A 13-year study in Florida found that biological controls significantly reduced the size of new paperbark tree populations after wildfires. The treatments helped to slow growth and inhibit reproduction, allowing land managers to prioritize removing large trees.
A new paper warns of the dangers of large language models, which can perpetuate racist ideologies and cause significant environmental degradation. The models' huge computational needs also restrict access to smaller developers, leaving out marginalized communities.
The CCE-DART project aims to develop interconnected tools to reduce the complexity of investigator-initiated trials, incorporating cutting-edge digital technologies. It will harmonize molecular multi-tier profiling platforms to precisely match patients to novel anti-cancer medicines based on genetic tumor specificities.
Researchers have developed adaptive microelectronics that can position themselves, manipulate biological tissue, and respond to their environment. These innovative devices use microscopic artificial muscles and sensor signals to adapt to complex anatomical shapes.
A study among US healthcare workers found most risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the workplace. The research highlights the importance of pre-exposure protection measures for healthcare personnel.
A recent study found that women artists are underrepresented in the art market, with 42 male artists occupying the top 0.03% of sales value. Despite commanding higher average prices, women artists face significant barriers to entry, including discrimination and lower visibility.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed a gene therapy that temporarily represses a gene involved in sensing pain, increasing pain tolerance and providing months of relief. The therapy could be used for various chronic pain conditions, including lower back pain and rare neuropathic disorders.
Researchers used a predictive algorithm to map out trends in enterovirus D68 incidence since 2014, linking the virus to acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) cases. The study suggests that social distancing measures during COVID-19 likely lowered AFM prevalence in 2020.
A recent study found that even small differences in blood pressure measurements between arms can lead to incorrect diagnoses in children. The research involved 118 participants aged 7-18 years and showed that one in four healthy children had an inter-arm difference that could lead to misdiagnosis.
Researchers are developing new treatments for childhood and adult brain cancers, including a potential cure for incurable ependymoma. Advanced imaging strategies and targeted therapies aim to improve treatment outcomes and survival rates for patients with glioblastoma and other aggressive brain tumors.
Patients recovering from COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury require long-term monitoring of kidney function post-discharge. The study highlights the importance of tracking kidney function to prevent future complications and ensure optimal recovery.
A high-resolution map of protein binding locations in yeast has produced two distinct gene regulatory architectures, challenging traditional models of gene regulation. The study revealed unique protein assemblages and absence of specific regulatory control signals at housekeeping genes.
New research at the UNESCO-listed 'Plain of Jars' in Laos establishes that stone jars were placed in their final position from 1240 to 660 BCE. The study used Optically Stimulated Luminescence and radiocarbon dating to analyze sediment samples, revealing enduring ritual significance across historical times.
Researchers from Purdue University developed soft contact lenses with integrated biosensors to monitor ocular health conditions, including glaucoma. The technology records electrophysiological retinal activity without topical anesthesia, improving accuracy and user comfort.
A new iron-cobalt-nickel nanocomposite with tunable magnetic properties has been developed by NUST MISIS to protect money and securities from counterfeiting. The material's high coercivity makes it suitable for EMI shielding, magnetically coupled devices, and other industrial applications.
A new study by Norwegian University of Science and Technology highlights how new technologies can exacerbate existing social health inequalities. Research shows that people with lower education and income have poorer health outcomes, and that wealthier individuals may buy their way to access to life-saving vaccines.
A genetic analysis of the ancient massacre in Potočani, Croatia, reveals that 70% of the victims were unrelated, suggesting a large and stable local population. The results indicate that large-scale indiscriminate killing occurred in pre-state societies, challenging previous assumptions about the nature of violence in the past.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has detected a high-energy particle, confirming the 60-year-old Glashow resonance theory. The particle produced a W-boson through an interaction with an electron antineutrino, providing further confirmation of the Standard Model of particle physics.
A team at Osaka City University has found that the subiculum sorts and routes spatial information from the hippocampus to specific regions of the brain, enabling smooth navigation. This discovery could shed light on disorders such as dementia and improve our understanding of brain function.
A new study published in Neurology found that Medicare payments for neurology medications increased by 50% over five years, despite a 8% rise in claims. The majority of the increase was due to rising costs for neuroimmunology drugs, primarily used for multiple sclerosis.
A diet high in healthful plant-based food may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke, with participants who consumed more plant-based foods showing an 8% lower risk. Researchers found no association between vegetarian diets and stroke risk, but noted that the quality of plant-based foods was a key factor.
Researchers at Mount Sinai found that a single shot of COVID-19 vaccine can provide immunity to individuals who have previously been infected by the virus. This could help stretch limited vaccine supplies and spare individuals from unnecessary side effects of a second dose.
A study published in Nature Communications found that climate change can directly impact malaria transmission in Africa, particularly in highland regions. The research analyzed data from Ethiopia and showed a strong correlation between regional temperatures and malaria cases.
A new analysis by Carnegie Mellon University professor Jonathan Caulkins explores the effects of reduced production costs on cannabis and opioid use. Sharp declines in prices may alter consumption patterns and lead to changes in drug markets, including reduced violence and disruption of criminal organizations.
A study published by Lindsey Slaughter found that adding manure to pastures increases soil organic carbon and microbial activity. The results took almost a year and a half to manifest, highlighting the challenges of implementing this method in dry climates.
A large-scale randomized trial involving nearly 24,000 women found no significant differences in health outcomes between two gestational diabetes screening methods. The study evaluated rates of gestational diabetes diagnosis, large-for-gestational-age infants, and adverse perinatal outcomes.
The NIH has developed a framework for reporting polygenic risk scores, which provide an estimate of an individual's inherited risk for diseases. The new guidelines aim to improve the validity, transparency, and reproducibility of polygenic risk scores in clinical care.
Research published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry shows a sustained 3.8% annual decline in PBDE concentrations in bald eagle nestlings' blood samples across Minnesota and Wisconsin. The findings are instructive for regulators to set protective levels for wildlife and fish consumption advisories for humans.
Scientists found that certain bacteria, like Lactobacillus amylovorus, can increase fermentation yields by up to three percent. This discovery suggests a new approach to industrial production, focusing on selecting beneficial bacteria rather than relying on broad-spectrum antibiotics or treatments.
Researchers from Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona found evidence suggesting that elite women played a crucial role in the governance of El Argar, a Bronze Age society. The study of a princely tomb discovered in La Almoloya revealed valuable items and diadems made with silver, indicating the women's symbolic power.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agent called SAIO for high-resolution 3D microvascular imaging, outperforming traditional gadolinium-based agents. The agent provides excellent resolution and stability, allowing for accurate diagnosis of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases.
A new UNSW study found that individuals with aphantasia, who cannot visualize mental images, exhibit reduced fear responses when reading scary stories. This suggests that mental imagery plays a key role in linking thoughts and emotions, supporting the idea that imagery is an emotional thought amplifier.
Research reveals Scythian populations were diverse and complex, with some living sedentary lives farming millet and raising livestock, challenging traditional nomadic warrior image.
The mosquito protein AEG12 destabilizes the viral envelope, breaking its protective covering. The findings could lead to therapeutics against viruses affecting millions of people worldwide.
A new study from the University of Washington found that individuals who recognize common humanity with others are more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors, such as wearing masks and helping those in need, even at personal cost. This identification with all humanity was a stronger predictor of behavior than identifying with one's c...
Researchers have developed a simple blood test that can detect acute liver damage earlier than current methods. The test uses gold nanoparticles to target the antioxidant glutathione, which is depleted in damaged liver cells. This early detection could lead to faster recovery and improved treatment outcomes for patients with liver injury.
Researchers deciphered the impacts of sRNA interactions on individual bacterial cells, revealing minor effects from base-pairing interactions and significant effects from disruptions in Hfq binding. The study used high-throughput sequencing and quantitative super-resolution imaging to understand the regulation of gene expression under ...
A Northwestern University team developed an experimental drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier and triggers death of tumor cells. The spherical nucleic acid (SNA) drug has shown promise for treating other neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers have confirmed Noeggerathiales had fern-like spore propagation and seed plant vascular tissue, revealing a closer relationship to seed plants than previously thought. The study also shows that the ancestral lineage of seed plants diversified during the Devonian-Carboniferous-Permian periods.
Researchers have shown experimentally that most nanoplastics in estuarine waters clump, forming larger clusters that settle or stick to solid objects. This could mean that estuaries filter out nanoplastics before they enter the ocean.
A longitudinal study by Anglia Ruskin University found that lockdowns to combat COVID-19 led to an increase in symptoms associated with eating disorders. Participants experienced higher levels of morbid eating behaviors such as anorexia and bulimia, but also increased exercise rates after the first lockdown.
The University of Guam will develop an online open-access database to make CHamoru language and culture learning resources more accessible. The multi-phased project aims to collect, organize, and digitize existing resources, partnering with local and regional organizations.
Researchers have developed innovative sustainable materials mimicking the texture and look of cowhide leather without using livestock or synthetic chemicals. Plant-based materials, mushroom leather, fish skin, and cell-culture leather are gaining attention among manufacturers.
Early commercial batches of Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine had lower than expected levels of intact mRNA molecules, a finding that raised concerns about the manufacturing process and its impact on vaccine potency. Regulators like the EMA and FDA are unsure of the implications for safety and efficacy.
Researchers from NUST MISIS developed a new nanomaterial that can replace low-efficiency graphite in lithium-ion batteries, increasing capacity and extending service life. The material provides three times higher capacity than existing batteries and allows for five times more charge-discharge cycles.
Watanabe's project aims to improve understanding of brain-skull interactions, potentially preventing and treating neurological and cranial birth defects. He will study this topic using birds as a model system and create educational tools, including a virtual reality game.
A new study reveals that nitrogen-fixing trees play a vital role in recovering tropical forests by enriching nutrient-poor soils with scarce elements such as phosphorus. The trees' roots weather rocks beneath them, releasing nutrients like phosphorus and molybdenum that boost plant growth.
A recent Loyola Medicine study found that reducing the standard dose of IV-administered ketamine in half is as effective as the larger dose in reducing pain in adults. The study involved 98 patients and showed similar results at 30 minutes, with lower adverse event rates in the low-dose group.
Researchers found migratory birds from Europe introduced the HPAIV H5N8 virus to Japan. The team also investigated two human anti-influenza drugs, baloxavir marboxil and peramivir, which improved survival rates in infected chickens and reduced viral amounts.
A study of 23 countries finds that trust in these entities predicts willingness to engage in COVID-19 control behaviors. Moral principles of fairness and care also play a crucial role in shaping individual reactions.
Researchers developing standardized platform for organs-on-chips with human cells, aiming to test drugs and food outside a human body. The goal is to link multiple organ chips together to simulate a whole body, eliminating harmful or ineffective drugs earlier in the process.
The UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy led to a 10% decrease in sugar purchased in soft drinks, with households consuming 30g less per week. The levy incentivised manufacturers to reduce sugar content without affecting overall volume sales.
A novel COVID-19 recuperation unit was established at a large safety-net hospital, providing isolation, quarantine, and treatment for substance use. This intervention reduced hospitalization rates among people experiencing homelessness with COVID-19.
The UOC is heading an Erasmus+ project to study the academic trajectories of thousands of university students from four European countries. The project, Complex Trajectories, aims to provide universities with effective support to help students achieve their academic goals.
Developed countries heavily rely on imported pollination services from developing nations with high crop export rates, indicating a global dependence on biodiversity. Countries that export most pollinator-dependent crops also experience fastest cropland expansion and highest biodiversity decline rates.
Researchers at SUTD developed a new connection between exploration-exploitation trade-off in multi-agent AI systems and Catastrophe Theory. This discovery aims to improve the performance of AI systems, such as robotic space missions and healthcare management.
A study of Italian close contacts found that older adults (60+) were 6.6% more likely to develop critical disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to younger participants, who had a lower likelihood of severe symptoms.
The University of Texas at San Antonio has been awarded a $1.2 million grant from CISA to develop a system for identifying and prioritizing high-value assets in state, local, tribal, and territorial governments. The two-year pilot program aims to enhance the protection of critical infrastructure against cyber threats.
Keratoconus Dystrophy affects 30% of people with Down syndrome, causing vision problems and potentially requiring corneal transplants. The research aims to identify individuals at risk and explore prevention options through the use of biospecimens from the DSA Biobank.
A recent discovery in Potocani, Croatia, has revealed the oldest documented site of an indiscriminate mass killing, dating back 6,200 years. The DNA analysis indicates systematic violence and execution-style killings of 41 individuals from an early pastoralist community.