacterial superinfection in mice. Treatment with acetate corrects this sensitivity.
Preliminary research suggests that taking estradiol within 6 years of menopause onset can prevent or slow atherosclerosis progression by reducing cholesterol deposits in artery walls. In contrast, starting therapy 10 years after menopause did not yield similar benefits.
A new study estimates that Americans spent an estimated $380 billion on low back and neck pain in 2016, combined with other musculoskeletal disorders. This accounts for 14.1% of the total $2.7 trillion in healthcare spending that year.
Researchers in Brazil identified a gene expression profile associated with cachexia, a potentially fatal syndrome characterized by severe weight loss and muscle wasting. The study found that pancreatic, esophageal, colorectal, stomach, and head-and-neck cancers are most frequently linked to cachexia.
A Mayo Clinic study found that genetic variants on chromosomes 1 and 5 were linked to higher tau levels in older adults. Participants with these variants had about 10% higher tau levels than those without them. The research suggests that genes previously linked to Alzheimer's risk may not be associated with tau accumulation.
Primate immunodeficiency viruses have evolved to neutralize the human defense system by inactivating BST-2. The researchers identified a specific amino acid sequence in Vpu protein that enables this adaptation, allowing the virus to survive in a hostile environment.
Researchers used 3D imaging to analyze the shape of apes' inner ears, revealing features that support the evolution of hominoids. The study suggests that these structures hold clues to our species' evolutionary relationships with extinct ape species.
Researchers at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin have developed new painkillers that target tissue acidity to reduce the risk of addiction. By fine-tuning the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of opioid molecules, these new drugs can selectively activate opioid receptors in injured tissue, preventing severe side effects.
Tasmania's ancient King Billy pine trees are at risk due to increasing wildfires and dry conditions. The study found that fire refugia are breaching, making it unlikely for the species to recover.
Researchers from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have developed virtualized acoustic metamaterials that can be tuned flexibly using software programs. This technology enables a range of applications including broadband stealth, active sound absorption, super-resolution imaging, and beyond.
Cancer cells exploit a protein to break through tissue boundaries, increasing motility and invasiveness.
A study by the Environmental Working Group found that all 26 reviewed PFAS chemicals exhibit at least one carcinogenic characteristic. Exposure to these chemicals increases the risk of cancer and other serious health concerns, including reproductive harms and reduced vaccine effectiveness.
A recent study found that artificial sweeteners like sucralose can negatively impact insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism when consumed with carbohydrates. The researchers believe this is due to the gut generating inaccurate messages about calorie availability, which can lead to negative effects on brain function and body response.
The Toolkit for Selective Analysis and Reconstruction of Files (FileTSAR) is a comprehensive tool that allows forensic investigators to capture, analyze, and reconstruct files from network traffic. Developed by Purdue University experts, the tool has been licensed to over 100 law enforcement agencies worldwide.
Researchers developed a small molecule that can modify the coordination sphere of copper bound to amyloid-β, inhibiting its aggregation and toxicity. The study offers insights into chemically modifying neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
The study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of MicroPine, an atropine eye solution, in slowing myopic progression in children aged 3-12 years. Participants will receive MicroPine or a placebo for three years, with some receiving it for four years, and comprehensive eye care, glasses, and travel expenses covered.
The use of robots in neuroendovascular procedures could significantly change acute stroke treatment. The advanced technology provides precise control over microcatheters and microwires, reducing radiation exposure for surgeons.
Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a potassium metal battery that performs nearly as well as a lithium-ion battery, but relies on potassium for a more abundant and less expensive element. The battery solves the persistent problem of dendrites, which can cause short circuits and fires.
Researchers at the Gladstone Institutes report that reducing levels of tau protein prevents core autism symptoms, seizures, and other abnormalities in mouse models. The findings suggest promise as a potential treatment for some forms of autism.
A new study found that underwater mountains pulled into subduction zones can set the stage for powerful quakes and create conditions that end up dampening them. Researchers used a computer model to simulate the effects of seamounts on surrounding rock and sediment, finding that the brittle rock ahead of the seamount creates powerful ea...
A new framework for managing chronic pain in older adults emphasizes the importance of combining pharmacologic strategies with nondrug therapies. The 'start low, go slow' approach suggests beginning with low-risk, noninvasive options that involve patients in their own care, while judiciously using higher-risk treatments as needed.
A new technology developed at Northwestern University offers precise measurements of proteins down to their atoms, enabling better understanding of disease and the design of vaccines. This approach, called individual ion mass spectrometry, can determine the exact mass of a huge range of intact proteins.
A new tool for identifying frail patients has been successfully implemented in a large health system setting, reducing surgical risks. The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) uses clinical and patient-reported factors to generate a score representing each patient's level of frailty, enabling swift stratification and improved outcomes.
Researchers have developed an improved mobile phone app, QUiPP v2, to determine the risk of preterm birth in women. The app helps doctors identify women at high risk and offer timely interventions to prevent complications and improve survival rates for newborns.
Researchers discovered that the ratio of oxygen isotopes in ancient ocean rocks suggests a global ocean covered most of the planet's surface at that time. This finding could help scientists understand how single-cell organisms first emerged on Earth.
Adding travel history to patient evaluation could help identify risk for potential exposure to COVID-19. The authors argue that this simple measure can trigger more detailed history, appropriate testing, and rapid implementation of protective measures.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found that hospitals with better work environments have lower burnout rates among nurses and higher patient satisfaction. The researchers suggest that Magnet designation or similar initiatives can help improve these conditions.