Researchers identified various molecular pathways and predictive biomarkers of drug resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Tailored therapies can improve prognosis for patients with refractory disease, particularly those with specific clinical features.
A new computational tool called mixscape has been developed to help understand the function and regulation of human genes. Mixscape identified a molecular mechanism for regulating immune checkpoint proteins that govern the immune system's ability to identify and destroy cancer cells.
A new study suggests that individuals who remain asymptomatic after SARS-CoV-2 infection have a highly efficient and balanced anti-viral cellular response. This response produces a careful balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, protecting the host without causing symptoms.
Researchers develop bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies that target cancer cells and stimulate the immune system without removing T-cells. This approach could make personalized treatments more broadly accessible and potentially transform cancer into a chronic disease.
Researchers at RMIT University have developed a method to predict and control the ripening process of cheese, allowing for earlier detection of quality issues. This new approach uses biomarkers and multi-omics analysis to compare cheese samples, enabling more accurate grading and reducing waste.
Researchers found that women's likelihood of winning a party leadership contest in primaries is significantly lower than males, even after controlling for other factors. The study suggests that the system prioritizes 'inclusion' over 'representation', disadvantageing women.
A new type of ultrasound scan, shear wave elastography, has been shown to detect residual cancerous tissue in the brain more sensitively than traditional methods. The technique, which measures tissue stiffness and stretchiness, could improve surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
Polaritons form structures behaving like molecules, with properties such as new energy states and optical properties. Artificial polariton molecules have potential uses in quantum information systems, including dissipating less power and operating faster than traditional methods.
Scientists at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin have identified a promising target for new antibacterial agents in the formation of ribosomal components. The study, published in Molecular Cell, reveals that a helper protein called ObgE plays a key role in guiding the process, which could be inhibited to stop bacterial growth.
AusStage, a digital humanities platform preserving Australian live performance history, has been awarded a UNESCO Memory of the World accolade. The recognition highlights the importance of preserving artistic activity and its impact on understanding Australia's cultural heritage.
A team of researchers from Aalto University and other institutions have developed a method to monitor the digestion of DNA nanostructures by endonucleases in real time. This study provides insights into tunable drug delivery and new design paradigms for DNA-based drug-carriers, with potential applications in cancer treatment.
Researchers found that tumor cells increase SLC6A14 expression levels in response to methionine deprivation, leading to increased AMPK activation. Targeting both SLC6A14 and AMPK may drive unbalanced metabolism in starved tumor cells, promoting apoptosis.
A COVID-19 lockdown in Northern China led to a significant decrease in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions but an increase in ground-level ozone pollution. Researchers found that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were driving the increased ozone production, as NOx levels scavenged radicals and prevented ozone formation during summer months.
A new study by Keck Medicine of USC found that alcohol and tobacco sales nationwide rose significantly during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales increases were highest among younger adults, ethnic minorities, those with younger children and/or large families, and those with higher incomes.
Scientists use monoclonal antibodies against the glucagon receptor to convert alpha cells into beta cells, significantly increasing the number of cells in the pancreas. This could potentially treat both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes by restoring natural insulin production.
Researchers found that financial incentives encouraged hospitals to enact rapid system and practice changes to support treatment for opioid use disorder. However, smaller or independent hospitals struggled to invest in resources due to internal barriers.
Despite Africa being home to 17% of the world's population, African authors account for only 3% of COVID-19 research papers. Analysis of top medical journals reveals a significant underrepresentation of African authors and perspectives in global health literature.
A survey of 18,000 women in 16 countries found that 69% would receive a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and vaccinate their children. Vaccine acceptance varied by country, with lower rates in the US and Russia.
A special supplement to the journal WORK explores the latest advances in comfort research, highlighting the importance of human behavior in determining comfort. The studies examined various factors, including the impact of posture, movement, and environmental conditions on comfort.
A new study published in Psychopharmacology found that frustration is a significant contributor to addiction. Researchers at UTMB used a rat model to demonstrate how frustration can lead to increased drug intake and escalation of opioid use disorder.
Researchers found that agri-environmental schemes can help maintain species richness across flowering fields and seminatural grasslands in Germany. The study suggests a combined network of both is necessary to maximize biodiversity conservation efforts.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that intermittent hypoxia inhibits mandibular cartilage growth in newborn rats. The study also showed decreased expression levels of genes TGF-β and SOX9 in jaw cartilage, while collagen X displayed increased expression.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that methoxyflurane administration resulted in lower pain scores compared to standard care. However, it did not achieve the desired substantial reduction in pain as prescribed.
The study found that breast cancer cells switch between two distinct states: mesenchymal and amoeboidal, which are influenced by tissue fiber alignment. The level of fiber alignment is crucial in determining the progression of breast cancers. Understanding this mechanism can help predict and treat metastatic disease.
A new study highlights the importance of preserving intraspecific variation within species, which supports essential ecological functions and benefits nature provides for people. The loss of this variation can have serious ecological consequences, including boom-bust population cycles and reduced medicinal properties in plants.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki discovered that HIV's Nef protein activates protein kinases, leading to chronic immune activation and disease progression. The study suggests repurposing kinase inhibitors as a new treatment option for patients whose immunodeficiency is not reversed by current therapies.
Scientists at Far Eastern Federal University have developed a compound that kills prostate cancer cells while also activating an enzyme protecting them. The compound, 3,10-dibromofascaplysin, works well in combination with approved anticancer drugs and is being studied for its potential to reduce side effects.
A new study reveals that fairy wrasses' diverged in form and colour after repeated sea level rises and falls during the last ice age, driven by an 'evolutionary arms race' to court females and chase off rival males. The research used a novel genome-wide dataset to reconstruct the fish's evolutionary history.
Researchers tested CER-001 on a human patient with familial LCAT deficiency, showing improved kidney function and stable vision for up to 11 months. The treatment was well-tolerated, but further studies are warranted to prevent kidney progression.
A school-based cavity prevention program reduced untreated cavities by more than 50% among 6,927 elementary school students. The program, which provided twice-yearly dental exams and treatments, showed promise in reducing health disparities and saving federal dollars.
A study found that growth mindsets are positively correlated with math, science, and reading performance globally. However, the effect is weaker in countries with low educational mobility, where environmental factors hinder individual growth.
New research highlights how extreme rainfall associated with climate change harms babies' development, leading to smaller birth-weight and premature birth. The study found that even non-extreme intense rainfall resulted in lower birth-weight, with children from disadvantaged households facing the most severe effects.
A study at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that socioeconomic status is significantly linked to IQ, academics, and self-care skills in children with brain tumors treated with radiation. The gap between these groups widens over time.
A new study by Scripps scientists reveals that mountain snowpack is vulnerable to premature melt due to rising temperatures, with coastal regions and the Arctic being the most at-risk. The research identifies regional variations in snowpack melt and provides a theory explaining why some regions are more susceptible than others.
Researchers studied how the herbicide naptalam affects plant growth by inhibiting auxin transport proteins. Naptalam disrupts polarity in plants by blocking the directional flow of auxin, leading to inhibited root growth and altered flower and seed formation.
Scientists found microplastics ranging from two-hundredths of an inch to less than a tenth of an inch long, with polyethylene being the most commonly observed polymer. The study suggests stormwater could be an important source of plastic pollution in oceans and waters.
A new health equity curriculum at Wake Forest School of Medicine improved students' knowledge and confidence in addressing social determinants of health. The program, implemented in 2018, included simulations, online modules, and community-based partnerships.
A recent study by Northwestern University used AI to analyze 92 million COVID-19-related tweets and found that people's biases are magnified when reading tweets about the virus, with retweets increasing their belief in false information.
The article highlights available treatment alternatives for mild and serious COVID-19 cases, as well as vaccine options that can confer immunity to vaccinated individuals. Researchers conclude a combinatorial therapy should be designed with both immunizations and small compounds.
Research finds that water clarity affects how growth rates of walleyes change as lakes start to warm; growth rates increased in some lakes and decreased in others
The study reveals that mutations in histones can disrupt nucleosome remodeling, contributing to the development or progression of various human cancers. Researchers identified key sites and mutations affecting chromatin structure and stability, which may play a role in cancer progression.
Researchers found identical patterns in plant functional traits along microclimatic gradients across four tundra ecosystems, improving climate change impact predictions. This study reveals generalizable rules in nature, allowing for the application of scientific results from one region to another.
The Vilcek Foundation will award three prizes of $50,000 each to early-career immigrant researchers in biomedical science. The foundation aims to recognize individuals who bring unique insight and perspective to their work, with a focus on supporting young research leaders.
A new study by Oregon State University suggests that low-intensity thinning in riparian zones can aid forest restoration without harming streams. The research examined the effects of shade and light reductions on stream temperatures in three small watersheds in northern California's second-growth redwood forests.
Scientists have identified a region within the GLI1 gene responsible for regulating its expression, providing a potential target for cancer treatment. Removing this region eliminates GLI1 activity, halting excessive cell division characteristic of cancer.
Brian Zhou, Assistant Professor of Physics at Boston College, has received a $567,000 NSF CAREER Award to study the imaging of photocurrents in quantum materials. He will use this funding to develop nanoscale quantum sensors for spatially imaging flow and characterize ultrathin magnetic materials.
Research published in the American Heart Association's Circulation journal reveals that consuming 2 fruit and 3 vegetable servings daily may be the optimal amount for a longer life. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables help reduce risk of chronic health conditions.
Grafting neurons from monkeys' own cells into their brains relieved debilitating movement and depression symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. The autologous transplants showed significant improvements within six months, with dopamine levels doubling and tripled within a year.
Direct ethanol fuel cells have high energy density, low toxicity, and easy operation, but lack robust electrocatalysts for anodic ethanol oxidation. The study proposes alloying effects with core-shell construction to optimize Pd shell surfaces, achieving highest mass activity and specific activity for catalyzing ethanol electro-oxidation
Scientists demonstrate precise positioning of transition-metal dopants in graphene, opening doors to exotic electronic, magnetic, and topological properties. Meanwhile, a new diamond anvil pressure cell enables high-pressure science not possible elsewhere, revealing insights into super-hydrides and earth-core pressure conditions.
Researchers found that tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody treatment, improved length of stay by eight days and reduced mechanical ventilator use, but had no significant impact on clinical status or mortality rate in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Further studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness
A research group from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and the UK propose six criteria to mitigate the impacts of invasive species. The guidelines include a detailed survey of the situation and recommended responses such as cost-benefit analysis and intervention strategies.
A WHO expert panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19 infection in people without symptoms. The guideline is based on high certainty evidence from six randomized controlled trials involving over 6,000 participants.
Researchers create a 'ship-in-a-bottle structure' by slowly moving reactive components to the surface, where they form stalagmite-like spikes of metal oxides. This process enables purification and recovery of pure and precious metals from alloys in electronic waste.
A study compared seven countries' dietary guidelines and found significant variations in greenhouse gas emissions associated with food consumption patterns. India's diet had the lowest carbon footprint, while the US had one of the highest due to high dairy recommendations.
A novel soft tactile sensor with skin-comparable characteristics has been developed for robots, allowing them to grasp fragile objects and thread needles. The sensor decouples external forces into normal and shear components, providing accurate measurements.
A new study by University of Michigan and Boston University researchers found that only 21% of dollars spent on 15 top-selling partial orphan drugs went to treating rare diseases, while 70% went to common diseases. This raises questions about whether the benefits of orphan drug status are always warranted for these drugs.
The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation's Global Reef Expedition found the Chagos Archipelago to be home to some of the most diverse coral reefs in the Indian Ocean. Despite being relatively undisturbed, human impacts were evident, and mass bleaching caused widespread coral mortality.
A four-year study will assess Siberia's permafrost expansion and contraction in response to climate change. The research team combines archives of permafrost ice, cave deposits, and crustacean fossils to reconstruct past temperatures and regional climate histories.
Researchers from Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University modified the SIR model to include individuals in isolation or quarantine. Their results show that total isolation early on can significantly reduce the spread of disease and bring an earlier end to the pandemic. The modified SEIR model has been tested on data from St...