Research led by Penn State found that low-severity fire treatments reduced the worst effects of the Dixie Fire. The study also showed that areas with a history of high-severity fires were more likely to burn at high severity again, highlighting the importance of ecological memory and legacy effects of past fires.
A three-year study found that telehealth consultations with a pediatric infectious disease specialist reduced antibiotic usage in 8 Texas nurseries serving rural and medically underserved areas by 32%. The consultations helped healthcare providers make more informed decisions about when to use antibiotics, ensuring the proper balance b...
Rapid seed dispersal by hornets is essential for the short-lived seeds of Aquilaria sinensis due to their vulnerability to desiccation. The hornets consume fruit elaiosomes and deposit seeds in damp shade, allowing germination.
Researchers developed a new spatial light modulation strategy incorporating dual epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effects in a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor nano-capacitor. This design enables broadband electro-optic modulation by manipulating permittivity crossover wavelengths via external voltage biasing.
Scientists have discovered a new, extremely faint galaxy named Pegasus V, located on the outskirts of Andromeda. The dwarf galaxy is believed to be one of the oldest in the universe, with its stars forming over 13 billion years ago.
A new study published in PLOS Biology found that IVF embryos often undergo genetic and metabolic changes that inhibit development. The researchers discovered that certain embryos enter a senescent-like state, but treating them with resveratrol can help overcome this arrest and promote further development.
The Emu project effectively identifies bacterial species by leveraging long DNA sequences spanning the entire length of the gene under study. This approach facilitates the analysis of key genes in microbiome researchers' efforts to sort out harmful and helpful bacteria.
A comprehensive protocol for analysing nanomaterials has been introduced to support their safe use in various industries. The protocol allows researchers to determine and quantify metal-bearing nanomaterials in biological tissues and cells at trace-level concentrations.
Researchers found traces of plastics in over half of the species examined, including polyester, polyethylene, and polynorbornene. Four out of seven species, such as European hedgehogs and field voles, were identified as 'plastic positive', highlighting potential impacts on conservation status.
Researchers developed a one-step ball milling method to enhance h-BN's solubility and create freestanding thin films. Femtosecond laser processing introduces oxidation, increasing the material's third-order nonlinear optical properties. This enables precise control and operation of light at micro/nano scales for various applications.
Research from RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences found a link between high von Willebrand Factor levels and poorer breast cancer outcomes. High levels in the bloodstream can increase the risk of life-threatening blood clots and cancer spread in patients.
Researchers developed a soft miniaturized implantable nerve cooling system that provides targeted and reversible pain relief through liquid-to-gas phase transition. The device offers real-time temperature monitoring and control, making it a potential game changer for long-term pain management.
Researchers found global redistribution of histone H3 modifications with time, particularly in intergenic regions and near transcription start sites. Caloric restriction diet feeding reduced the extent of changes occurring during the first year of life in these genomic regions.
Researchers have discovered a small group of neurons in the ventral tegmental area that detects stress after social defeat and induces restorative sleep. This process alleviates stress levels and mitigates stress-induced anxiety in mice, restoring mental and body functions.
A team of scientists at DGIST successfully visualized unstable radical states and identified electron transfer paths through structural analysis. The new MOF, 'DGIST-4,' can be controlled by various external stimuli, including X-rays, ultraviolet rays, and heat.
Researchers developed a technology that uses surviving neurons to restore connection between brain and arm via specific stimulation pulses to the spinal cord. This allowed macaque monkeys with partial arm paralysis to improve precision, force, and range of movement in their arms.
A new study reveals that oxidative damage to telomeres can trigger cellular senescence, leading to the development of 'zombie cells'. Researchers found that damage at telomeres disrupts DNA replication and induces stress signaling pathways, contributing to age-related diseases.
New research reveals UV disinfection can form trihalomethane disinfection byproducts from halobenzoquinones, posing a risk to public health and the environment. The study found UV enhances THM formation yield by nearly 10 times, highlighting the need for further investigation into combined UV/chlorine processes.
The article discusses the principle of inkjet printing technique and its application on micro-display for AR/VR, highlighting the advantages of super inkjet printing technology. It also explores the non-radiation energy transfer mechanism and color conversion efficiency in color conversion layer for micro-LED displays.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that lactated Ringer solution is a safer and more effective alternative to normal saline as an IV fluid for emergency department and hospital patients, reducing the risk of kidney injury by 2.2%.
Researchers at Osaka University have successfully created a miniature magnetosphere using lasers, directly measuring pure electron outflows associated with magnetic reconnection. This breakthrough sheds light on the microscopic electron dynamics driving space and astrophysical phenomena.
Researchers found that progesterone levels can affect smoking cessation success in women. By timing a quit attempt during the low-to-high increase of progesterone, women may be able to achieve higher abstinence rates and reduce withdrawal symptoms.
Researchers found dengue and Zika viruses increase acetophenone production in infected hosts, making them more attractive to mosquitoes. Treatment with acne medication reduces this effect, potentially mitigating virus spread.
A research group has discovered that a coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus, kills non-pathogenic competitors in the coral microbiota through prophage induction. This process involves the generation of hydrogen peroxide, which eliminates harmless bacteria and allows the pathogen to outcompete and colonize the coral.
The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano eruption created the largest recorded volcanic explosion, producing massive gravity and atmospheric waves that reverberated around the earth. The study, published in Nature, highlights the importance of this event for improving weather and climate models.
Researchers found that infected mice and humans emit a specific molecule, acetophenone, which attracts mosquitoes. This altered scent allows the viruses to spread faster. A potential preventative, isotretinoin, was also tested and shown to reduce mosquito attraction.
A recent study published in Science Advances provides an unprecedented picture of sea level over the past 4,000 years, highlighting that modern sea level rise is anomalous and likely driven by greenhouse gas warming. The research uses precise uranium-series dates on speleothem samples to estimate global mean sea level during this period.
The Active Transportation Return on Investment Study found positive effects on business activity in retail and food sectors, benefiting areas outside of downtown Portland. The research team evaluated 12 projects constructed between 2001 and 2016 and recommended investments for Metro's Regional Flexible Funding Allocations.
A new study led by UCL and King's College London researchers found that adolescents are three times more likely to develop a cannabis addiction than adults. However, they do not appear to be at increased risk of subclinical depression or anxiety. In contrast, adult users who become addicted may experience worsening mental health symptoms.
Researchers at University of Basel found that the sight and smell of a meal stimulate an inflammatory response in the brain, which affects insulin secretion. In overweight individuals, this response is excessive and can impair insulin function.
The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has three key measures to support biodiversity: Cross Compliance, Agri-Environment-Climate Measures, and Greening. Despite these measures, farmland biodiversity is still declining. A study by over 300 scientists recommends six guiding principles to improve the CAP for better biodiversity outcomes.
Researchers have discovered eight potential leukemia-killing compounds that target mitochondria, inducing mitophagy to weaken cancer cells. The compounds showed significant synergy with existing chemotherapy drugs, offering a deadly one-two punch against leukemia.
A recent study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology found that COVID-19 vaccines significantly reduced severe disease cases across all BMI groups. Vaccine effectiveness was slightly lower in underweight individuals, but substantial reductions in risk were observed for those with healthy weights and higher BMIs.
The global contrast media shortage has affected millions of diagnostic imaging examinations and requires immediate attention. Researchers propose several methods to conserve contrast media, including weight-based dosing and adjusting CT settings.
Experts outline a framework for treating cancer pain in patients with opioid use disorder or prescription opioid misuse. The study highlights the need for better integration of addiction treatment in cancer care, particularly prescribing methadone and buprenorphine.
Femtosecond laser processing has been shown to produce regular and deep nanostructures with improved efficiency compared to long-pulse lasers. The research group developed a new pulse-shaping system to enhance periodic deposition of laser energy, reduce residual heat, and avoid debris on the ablation spots.
A cutting-edge AI system that mimics human gaze has been created by Cardiff University researchers. The system accurately predicts where humans are most likely to look in an image, with potential applications in robotics, multimedia communication, video surveillance, automated image editing, and medical diagnostics.
Researchers have developed a novel process converting methane into liquid methanol at ambient temperature and pressure using visible light. The method uses a continuous flow of methane/oxygen-saturated water over a novel metal-organic framework (MOF) catalyst, achieving 100% selectivity with no by-products.
Researchers analyzed stored blood samples from infected men and found significant age acceleration in DNA epigenetic measures and telomere shortening. The study demonstrates HIV's substantial impact on the body's aging processes within two to three years of infection.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley Lab have found a way to generate an alternative jet fuel by harvesting an unusual carbon molecule produced by soil-dwelling bacteria. The fuel, which works similarly to biodiesel, has the potential to be powerful enough to send a rocket into space.
Researchers found that tumour stem cells with Mex3a protein activity remain in a latent state, conferring resistance to chemotherapy. After treatment, these cells are reactivated, leading to cancer relapse. Removing the Mex3a gene makes colorectal cancer cells highly sensitive to chemotherapy.
The New England Center of Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases aims to reduce tick- and mosquito-borne diseases through research, training, and community engagement. The center will leverage applied research, public health training, and community partnerships to prevent and control vector-borne diseases.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a thermochemical recycling method that produces gas containing carbon atoms from mixed waste, which can be used to create new plastic products. The process eliminates the need for fossil raw materials and achieves negative emissions.
Researchers at Kyoto University discovered a unique subpopulation of resident fibroblasts that produce erythropoietin, a hormone critical for oxygen delivery in the kidneys. This 'crack team' of kidney cells has been found to play a crucial role in disease recovery and may hold new avenues for treatment.
Researchers found that different lineages of Cryptosporidium parvum are increasingly exchanging their DNA, which helps the parasite evolve faster and potentially result in more virulent strains. The study suggests that globalization and close contact with animals increase the rate of genetic exchange.
A new simulation approach for 3D-AFM imaging has been developed to tackle complex systems not in equilibrium. This enables the study of biologically relevant systems like biomolecules and biopolymers. The method uses the Jarzynski equality to calculate force-distance curves, reproducing internal structures and fiber features.
A Yale study found that living through extended droughts increases diarrhea risk among children, even with adequate sanitation. Climate change is projected to exacerbate this issue, highlighting the need for improved water and hygiene infrastructure.
Research suggests climate-driven changes in seawater density may disrupt mangrove dispersal patterns worldwide, particularly in the Indo-West Pacific region. The study, published in Nature Climate Change, highlights the importance of considering oceanic factors in understanding mangrove response to climate change.
Researchers at New York University have created artificial Hox genes using synthetic DNA technology and genomic engineering in stem cells. The findings confirm that clusters of Hox genes help cells learn and remember where they are in the body, with no other genes needed to be present.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that astronauts who spent six months in space experienced significant bone loss upon their return to Earth, with weight-bearing bones only partially recovering. The researchers discovered that the bone loss was comparable to decades of age-related bone loss on Earth.
Researchers analyzed the catastrophic failure of Japan's Misasa Railroad Bridge, revealing that flood hydrodynamic forces exceeded seismic design standards by nearly double. The study recommends increasing space under bridges to reduce submersion and designing structures to withstand overflow.
Researchers found a sharp spike in wildfire activity during the end-Permian mass extinction, which led to the collapse of entire ecosystems. The study highlights the potential for wildfires as a direct driver of extinction, rather than just a symptom of climate change.
A new study found that hospitals can reduce excessive opioid prescribing by implementing an evidence-based default setting for opioid prescriptions written in electronic health records. The study showed that patients who received a standard prescription size with a lower default dose of opioids had similar pain control, but took home f...
Researchers at NC State University discovered that a maize gene called HPC1 helps plants adapt to high altitudes and cold temperatures. The gene originated from teosinte mexicana and has been retained in modern-day corn, allowing it to thrive in challenging environments.
A new approach to developing flood maps uses confidence intervals to capture the uncertainty in flood predictions, providing a more realistic depiction of flood zones. This simplified method is more accessible and cost-effective than traditional methods, producing acceptable results with less effort and lower costs.
Researchers at DGIST have created a new energy-generating device using biocompatible materials that can harness electrical energy from small movements of the human body. The developed device boasts an ultra-thin film design and achieves the world's highest energy conversion efficiency at 18.85%, making it suitable for long-term power s...
Researchers have compared two promising electrolyte systems for lithium-sulfur batteries: highly solvating and sparingly solvating electrolytes. The study suggests that each system excels in different applications, with HSEs suitable for high-power demands and SSEs better suited for long-life cycles.
A study of 17 international astronauts found that resistance-based exercises could help prevent bone loss and promote bone formation during spaceflight. The researchers observed that astronauts on longer missions showed less bone recovery, but those who completed more in-flight deadlift training recovered better.
A new study at the University of Eastern Finland shows that digital entrepreneurship requires building diverse networks, transparency, and courage to adapt. The research developed a digitalisation-driven networking model based on network and effectuation theory, offering insights for inexperienced digital entrepreneurs.
A review paper highlights the relationships between soil pollution and human health, with a particular focus on cardiovascular disease. Soil pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and plastics can damage cardiovascular health through inflammation and disrupting the body's natural clock.