The Army Research Office and Army Research Laboratory have awarded $5.4 million in grants to support the development of a unique silicon carbide semiconductor fabrication facility at the University of Arkansas. Researchers will focus on producing energy-efficient and heat-resistant integrated circuits for military applications.
Researchers designed a fast and efficient way to determine Cilostazol's concentration using molecularly imprinted polymers. The sensor works like a three-dimensional shape puzzle, selectively binding to the target molecule.
Current product standards in India's off-grid solar industry are creating barriers to the country's energy transition, according to a recent study. The variation in quality requirements and testing procedures is resulting in mistrust among consumers and increased costs for manufacturers.
A new algorithm has been developed to train spiking neural networks, mimicking the human brain's structure and function. This approach enables these powerful, fast, and energy-efficient systems to solve complex tasks like image classification with high precision.
The University of Arkansas will receive a grant to analyze gun crime patterns in Chattanooga, Tennessee, with the goal of reducing frequency of violence. The researchers aim to understand where, when, and at what frequency gun crime occurs to inform evidence-driven practices.
Rapid warming in High Mountain Asia is causing more glacier melt, permafrost thaw, and annual rainfall, leading to increased river runoff and sediment flux. This could harm hydropower projects, irrigation capacity, and water quality, affecting millions of people.
A team of scientists at the University of Utah has discovered a new type of interneuron in the mammalian retina called the Campana cell. The discovery marks a notable development for the field, as scientists work toward a better understanding of the central nervous system by identifying all classes of neurons and their connections.
Researchers have made new discoveries about the Martian water record, with a fragile record of fleeting water found. Petrographic microscopy techniques are also being used to analyze geological materials, revealing new insights into microstructures.
A Boston University researcher found that while many climate deniers are receptive to disinformation, some are also open to the science. Her study suggests that engaging with individuals most vulnerable to climate disinformation is crucial in stopping its spread.
A study by Texas A&M University researchers analyzed contact tracing data and found that most player interactions were fleeting and brief. Only a small number of games had prolonged close contacts, with none resulting in COVID-19 cases among athletes.
A study has created a massive database of academic papers documenting global adaptation actions to climate change. The research found that people are taking action, but these efforts tend to be fragmented and may not be enough to deal with the expected effects of climate change.
A team of scientists developed a drug-like molecule that can counteract the effects of mutated epigenetic regulators, which are known to drive certain types of cancer. The molecule targets the 'reader' CBX8, which is critical for the proliferation of cancer cells, but more dispensable in healthy cells.
Researchers found that honeybee colonies modify their social interactions and movement patterns in response to parasite infestations, increasing social distance between young and old bees. This adaptation helps reduce the spread of diseases while maintaining beneficial social behaviors.
A twisted human birth canal requires rotation during birth, increasing complications, yet provides stability. Researchers linked the shape to pelvic floor muscle support.
A Rutgers study found that people who bought firearms during the 2020 purchasing surge were more likely to report suicidal thoughts, with 56% experiencing lifetime thoughts and 42% in the past year. The study highlights the need for safe storage policies and suicide risk screening during firearm purchases.
Researchers have discovered a way to manipulate orbiting debris with spinning magnets, allowing for gentler maneuvering and potential repair of malfunctioning objects. The technology has the potential to help clear space junk from Earth's orbit and extend the life of satellites.
Researchers from The University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science have found that drones can be used as communication bases with underwater robotic devices (AUVs) for ocean surveys. UAVs offer high-speed observations, mobility, and resistance to ocean currents, making them suitable candidates for this application.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that prioritizing prompt procurement, distribution, and vaccination pace can maximize public health benefits and economic efficiency. Meeting vaccination targets of 67% or 80% of the population can significantly reduce infections and deaths while minimizing healthcare costs.
Researchers have discovered that twisted bilayer graphene can guide and control light at the nanometer scale due to its unique interaction with collective electron movements. This property enables the material to be used as a platform for optical sensing of gases and bio-molecules.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found a link between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and myocarditis in adolescent males. Cardiac MRI was used to assess suspected myocarditis post-vaccination, with late gadolinium enhancement persisting in two patients undergoing repeat MRI.
A research team led by Professor Luca Razzari at INRS has successfully generated coherent, intense visible light pulses with femtosecond duration using a simplified setup. This innovation opens up new possibilities for studying various phenomena in physics, chemistry, and biology.
The study found that individuals with prosocial values are more receptive to information emphasizing the risks posed to others, whereas those without such values focus on personal threats. Risk framing also significantly increased support for anti-COVID measures, potentially promoting autocratic policies globally.
A recent study suggests that Long-COVID symptoms, such as cognitive deficits and fatigue, may be attributed to fatigue rather than pathological changes in the brain. Neuroimaging results showed no significant differences in cerebral glucose metabolism or brain pathology between patients with long-COVID and healthy controls.
Researchers investigate crystal-orientation dependence of HHG in WS2 and MoSe2, revealing polarization direction of odd-order harmonics follows the driving laser field. Crystal symmetry flips affect high-harmonic signals.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have generated an incredibly large bandwidth using a thin-film nanophotonic device, overcoming limitations of existing devices. The breakthrough could advance metrology, sensing, and quantum networks.
Increased arrest rate disparities in states without cannabis decriminalization and legalization policies highlight the need for targeted interventions to address racial injustice. The study suggests that these policies can help reduce racial disparities in marijuana possession arrests.
Financial hardship was common among pregnant and postpartum US women, with many reporting unmet healthcare needs due to cost. The study found significant financial stress affecting these individuals, impacting their overall well-being.
Researchers analyzed tree rings from Batavia's hull timbers to understand the VOC's 17th-century shipbuilding materials and global trade strategies. The study found that the Dutch successfully coped with timber shortages by diversifying sources.
A new study reveals that mice infected with bacteria or parasites develop a unique tolerance mechanism to shield their enteric neurons from death. This finding has potential clinical implications for conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, where neuronal loss can lead to severe gastrointestinal disease.
A new study from Edith Cowan University identifies four pathways regularly associated with Western Australian mining deaths, including design flaws and poor management. The research recommends that companies prioritize these pathways to reduce workplace fatalities and improve worker safety.
A clinical trial of 465 patients found that administering heparin in therapeutic doses reduced mortality from COVID-19 by 78%, with benefits only observed when administered between seven and 14 days after symptom onset. The study suggests that timing is crucial for treatment efficacy.
Researchers at University of Queensland successfully protected mice from COVID-19 using a US-developed vaccine candidate delivered via a pocket-sized, pain-free applicator. The vaccine produced strong immune responses and neutralized multiple variants, including UK and South Africa variants.
Researchers developed a novel magnetic levitation-based low-gravity simulator with a large functional volume, promising to break new ground for future space research. The design can create an area of low gravity about 1,000 times larger than existing simulators.
Researchers from Osaka City University found that non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) accelerates cell growth and promotes bone regeneration in animal models with critical bone defects. Micro-CT images showed a 1.51 times larger bone volume after 10-minute treatment, while histological analysis confirmed new bone formation ...
Researchers at the University of York developed new sound design techniques to enhance film experiences for visually impaired audiences. The methods use sound effects, 3D sound, and first-person narration to create a more inclusive cinematic experience.
A new study by Vanessa Ruta and her team found that dopamine neurons in fruit flies correlate strongly with ongoing behavior, reflecting motivation or goal underlying actions. The activity of these neurons not only encode mechanics of movement but also provide moment-to-moment reinforcement, guiding beneficial actions.
A study of 10th graders found that LGB individuals reported more unmet medical care needs and had lower health care utilization rates compared to their non-LGBTQ peers. This disparity highlights the need for improved health care access and communication for LGBTQ youth.
Researchers have demonstrated a new technique for cross-sectional medical images without the need for tomography, enabling faster and more accurate imaging. The breakthrough is made possible by ultrafast photon detectors that can precisely determine the arrival times of photons, allowing for reconstruction-free positron emission imaging.
US car crash deaths involving cannabis have doubled between 2000 and 2018, with those also involving alcohol increasing by over 100%. Researchers found a significant link between cannabis use and increased risk of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes.
A massive Israeli study found that a third COVID-19 vaccine dose reduces hospitalization and severe disease risks by up to 93% compared to two doses. The research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of booster shots in real-world settings.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered that interleukin-26 plays a critical role in bacterial pneumonia by directly killing bacteria and modulating the immune system. This finding positions IL-26 as a new potential target for biological treatment of pneumonia, an increasing global health threat.
Researchers create ultra-broadband sound absorber with an average absorption coefficient of 0.93, surpassing previous limitations. The metamaterial's design utilizes near-field non-locality to suppress excessive response and achieve efficient impedance matching.
Researchers found that certain T cells stop working before entering the tumor due to changes in gene expression, making ICB therapies less effective. Combining ICB with other forms of immunotherapy targeting different aspects of T cell function may improve response rates for non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Researchers led by NUS found that climate change is increasing fluvial sediment loads in the high mountains of Asia, with implications for hydropower, food, and environmental security. The study reveals that sediment fluxes could more than double by 2050 under an extreme climate change scenario.
Researchers at UTSW Medical Center discovered a way to abolish the formation of amyloid beta plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the NHE6 gene. This breakthrough suggests a possible treatment approach for preventing late-onset Alzheimer's, a condition affecting nearly 6 million Americans.
The study found that all 86 tridomain homologues of NDP-heptose synthetases are conserved in Actinobacteria, with three types of gene clusters encoding different natural products. The kinase domains of four selected proteins were found to be dysfunctional.
Researchers launched an open competition to benchmark existing and novel methods for quantifying anomalous diffusion. The analysis of results provided an objective assessment of method performance, contributing to the definition of standard tools for trajectory analysis.
A new study found that exposure to particulate matter pollution and social factors such as race and socioeconomic status contribute to higher rates of community acquired pneumonia in children. Researchers used satellite data to identify high- and low-risk areas for the disease, highlighting the need for policy adjustments.
Researchers develop cellular models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection of the inner ear, finding that the virus can infect hair cells and Schwann cells. The pattern of infection matches symptoms observed in a study of 10 Covid-19 patients with ear-related issues.
A new production model has been introduced to the Rwandan broiler industry, allowing smallholders to increase productivity and profitability. The model, which employs a hybrid asset-building approach, provides an entry point for small-scale producers to compete with larger operations.
A study of 64 college football games found no instances of in-game SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Researchers analyzed contact exposures among opposing team players, concluding that social distancing measures may have played a role in preventing transmission.
The rate of HCV in pregnant people increased from 1.8 to 5.1 per 1,000 live births between 2009 and 2019. Researchers found that rural residence, higher rates of employment, and a greater density of obstetricians were associated with a lower risk of developing HCV during pregnancy.
Researchers discovered that pancreatic injury leads to the formation of new cell types that can give rise to cancerous mutations. The study provides a valuable resource for understanding the processes behind pancreatic cancer and potential therapeutic targets.
A new smartphone app, MyHealthyPregnancy, evaluates preeclampsia risk and patient adherence to low-dose aspirin recommendations. The study found that 37% of high-risk patients were unaware they needed to take the medication, highlighting a need for improved communication between providers and patients.
Researchers at GFZ found that undisturbed meandering sections of a river deposit and reabsorb organic carbon, transporting it into the sea. In contrast, straight river sections only pass through suspended particles, with carbon decomposing to CO2 by microorganisms.
Scientists have demonstrated that diluting high concentration electrolytes can improve the cycling abilities of lithium metal batteries over a wide range of temperatures. The study found that TTE dilution significantly improved Li+ ion transport and reduced dendritic Li plating, leading to better cycling stability.
Researchers found fatty acid compounds, GDGTs, and archaeol compounds in salt sediments of Qaidam Basin, a promising analog site for Mars exploration. The distribution of lipids provides important references for understanding Martian habitability.
Researchers found that Alzheimer's disease develops by replicating aggregates in individual brain regions, rather than spreading them. The study used human data and PET scans to track the aggregation of tau protein, a key player in the disease.
A study to investigate stem cell therapy as a potential treatment for glaucoma, the world's second leading cause of blindness, has received $6.7M in NEI funding. The research team will explore ways to make stem cell-derived neurons survive and integrate into the eye.
Research found isolated Perth tiger snake populations have lower genetic diversity due to urbanization, making them more prone to inbreeding and loss of adaptation abilities. This threatens not only the snakes but also other species living in these wetlands.
Researchers found that Barbary ground squirrels in the Canary Islands rely on synchronized vigilance as their main defense mechanism against predators. They spend a significant amount of time watching each other and scanning their surroundings to detect threats.
A nationwide study found that living in areas with high fast-food outlets increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In contrast, a greater presence of supermarkets is associated with lower T2D incidence, particularly in suburban and rural communities.
Researchers are tracking the health of over 1,500 women who had COVID-19 during pregnancy and their children to study the long-term effects of the virus. They aim to understand why some people develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as 'long COVID,' and others don't.
Researchers at University of Copenhagen have developed a new quantum circuit that can operate and measure all four qubits simultaneously. This breakthrough resolves a significant engineering headache in the development of large functional quantum computers.
A new study by Hungarian researchers finds that dogs use complex computations and brain regions similar to humans to learn word boundaries in speech. Dogs can recognize syllable patterning, such as frequent words with consistent syllables, and use this information to extract words from continuous speech.
A team of scientists found that technology adoption as a water-saving method for improving irrigation efficiency is ineffective and can worsen water scarcity. The study suggests that modern irrigation technologies may only achieve a 10-20% saving under ideal conditions.
Researchers will investigate brain circuits involved in the placebo effect and paradoxical kinesia, a phenomenon where Parkinson's patients exhibit normal motor function under specific circumstances. The study aims to identify new locations for deep brain stimulation placement and discover new treatments for Parkinson's disease.
Researchers have identified a complex alloy system that can be strengthened and made more ductile using quantum-mechanical modeling. This breakthrough may lead to more efficient engines, lowering fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation industry.
Two hundred ninety scientific researchers from 46 countries urge the World Trade Organization (WTO) to ban harmful fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing. The signatories cite research showing that such subsidies lead to unsustainable fishing practices, contravening UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.
Researchers from MUSC Hollings Cancer Center, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Winship Cancer Institute discovered that pre-surgical anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is safe and effective for OCSCC patients. The studies identified potential molecular biomarkers in blood and tumors to predict treatment response.
Researchers at California Polytechnic State University found that seagrass loss in Morro Bay led to changes in fish species, with increasing numbers of flatfish like speckled sanddab and staghorn sculpin. The study highlights the importance of protecting remaining seagrass habitats to maintain biodiversity.
A team of physicists and their collaborators created an excitonic wire, a one-dimensional channel for electrically neutral quasiparticles called excitons. This breakthrough could lead to innovative devices that operate at room temperature and replace certain tasks performed by standard transistor technology.
International shipping's current climate targets are too lax, with emissions projected to exceed twice the level compatible with limiting global heating to 1.5 degrees. New research calls for significantly stronger targets by 2030 and zero emissions by 2050.
Researchers at Boston University have developed a new online risk prediction model for breast cancer in Black women, suitable for use in primary care settings. The model is well-calibrated and discriminatory accurate, with the highest accuracy for women under age 40.
A team of researchers has reconstructed the evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies, determining when they first emerged around 200 million years ago. The study provides the most comprehensive divergence time estimates for Odonata to date.
Scientists have developed a method to synthesize nanocrystals in live cells through space-time coupled synthesis, enabling the creation of super biosystems. This approach has been successfully applied to various cell types, including yeast, bacteria, and mammalian cells.