The NEOSTAR trial found that combination therapy produced significant clinical benefits, including higher major pathologic response rates and enhanced tumor immune cell infiltration. The treatment also triggered immunological memory, which may translate to a reduced risk of tumor relapse.
The European Union is funding a new vaccine research network, VACCELERATE, to coordinate clinical trials and promote knowledge exchange among 26 partner institutions. The network aims to build long-term herd immunity in Europe by testing vaccine efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2.
A new review highlights biological differences in prostate cancer development across ethnicities, identifying potential improvements for African American men. The study aims to reduce incidence and mortality rates by leveraging these differences.
A new international study suggests that the reversal of Earth's magnetic poles 42,000 years ago triggered major climate shifts, leading to global environmental change and mass extinctions. Researchers used ancient New Zealand kauri trees to create a detailed timescale of how Earth's atmosphere changed over this time.
A new method using smartphones offers precise means to gauge food consumption over time, capturing seasonal shifts in diet patterns. The approach has the potential to predict physical well-being and tackle food insecurity affecting two billion people worldwide.
A recent study has shed new light on the evolutionary history and genomic variation of tigers, revealing population bottlenecks and recent divergence between subspecies. The research highlights the importance of local adaptation and genetic rescue efforts in tiger conservation.
Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole, challenging how astronomers thought they formed. The black hole is more than 20 times the mass of our Sun, with its spin approaching the speed of light.
Researchers report that organoids grown from bile duct epithelial cells can repair damaged bile ducts in transplanted human livers. This breakthrough could lead to increased use of organs on the transplant waiting list by providing a cell-based therapy alternative.
A study found that older adults understand the risks of overusing antibiotics, but many still use them incorrectly. Over 91% of respondents are cautious about using antibiotics, yet nearly 56% believe doctors overprescribe them, while 34% think antibiotics can help with viral illnesses like colds and flu.
Researchers found that a harmony-with-nature worldview improves psychological health, even during the pandemic. In contrast, a mastery-over-nature worldview is associated with poor coping in the US but not in Japan.
Researchers found extremely low detection of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces in outpatient and inpatient oncology areas, including a COVID-19 floor. The study's results confirm the effectiveness of enhanced cleaning and disinfecting policies in reducing virus transmission.
A study of over 2,100 first-year medical residents found that irregular sleep schedules can increase the risk of depression and negative mood. Those with variable wake-up times and sleep times were more likely to experience symptoms of depression.
Researchers found that Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) maintain the skin-specific gene expression pattern necessary for proper development of the skin. The study suggests that targeting both complexes may be a more effective form of treatment for certain cancers.
Researchers develop a new protein, 161519 TriKE, to target cold tumors and enhance the immune response. The study found that 161519 TriKE successfully reduced tumor growth and increased overall survival in tumor-bearing mice.
A new study found that individual yellow warblers exhibit similar climatic preferences across their migratory range, tracking dry or wetter areas rather than warmer or cooler ones. This adaptation could help the species respond to changing climate conditions.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have elucidated the crystal structure of exotic ice XIX, a new ordered variant of high-pressure ice VI. This breakthrough discovery reveals new insights into the electrical properties of these unusual ice forms and paves the way for further experimentation to study their properties.
A study found that pre-existing immunity against previous flu infections can protect individuals from airborne transmission of seasonal flu viruses. The researchers used the ferret model and discovered that even short exposure times can lead to efficient transmission, but prior immunity provides a significant barrier to infection.
In a study published in Scientific Reports, researchers found that dogs can recognize their body as an obstacle, a basic manifestation of self-representation. This ability is linked to the mirror mark experiment, where humans and elephants perform well.
Petroleum engineers at Samara Polytech created a test facility that recreates physical parameters of a deposit located at different depths. The facility allows for the simulation of pressure and temperature conditions, enabling the accurate determination of rock mechanical properties such as hardness, elasticity, and plasticity.
Researchers observed two new species of kukri snakes exhibiting the unique behavior of gutting frogs and toads. The snakes tear off organs and swallow them alive for up to a few hours, suggesting an alternative feeding strategy has evolved in their species group.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that the circadian rhythms of Japanese red flour beetles vary geographically, with weaker rhythmic amplitudes at higher latitudes. The researchers collected beetles from 37 rice mills across Japan and found no variation in rhythm period with latitude or longitude.
A new study using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) has refined the distance to Cygnus X-1 and found its black hole mass to be approximately 21 solar masses, exceeding current stellar evolution models. This massive black hole suggests that lower mass loss through stellar winds during progenitor star evolution may have occurred.
A research team has detected organic molecules and gases in 3.5 billion-year-old rocks, dating back to a time when early life developed on Earth. The findings suggest that these ancient rocks may have played a crucial role in the emergence of life on our planet.
Researchers found quartz crystals in the stomach of a 120-million-year-old bird, complicating its dietary mystery. The discovery challenges current understanding of enantiornithine birds' digestive systems and highlights the complexity of their ancient ecosystems.
Researchers analyzed gut microbiomes from over 9,000 people, finding distinct signatures linked to healthy aging and survival. The unique microbial compositions were correlated with specific metabolites in blood plasma, suggesting a direct link between the microbiome and health as we age.
Researchers at D-Wave and Google achieve a significant computational performance advantage in simulating the topological phenomena behind the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics. The study demonstrates that quantum effects can be harnessed to provide a scaling advantage, increasing with both simulation size and problem hardness.
A new UCF study examines the connection between saltwater leeches and a major disease of sea turtles, fibropapillomatosis. The researchers found a significant association between leech presence and FP tumor development in green turtles but not in loggerhead turtles.
A genetic study found that heavy coffee consumption can increase lipid levels in the blood, heightening cardiovascular disease risk. Unfiltered brews like long blacks, espressos, and lattes contain a cholesterol-elevating compound called cafestol.
Research sequenced 65 tiger genomes revealing strong genetic differences between subspecies, which emerged recently due to climatic shift and human dominance. Conservation genomics can inform management strategies, highlighting the need for genetic rescue through hybridization or selection of adapted traits.
More than half of Earth's river basins have undergone significant changes in biodiversity due to human activities such as overfishing, pollution and climate change. Conservation efforts must focus on both protected and degraded areas to meet the goal of preserving at least 30% of Earth's surface by 2030.
The winners of the Cell Press and CST Rising Black Scientists Awards share their essays on creating a more inclusive scientific community. Olufolakemi Olusanya and Chrystal Starbird discuss their personal journeys, challenges, and hopes for contributing to a more equitable science.
Researchers at Shinshu University have developed a novel method for rapidly and efficiently separating oxygen-18 from oxygen-16, an isotope essential for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) diagnosis in cancer treatment. This breakthrough uses nanoporous carbon to achieve high-speed separation.
Researchers tested dogs in a 'body as an obstacle' task, where they had to pick up a toy attached to a mat or the ground. The dogs left the mat more frequently when the toy was attached, suggesting body awareness and understanding of consequences.
Researchers have discovered a way to convert methane in natural gas into liquid methanol at room temperature using a catalyst material and electricity. This process reduces the need for high heat and pressure, making it a more efficient and affordable method for producing methanol.
Scientists have successfully demonstrated a quantum computer demonstrator using Rydberg atoms, which can perform computing operations with high precision and scalability. The research uses sophisticated laser systems to control and entangle qubits, paving the way for the development of a functional quantum computer.
A recent study by Anglia Ruskin University found a strong negative correlation between COVID-19 cases and GDP per capita. Countries with higher GDP per capita were able to implement more effective lockdown measures and invest in public health solutions, leading to faster declines in virus rates.
Researchers discovered that cone snail venom can disrupt protein-protein interactions contributing to P. falciparum malaria's persistence. The study found six fractions of venom inhibit adhesion of infected erythrocytes to endothelial microvasculature and placenta.
Researchers develop technique to precisely place and orient DNA-based molecular devices on chip surfaces. The method enables thousands of molecules to be reliably oriented, opening up new possibilities for applications like DNA sequencing and protein measurement.
A recent study found that human activities, particularly air pollution, are the primary cause of fluctuations in global dimming and brightening. Surface solar radiation increased after economic collapse and improved air quality regulations, suggesting a link between human-induced aerosols and climate changes.
Researchers have found that short strands of cell-free DNA in urine can indicate a difference between healthy individuals and those with cancer. The DNA fragments are protected from degradation and can provide meaningful information about disease complexity like cancer.
A study analyzed characteristics associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in patients after severe COVID-19. The researchers found that certain factors increased the likelihood of PTSD development in these patients.
Researchers used two-photon imaging and optogenetics to isolate brain capillaries in animal models, discovering that pericytes regulate blood flow through a slower process than upstream arteries. The findings have implications for stroke treatment and potential therapeutics.
A study reveals that women undergoing breast cancer surgery often feel left out of the decision-making process for reconstructive surgery, with surgeons having more say than patients. The research found that approximately one in three women believed their surgeon made decisions on their behalf.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that local and national restrictions in England reduced social contacts, but the effects were mixed. Restrictions like the Rule of Six and working from home led to modest reductions in contacts, while the 10pm closure had little impact.
Researchers found a significant decrease in atmospheric ammonia concentrations during COVID-19 lockdowns in urban Beijing and rural Xianghe sites, contradicting previous assumptions about the major source of ammonia emissions.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that high levels of IgG antibodies may drive MIS-C in children, while increased IgA antibodies may contribute to severe disease in adults. The findings suggest a common immune mechanism underlying different COVID-19 outcomes in children and adults.
A new study reveals that a 42,000-year-old magnetic reversal led to significant changes in atmospheric ozone concentration and circulation. The event, known as the Laschamps excursion, caused substantial shifts in climate and environmental patterns worldwide.
Scientists have successfully grown lab-grown 'mini-bile ducts' that can be used to repair damaged human livers, paving the way for cell therapies to treat liver disease. The technique uses organoids - clusters of cells that mimic tissue architecture and function - to repair bile ducts.
Bergles pioneered the study of immature brain cells that can repair myelin after it's destroyed in multiple sclerosis. His work aims to promote myelin repair and restore function for people with MS.
Air pollution levels from shale gas development may have exceeded air quality standards, affecting over 36,000 people in PA, according to Penn State scientists. Doubling the required setback distance reduced exposure by about half.
Researchers found that Eastern bluebirds and tree swallows nesting in noisy boxes spent less time incubating eggs, had fewer eggs hatch, and produced fewer young than their neighbors. This suggests that compressor noise negatively impacted fitness through reduced hatching and fledging success.
A new report proposes a system of universal coverage to support the long-term care of all older Americans, aiming to protect against financial catastrophe and create a more stable funding stream. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for reform in the US system of long-term services and supports.
A team led by VIMS researchers is studying the impact of ocean acidification on oysters and their aquaculture in the Chesapeake Bay. The goal is to develop tools for forecasting acidification thresholds to help growers make informed decisions.
A new study reveals that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other conventional antidepressants boost BDNF signalling by binding to its TrkB receptor. This finding challenges the primary role of serotonin or glutamate receptors in the effects of antidepressants.
A RAND Corporation study suggests setting hospital prices can reduce spending by billions, outperforming other approaches like increasing competition or improving price transparency. The report finds that direct price regulation could save up to $236.6 billion annually, cutting national health spending by 1.7% to 6.5%.
Researchers at NICT and TOYOTA have successfully implemented stabilization technology for wireless communications in manufacturing systems. This technology allows for real-time visualization of the wireless environment and coordinated control of different systems, detecting unregistered terminals and suppressing radio congestion. The s...
Researchers found that modifying the surface of electrodes with bismuth can significantly increase electrical current, driving the reactions that split water into oxygen and hydrogen. This process could lead to a clean and sustainable energy future.
A new study published in Psychological Medicine found that boys who regularly play video games at age 11 are less likely to develop depressive symptoms three years later. In contrast, girls who spend more time on social media appear to develop more depressive symptoms. The study suggests that different types of screen time can positive...
A study published by The Endocrine Society found that testosterone therapy increases the risk of blood clots, heart attack, and stroke in transgender men. Over 11% of participants developed erythrocytosis, a condition characterized by excessive red blood cells.
Longfin damselfish aggressively defend algal farms, providing a protective refuge for planktonic mysid shrimps. In return, the shrimps excrete nutrients that enrich the algae, benefiting the damselfish's body condition and diet.