A new study found that nearly one in five babies in Brazil were born 'small' and at increased risk of mortality. The researchers identified six 'small vulnerable newborn' phenotypes, which showed the highest mortality risk was 62 times greater than full-term babies.
In the NRG-LU001 clinical trial, adding metformin to concurrent chemoradiation did not improve one-year progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The study found nearly identical overall survival rates between the two groups.
This study analyzed data from 10 recent flu seasons to examine the rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and in-hospital deaths among different racial and ethnic groups. The findings highlight disparities in flu-related healthcare outcomes across various populations.
A study by UC Davis found that teens who have lived in poverty experience higher levels of cortisol, a hormone measuring stress. Boosting families out of poverty may protect them from later health problems, depression, and suicide risk.
The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) has initiated a Phase II/III clinical trial for the Bharat Biotech Chikungunya vaccine candidate BBV87, evaluating its safety and immunogenicity in healthy adults across five countries. The study aims to develop an affordable vaccine with the aim of achieving WHO prequalification.
Researchers from ETU LETI and Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations proposed a new-generation biochip for multiparametric express-testing using molecular recognition and direct fluorimetry. The device selectively detects cardiac markers without fluorescent labels, reducing background fluorescence to 30%.
Researchers at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research used extreme magnetic pulses to create large-scale spin patterns, potentially useful for terahertz frequency range electronic devices. The induced spin patterns are robust and stay 'arrested' for up to ten days.
In a breakthrough study, scientists found an 'unconventional' incommensurate spin-density wave order at the q = 2kF fundamental wavevector in YbAlO3 under finite magnetic fields. This mechanism is similar to Fermi surface nesting observed in metals and leads to multiple coherent scattering of fermions.
A US study published in Journal of Health Communication found that emphasizing individual health risks from COVID-19 leads to higher vaccine acceptance among participants. The researchers also discovered that loss framing was slightly more effective than positive gain framing, suggesting cultural and personal factors may play a role.
A new study from the University of Georgia found that college students who were physically active before starting university remained so, while those with low motivation to exercise gained significant weight. The researchers recommend teaching children the importance of exercise and healthy eating habits.
A study published in Autism Research investigated over 925,000 births in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, finding that delayed pregnancies by 2.5 to three years reduced the sibling's risk of autism diagnosis by up to nine percent
Stabilizing the NO signaling pathway has been achieved through the use of zinc complexes, which can bind to thionitrite and perthionitrite anions. This breakthrough reveals the importance of these intermediates in cellular communication, shedding light on their roles in vasodilation and cell protection.
The study found that cycling accidents account for 81% of sports-related traumatic spine injuries, followed by skiing and snowboarding accidents. The research highlights the importance of implementing safety measures to prevent these types of injuries.
A new study from the University of Surrey found that keeping car windows open while wearing a mask is best for reducing Covid-19 risk in cars. However, this approach also increases occupants' exposure to toxic air pollution particles. The optimal balance is running air conditioning on ambient mode with windows closed.
A research study is being conducted to understand muscle fatigue in older adults, with a focus on its effects on mobility and daily activities. The study aims to develop a new metric called fatigability to assess an individual's change in performance and perceived effort in response to standardized activity.
Scientists challenge existing thinking on opioid tolerance and respiratory depression, proposing a new balanced approach to developing safer analgesics. They found that arrestin-3 engagement limits tolerance development but does not exacerbate respiratory depression.
A global study found that patients with recent or current COVID-19 infection are at a higher risk of developing dangerous blood clots during surgery. The study also revealed that having a venous thromboembolism clot increases the risk of death within 30 days by five times.
Researchers developed a precise stopwatch to count single photons, enhancing imaging technologies like forest mapping and disease diagnosis. The new time lens technology improves photon timing resolution by orders of magnitude.
A preclinical study found that age-related decline in two sirtuin enzymes alters mitochondrial dynamics, weakening cardiac contractions in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Boosting SIRT1/SIRT3 levels may help protect against such injuries, potentially reducing heart attack complications and deaths.
Researchers from Binghamton University and Harvard Medical School are using computer modeling and advanced imaging to study brain folding and growth in fetuses. They hope to understand the underlying mechanism of how brains form and how early weeks affect later life.
A new Rutgers-led study finds that people who believe leisure activities are a waste of time tend to enjoy them less. The research suggests that attitudes towards leisure can impact its enjoyment and even mental health.
University of South Australia researchers create a computer vision system to detect premature babies' faces and vital signs from digital cameras, outperforming electrocardiogram machines. The technology has the potential to replace contact-based sensors, reducing skin tearing and infections.
A team of scientists used low-cost sensor networks to map pollution exposure in real-time during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption. The study provided highly granular estimates of human exposure to fine particulate matter and sulfur dioxide gas, enabling communities to make informed decisions about their health.
Researchers at the University of Queensland discovered that stingless bees produce a rare, healthy sugar called trehalulose, which is not found in other honey or as a major component in other food. Stingless bees convert sucrose to trehalulose and produce honey rich in trehalulose in their gut.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new method for detecting single DNA molecules directly from individual cells, eliminating the need for subsequent steps. The 3D-integrated nanopore allows for efficient delivery of released DNA molecules to the sensing zone, enabling robust detection and analysis.
Researchers found that nurse home visits for low-income mothers resulted in significant reductions in maternal and child mortality, including external causes of death and preventable causes. The study's findings support the benefits of Nurse-Family Partnership programs in improving pregnancy outcomes and child health.
A recent study found that telehealth medication abortions were safe and effective during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers examined data from patients who underwent telehealth abortion procedures and found that they had similar outcomes to in-person procedures.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy have been awarded a five-year, $14.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to continue leading and expand their research on HIV treatment and care in five Central African nations. The effo...
Researchers explored optimizing disease control in prisons using rapid tests, identifying the optimal strategy to minimize costs and reduce infection. The study found that switching between full and no testing depends on various parameters, including contagion rates and test sensitivity.
Scientists from KIT have investigated the behavior of iridium oxide catalysts under dynamic conditions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The study reveals highly unexpected structural modifications connected to a stabilization of the catalyst at high voltages, contributing to more efficient and sustainable green hydrogen production.
A study found that climate change and drought are shifting the range of infectious disease in forests suffering from white pine blister rust disease. The disease expanded its range into higher-elevation forests while contracting it in lower elevations, where conditions were too hot and dry.
Medically-supervised pediatric obesity treatment is associated with improved psychosocial health and reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. However, access to supervised weight management services is limited in the US, with fewer than 50 facilities available.
Researchers found increased capillary blood flow in mice brains during REM sleep, indicating a possible role of adenosine A2a receptors in brain refreshing. This unique state may be crucial for waste removal from the brain, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease development.
The robotic white cane system combines depth data with a 2D floor plan map to reduce pose estimation errors. It features a novel 'robotic roller tip' interface that allows for automatic mode-switching, making it easier for visually impaired users to navigate.
Researchers have discovered a room-temperature transition between 1D and 2D electrical conduction states in topological crystals of bismuth and iodine. The material's electronic behavior changes at a transition temperature around 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Researchers developed scale model structures that can predict storm damage to wood-frame buildings, using LiDAR technology to track damage progression. The study's findings suggest that elevated structures are more resilient to wave loading and surge forces than on-grade models.
Research team investigates urbanization's impact on farmland bird communities in Bangalore, India, finding that urbanization homogenizes bird species, eliminating insect-eating birds essential for pest control. The study highlights the importance of preserving biodiversity to maintain ecosystem resilience and food production systems.
Researchers have found that viruses like hepatitis B and C do not always kill infected cells, but instead cause long-term changes. These changes can affect genes related to cell division and metabolism, potentially contributing to increased risk of liver cancer in cured patients.
A new study suggests that existing drugs for multiple sclerosis may not be effective due to toxic blood leaks in the brain. Researchers have identified a promising alternative treatment option that could improve myelin repair, even in the presence of these harmful elements.
Researchers explored wind turbine dynamics under simultaneous wind and earthquake excitation, finding a coupling effect between aerodynamic damping and blade stiffness. This knowledge can guide seismic design of wind turbines and inform determination of wind-earthquake combinations.
Adolescents in the US showed stable overall drug use rates during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, but nicotine and prescription misuse increased, while alcohol use decreased. The study monitored 7,842 adolescents and found heightened stress, depression, and anxiety associated with youth substance abuse.
Scientists developed new imaging and machine-learning methods to discover water-use efficiency traits in crops. The approach identified key links between microscopic anatomy and physiological performance, revealing the genetic basis of variation in stomata patterning.
Referral guidelines for nephrology care are shifting towards identifying patients at higher risk of kidney failure. A study using Veterans Health Administration data found that referring patients with a two-year risk of kidney failure above 1% would identify those at highest median risk.
The $3 million grant aims to study the effect of climate change, globalization and infrastructure development on the Arctic region. The project will examine interactions among social systems, natural environment and built environment in Yamal, northern Russia.
Scientists have developed stable peptide mimics called peptoids to treat viruses and prevent infections. Peptoids, such as those tested against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1, could one day cure or prevent many kinds of infections, including COVID-19.
A new study found that individuals infected with COVID-19 are most contagious two days before and three days after developing symptoms. Asymptomatic primary cases were also more likely to transmit the virus to close contacts, but only if they were exposed shortly before or after symptom onset.
Anjana Bhat is studying the prevalence and relationship of motor problems in children with ASD. Her research aims to alter the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders definition of ASD by including motor impairments.
A new study found that an early warning system for sepsis improved patient outcomes by alerting healthcare providers to administer antibiotics sooner. The system, implemented in the emergency department, resulted in increased survival rates and reduced hospital stays for patients with sepsis.
Carnivorous animals lack key genes needed to detect and respond to infection, making them asymptomatic carriers of disease-causing pathogens. This can lead to the formation of undetected disease reservoirs that can mutate and become a risk to human health.
Research from the University of Florida found that COVID-19 vaccination significantly increases antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, providing passive immunity to newborns. The study suggests that vaccinated mothers can help protect their babies from COVID-19 illness.
New research from Portland State University suggests that Allosaurus, a large carnivorous dinosaur, acquired most of its calories by scavenging on sauropod carcasses. The study's agent-based model and morphological analysis support this hypothesis, challenging 150 years of established thought about Allosaurus' ecological role.
Researchers have helped fill gaps in the rhino evolutionary family tree by analyzing genomes of living and extinct species, finding that African and Eurasian lineages separated 16 million years ago and that low genetic diversity is a natural state for rhinoceroses, not a consequence of recent population declines
A new WVU study found that psychological capital, including self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency, can help employees cope with the stress of working during a pandemic. Workers who used adaptive coping strategies fared better, but those relying on maladaptive behaviors experienced higher levels of stress.
Student researchers at the University of Cincinnati developed artificial intelligence to train robots to work together to move a couch around obstacles and through a narrow door. The robots successfully completed the task 95% of the time in simulations, with nearly equal success without re-training.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation has identified an enzyme called secreted phospholipase A2 group IIA as a key mechanism driving COVID-19 severity. The enzyme is found to be associated with increased mortality rates, particularly when its levels are high, and could provide a new therapeutic target for reducing ...
Recent studies suggest that cosmic rays, originating from supernova remnants and pulsars, have a significant impact on galactic dynamics and star formation. The streaming instability triggered by cosmic rays in the interstellar medium can create plasma waves that heat and scatter gas, influencing the formation of planets and stars.
Researchers used glacial isostatic adjustment modeling to reconstruct the Antarctic Ice Sheet before the Last Glacial Maximum, revealing a thickened ice sheet that depressed the continent and generated high sea levels. The study aims to improve understanding of ice-sheet response to climate changes.
A new University of Michigan study analyzes 20 potential uses of captured carbon dioxide, ranking them by climate benefit. Only four pathways have a greater than 50% likelihood of generating a net climate benefit. The researchers found that using CCU to make products like concrete and chemicals could help reduce emissions.
Researchers have identified a potential advantage of weakened SARS-CoV-2 variants as immunogens, sparking interest in their use for live-attenuated vaccines. The variants, which emerge rapidly during cell culture propagation, show resistance to subsequent infection with both the parental strain and emerging variants.
A new gene ZFP541 has been discovered by researchers at Kumamoto University to control the completion of meiosis in spermatogenesis. The study found that ZFP541 plays an essential role in regulating meiosis and is expressed in late meiotic prophase, binding to regulatory regions of meiosis-related genes.