A study by UC San Diego researchers reveals health care facilities serving diverse populations were less likely to administer COVID-19 vaccines during the initial rollout. The findings highlight inequities in vaccine distribution, contradicting national policy goals.
A machine learning algorithm has outperformed astronomers in analyzing microlensing data to find new exoplanets, revealing connections hidden in complex mathematics from general relativity. The AI algorithm uncovered a degeneracy that had been missed by experts, suggesting a broader theory is likely incomplete.
A team of researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute and ETH Zurich have developed a computational approach to identify genomic safe harbors (GSHs) with high potential for safe insertion of therapeutic genes. The study validated two GSH sites in adoptive T cell therapies and in vivo gene therapies for skin diseases.
Large gamma-ray emitting bubbles are produced by fast blowing outward winds and the associated reverse shock. Numerical simulations successfully reproduced the temperature profile observed by an X-ray telescope, supporting this scenario.
M.A.R.V.E.L.'s magnetic soles made of Electro-Permanent Magnet (EPM) and Magneto-Rheological Elastomer (MRE) enable fast movement on uneven surfaces. The robot can climb at speeds of up to 70 cm/s on walls and 50 cm/s on ceilings, making it the world's fastest walking climbing robot.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a novel triple immunotherapy combination targeting checkpoints in T cells and myeloid suppressor cells, improving anti-tumor responses and survival rates in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. The study found that neutralizing specific immunosuppressive mechanisms dramatical...
APS patients often experience internal feelings of poor health despite normal lab values, with significant impairments in physical and cognitive function linked to lifestyle factors and mental health medications. Researchers are now working to better understand these impacts through systematic patient-reported outcomes measures.
Researchers used seafloor video and carbon dating to determine that an underwater landslide scar is too old to be associated with the 1918 earthquake and tsunami. Instead, they propose a rupture of a two-segment fault along the eastern wall of the Mona Rift as the source of the tsunami.
Research finds that black carbon aerosols from South Asia contribute to the melting of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau, reducing precipitation and mass gain. The study reveals a 11% impact on average glacier mass loss in Tibet and 22% in the Himalayas since 2007.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in precision oncology for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, identifying that certain cell surface molecules decrease or are absent in these patients, making them resistant to the new drug enfortumab vedotin.
Researchers discovered that ketamine increases background noise, impairing the function of thalamo-cortical neurons and affecting sensory perception. This finding may contribute to a better understanding of psychosis in schizophrenia.
Researchers developed intelligent programmable meta-imagers that generate learned illumination patterns to pre-select relevant details during measurement, improving high-accuracy sensing with reduced measurements. The system adapts to different types and levels of noise, outperforming conventional compressed sensing.
Researchers genetically engineered mitochondria to convert light energy into chemical energy, increasing ATP production and lifespan by 30-40%. The study provides new insights into mitochondrial function and offers a platform for studying age-related diseases.
Despite a significant increase in integrated plastic surgery residency positions, applications have remained unchanged. The number of applicants per available training slot decreased by about half, making it easier for accepted candidates to secure spots.
The research team proposes a deep learning-based framework that can generate ultrasound holograms in real time, enabling precise and quick beam focusing. This technology has the potential to be used in patient-specific precision brain stimulation and general ultrasound fields.
A US study of 15,000 nursing homes found that pre-Omicron vaccination boosts reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths among residents and staff. Newer variants rendered original vaccine less effective.
Researchers developed an eco-friendly porous polymer material that removes phenolic organic contaminants and microplastics from water at ultra-high speeds. The material can be reused multiple times without losing performance, making it a promising solution for efficient water purification.
Researchers developed predictive models using serum microRNAs to identify patients at risk of requiring early palliative care. The study used serum samples from 178 patients with various types of cancer and found that miRNA-based models had higher accuracy than clinical models in predicting referral to a palliative care unit.
Researchers at WashU Medicine identified a key transition point in the shift from chronic to aggressive leukemia, where blocking a molecule called DUSP6 prevents disease progression. Inhibiting this molecule also reduces inflammation in models of the disease.
A new microresonator technology is being developed to analyze chemicals using light, enabling faster diagnosis of diseases like COVID and diabetes. The device can retain light waves for longer periods, amplifying optical fields and making nonlinear processes easier.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute found that the brain stores information in working memory by making short-lived changes in neural connections, contradicting the traditional idea of sustained neuronal activity. This new insight sheds light on the sophisticated flexibility of thought and its dynamic nature.
Research team led by Prof. Lin Zhuang found that guanine modification boosts CH4 production and suppresses C2 product formation in electrochemical CO2 reduction. The results suggest a direct correlation between surface proton transfer capability and CO2 reduction selectivity.
The study found that ransomware attacks on healthcare organizations have more than doubled, exposing personal health information of nearly 42 million patients. The attacks grew larger in quantity and likelihood to affect large organizations with multiple facilities.
Researchers discovered a point mutation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that leads to a temperature-dependent lengthening of circadian clock periods. The mutation affects the nuclear export signal of the PERIOD protein, resulting in its retention in the cell nucleus at higher temperatures.
A study of 187 cancer patients found that delaying antibiotic treatment past 60 minutes didn't affect their 6-month survival rate. However, factors such as symptom severity and time to hospital admission were associated with increased risk of death.
Patients with cancer are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and worse outcomes than those without cancer. Triple vaccination is associated with a lower risk of poor outcomes in these patients.
Researchers at SUNY Optometry aim to provide a deeper understanding of the biology of myopia, a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide. The study will investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling eye growth and develop new treatments for refractive errors.
A 16-year longitudinal study found associations between DNA methylation-based measures and neuropsychologically-validated cognitive decline in midlife. The results suggest that these measures may serve as biomarkers for a molecular aging mechanism, potentially identifying individuals at risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Researchers at CELIA have developed a laser drilling method that creates elongated, crack-free micro-holes in glass. This breakthrough allows for high-aspect ratio holes with smooth inner walls, enabling new applications in microelectronics.
Researchers demonstrate that a dual-site cooperative catalytic mechanism on Ru-S-C single-atom catalyst significantly enhances electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The Ru/S dual site facilitates the activation and first protonation of N2 in the rate-determining step, leading to improved activity and selectivity.
Macrophage PPARγ acetylation decreases energy expenditure and worsens insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. This impairment promotes macrophage infiltration, adipose fibrosis, and hepatic steatosis.
Researchers developed solid electrolytes with enhanced atmospheric stability, addressing lithium-ion battery safety concerns. The LLZO electrolyte was improved through gallium and tantalum doping, maintaining high conductivity even in air.
A new paper highlights the need for globally harmonized probiotic regulatory approaches, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive genomic characterization. It proposes a risk-tier system based on strain history and genome analysis, recommending more extensive testing for innovative strains before marketing.
Researchers found no evidence of a critical mass needed to start and maintain new research fields. Instead, pioneering regions with early investment can establish dominance. However, late-comers face significant costs to catch up, as seen in China's semiconductor science, where strategic interventions over decades led to a dominant role.
The National Cancer Institute has approved atezolizumab, an immunotherapy drug, for the treatment of adults and children with advanced alveolar soft part sarcoma. The approval is based on a phase 2 trial that showed significant tumor shrinkage in about a third of patients.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated that human brain organoids implanted in mice can establish functional connectivity and respond to external sensory stimuli, including visual cues. The breakthrough uses a combination of transparent graphene microelectrode arrays and two-photon imaging, enabling real-time observation of neural ...
A recent study at the University of Helsinki found that singing-based group rehabilitation can increase communication and speech production in stroke survivors, while also reducing social isolation. The study's results suggest that this type of rehabilitation could be a valuable addition to existing aphasia treatment protocols.
Researchers developed a mathematical model of bacterial movement that includes cell division and death. The model predicts bacteria can form colonies through travelling waves of concentrated 'packages' of bacteria.
A team of researchers from top institutions has launched the SenNet Consortium to study senescent cells, which may contribute to aging and age-related diseases. The study aims to identify potential therapies that can remove senescent cells and improve human health as we age.
The study identifies four key drivers of political violence in the United States: toxic polarization, identity-based ideologies, erosion of democratic norms, and disinformation. These drivers contribute to increased acceptance of political violence and undermine democratic institutions.
A new form of thin-film device technology using alternative semiconductor materials could contribute to a more sustainable IoT. Wireless power harvesting from the environment using photovoltaic cells and RF energy harvesters is being explored.
A study found nearly one-fourth of breast cancer patients experience reconstructive burnout, characterized by incomplete or abandoned breast reconstruction. Risk factors include radiation therapy, higher body mass index, and tissue expander complications.
A recent study found that the APOBEC3G enzyme can cause numerous mutations in bladder tumor cells, leading to increased malignancy and mortality. The research suggests that this enzyme could be a potential target for cancer treatment strategies.
Researchers demonstrated high-visibility quantum interference between two independent semiconductor quantum dots, an important step toward scalable quantum networks. The observed interference visibility is up to 93%, paving the way for solid-state quantum networks with distances over 300 km.
Researchers developed a transparent temperature sensor that can measure rapid temperature changes in less than a few milliseconds. The sensor uses the thermoelectric effect and achieves high transparency, making it suitable for various photothermal bioengineering and medical applications.
Researchers identified seven exotic igneous clasts in Chang'e-5 samples, providing critical information about the Moon's lithological diversity and regolith gardening process. The findings indicate that there are still unknown geological units on the moon, which may aid future lunar exploration missions.
Researchers found that pyrethroid derivatives induce autophagy, increase reactive oxygen intermediates, and alter membrane fluidity in human primary cells. These findings suggest a potential risk for malignancies and highlight the need for further investigation into pyrethroid-related cancer risks.
A study of 578 mental health apps found that most offered basic features like psychoeducation and goal tracking, but fewer innovative features like biofeedback or specialized therapies. Privacy concerns remained a significant issue, with app popularity metrics providing little help in identifying more private apps.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, state-level cigarette sales varied significantly across the US. The analysis found lower per capita sales in eight states and higher sales in 22 states compared to expected levels. These findings may be related to differences in state responses to the pandemic and tobacco control policies.
Researchers at Hokkaido University identify a nerve pathway in the brain stem involved in processing rewarding and distressing stimuli, opposing a previously identified pathway. This finding could lead to developing drug treatments for mental disorders like addiction and major depression.
Researchers discovered a new situation where vertical perception is compromised - when the body pitches and moves at the same time. In real-world experiments on Hong Kong's Peak Tram, they found that participants misjudged their perceived verticality by up to 10 degrees.
Researchers found a significant association between restricting abortion access and increased suicide rates among women of reproductive age. The study's findings have clinical, policy, and ethical implications, highlighting the need for healthcare providers to approach suicide risk classification in this demographic differently.
Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) show high intrinsic electrocatalytic activities on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thanks to their unique electronic structures and properties. Recent strategies like facet, alloying, doping, vacancy, heterostructure, and hybridization have improved TMN performances.
Researchers reveal how cells use their sense of touch to make vital decisions during embryogenesis, including testing the surroundings and sensing tissue architecture. The study provides new insights into cell communication and may lead to the development of more robust synthetic tissues in tissue engineering.
Scientists at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified distinct patterns of cytokine and granzyme expression in tissue-resident memory T cells, highlighting their complex biology. These findings pave the way for a new branch of precision therapeutics targeting infection, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers from Okayama University found that Actinidia arguta (Sarunashi) juice and its component isoquercetin inhibit lung cancer development in mice, accelerating DNA repair and suppressing Akt-mediated growth signaling. The study suggests Sarunashi juice as an attractive candidate for chemoprevention.
Researchers at the University of Basel have calculated that Andermatt-Sedrun-Disentis ski resort's 100-day ski season is unlikely by 2100 due to warmer winters. Water consumption for snowmaking will increase significantly, with an average winter requiring 540 million liters of water.
A team of researchers has identified a protein called hemopexin that may help protect the heart from damage caused by anthracycline chemotherapy. Levels of hemopexin in the blood were associated with increased cardiac toxicity, but administering hemopexin prevented the development of cardiac dysfunction in mice.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology has found that the unique checkerboard pattern of cells in the organ of Corti is essential for proper hearing. The researchers discovered that when hair cells adhere to each other abnormally, it leads to apoptosis and a decrease in hair cell numbers, resulting in h...
Pediatric mental health emergency department visits are rising, driven by markers of disease severity and healthcare access issues. Targeted hospital and community interventions can help mitigate recurrent visits and improve mental health care delivery.