A new study found that low-income Canadians are nearly four times more likely to be hospitalized and end up in emergency departments due to opioid use. The study also shows a significant gap in opioid-related deaths between low-income and high-income Canadians, with those living in lower-income areas still at higher risk.
Scientists have discovered a new species of pitcher plant that operates underground, catching prey in the soil. The Nepenthes pudica species has modified leaves known as pitfall traps, which are formed in cavities or directly in the soil.
Scientists studied oxygen isotopes in lava samples from the Fagradalsfjall eruption to understand magma sources and mantle dynamics. The research revealed diverse mantle components with uniform oxygen isotope ratios, shedding light on Iceland's geology and refining mantle models.
Researchers found enteric viruses like noroviruses replicate in the salivary glands of mice and can be transmitted through their saliva, potentially explaining high infection rates worldwide. This discovery could lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for diseases caused by these viruses.
A new study from the University at Buffalo found that women in their first year of college can use friends-based strategies to reduce the risk of nonconsensual sexual acts. The most widely reported protective strategies included sticking together, checking on each other, and leaving social gatherings together.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology found that biochemical failure is not a reliable surrogate endpoint for overall survival in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. The researchers recommend considering metastasis-free survival (MFS) as the best surrogate endpoint for overall survival in this population.
Researchers have identified a family of proteins called PIN-FORMED as essential for auxin transport, guiding plant growth and development. The discovery provides the first structural basis of auxin transport by PIN proteins and sheds light on how herbicides can be recognized by these proteins.
The use of computational tools and new strategies is transforming drug discovery, enabling researchers to navigate the vast chemical space more efficiently. Companies are leveraging virtual libraries of compounds and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning to optimize screens and identify promising leads.
Researchers have discovered a key protein regulating pancreatic cancer cell growth and spread, which can be manipulated to reverse the process. Boosting levels of GREM1 has been shown to turn back aggressive tumours, making them easier to treat.
A new study suggests that outsourcing NHS services to the private sector is associated with a decline in healthcare quality, leading to increased deaths from treatable causes. The analysis of over 12,700 files revealed a link between increased privatization and higher rates of treatable mortality.
A laboratory study published in PNAS found that SARS-CoV-2 virus can lose 90% of its infectivity when in aerosol particles within 20 minutes. The loss is strongly dependent on low relative humidity and pH, with a decrease in airborne infectivity observed at levels below 50%.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation proposes a screening strategy to identify women at high risk of hip fracture, which could lead to a reduction in treatment gaps and improved identification of fractures. The approach combines low-cost assessment with targeted intervention using low-cost generic treatments.
A recent study from Penn State's Center for Childhood Obesity Research found that second-born children in families where mothers received responsive parenting training slept an average of 40 minutes longer per night. The training also promoted healthier feeding practices and lower body mass indices (BMIs) in infants.
Researchers report that apratoxin S4, an anticancer drug candidate, can interfere with viral replication in human cells. The compound was effective against multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, and Zika virus. Further studies are needed to confirm its potential as a broadly acting antiviral.
A study published in Neurology found that postmenopausal women have more white matter hyperintensities than premenopausal women or men of the same age. Researchers also discovered that menopause accelerates the increase in brain biomarkers, which may be linked to an increased risk of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive decline.
Following the leaked SCOTUS draft ruling, internet searches for abortion medication increased by 350,000 during the first week of May. These searches were more prevalent in states with restrictive reproductive rights.
Researchers discovered a bacterial enzyme that enabled the evolution of longhorned beetles to break down complex plant cell wall components. The study found that gene duplication played a key role in increasing the diversity and specificity of these enzymes.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University developed a biomarker that combines genetic features and brain MRI data to predict the future conversion to Alzheimer's disease. This combination improves the performance in predicting dementia progression, especially for patients with mild cognitive impairment.
A study published in Labour Economics found that US workers who work alongside industrial robots are more likely to suffer from adverse mental health effects, including substance abuse and increased suicide rates. In contrast, German workers saw no significant mental-health change when exposed to robotics.
Researchers found a protein in eye fluid linked to disease progression in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. Measuring its levels can accurately predict treatment needs, allowing for safe reduction or cessation of therapies.
A long-term study reveals that changes in sea urchin behavior, rather than population size, drove the destruction and recovery of kelp forests. Sea urchins moved from crevices to forage on kelp, leading to denuded 'urchin barrens' before recovering at sites with reduced kelp productivity.
A large-scale study on women's anal pleasure found three distinct techniques - Anal Surfacing, Anal Shallowing, and Anal Pairing - that many women find pleasurable. This discovery aims to improve women's sexual agency, advocacy, and pleasure by providing a more nuanced understanding of female experience.
Cancer cells with high mitochondrial RNA modifications have increased protein synthesis in mitochondria, supporting their invasive spread. A specific enzyme, NSUN3, is responsible for these modifications and serves as a biomarker for metastatic tumours.
A NUS study highlights the crucial role of maternal genes in genetic diseases in children, shedding new light on previously unsolved conditions. The researchers found that SMCHD1 protein from mothers controls gene expression in offspring, leading to skeletal defects.
Researchers at Georgia State University developed a personalized treatment to prevent ulcerative colitis in mice by modifying gut microbiota. The study found that orally administering metabolites from treated microbiota provided strong protection against chronic inflammation.
A recent study published in Circulation Journal Report reveals that only 20% of U.S. adults and children have ideal cardiovascular health. The Life's Essential 8 checklist, updated by the American Heart Association, assesses heart health through eight key components, including diet, physical activity, and sleep duration.
A team of ecologists from CU museum identified over 7,000 organisms, mostly bacteria, in the guts of Rocky Mountain snails collected between 1920 and 2018. The findings show that microbiomes can offer insights into how animals interacted with their environments centuries ago.
Researchers found eligible younger Americans (45-54) are less likely to meet recommended colorectal cancer screening guidelines due to work, family, insurance, and healthcare barriers. These disparities may worsen as the age group is expanded under new USPSTF recommendations.
A recent study found that half of patients in East London regularly see the same GP, a crucial factor in better patient outcomes. The researchers highlight the need for policymakers to measure and incentivize continuity of care to improve health outcomes.
A new study from the University of Bergen analyzed drug decisions in Norway between 2014 and 2019, using confidential drug prices. The researchers found that coverage decisions align with priority setting criteria, accepting higher costs for more severe diseases.
Researchers at Keck School of Medicine of USC found that extreme heat and air pollution coincide to increase mortality risk by 21%. Deaths due to cardiovascular and respiratory conditions also increased significantly on days with both extreme heat and air pollution.
A review of 18 studies suggests that long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur in indoor settings, particularly with poor ventilation. The evidence supports the role of mitigation measures, such as adequate ventilation, to prevent transmission.
A study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters found a spike in acetaminophen concentrations in wastewater preceded a surge in COVID-19 cases. The detection of pharmaceuticals could complement existing efforts to monitor viral RNA, providing a more comprehensive understanding of disease outbreaks.
Researchers found high mortality rates in the Midwest/northeastern Great Lakes region and lower risk counties in western/southwestern areas. The study highlights regions warranting further investigation and preventive interventions to address the increasing burden of young-onset colorectal cancer.
A multidisciplinary study of Roman period wine jars reveals the use of native grapes for wine production and foreign pine for waterproofing tar pitch. The analysis provides insight into the cultural practices of ancient winemakers in coastal Italy.
A University of Washington study found that Pacific salmon in larger groups have lower predation risk, but may trade safety for food. The researchers analyzed historical data on fish catches and predator wounds to estimate group size and predation risk, revealing the benefits and costs of schooling in marine fish.
A study by Charité researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 causes limited direct tissue damage, instead triggering an inflammatory response through alveolar macrophages. This suggests that most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection show relatively moderate disease severity.
Researchers at Hokkaido University identified over 1,300 types of ceramides in the top layer of human skin, including their chain lengths and fatty acid compositions. The discovery could improve understanding of skin barrier function and disease pathology.
A new study found that post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for heart failure among patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. POAF may be an early marker for heart failure, and its presence could contribute to the development of the condition.
The new guidelines emphasize the importance of a 'cat-friendly' approach to care, reducing stress and creating positive associations through gentle handling, comfortable bedding, and calm interactions. Regular offering of food and careful feeding techniques are also crucial for managing inappetence and promoting recovery.
A study on harbour crabs reveals that changes in oceanographic fronts alter gene structure, affecting connectivity among populations. The research provides data to improve conservation policies for these crustaceans.
A large multicenter trial found no difference in intubation requirement between awake prone positioning and standard positioning for COVID-19 patients. The study included 400 patients who required oxygen therapy, but the prone positioning strategy did not significantly reduce the risk of intubation or mortality.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 52 studies found that electronic noses can accurately detect volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath for cancer diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy varied across studies, with some showing high sensitivity and specificity.
The MedSENS instrument measures body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation from the ear canal using innovative sensors. It has been tested in harsh environments and proven to be easy to use, with its data transmitted wirelessly to other devices.
A UC San Diego study reveals six overarching themes contributing to physician job stress and suicide, including physical health deterioration and financial stress. The research calls for short-term solutions like improved access to primary care and long-term changes to address workplace culture and self-care.
Researchers found that dogs derive ancestry from at least two separate wolf populations, an eastern source and a more westerly source. The study, published in Nature, analyzed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years and suggests that domestication occurred in multiple places.
A new open-path mid-infrared spectrometer can precisely measure isotopologue ratios in atmospheric water vapor in under 15 minutes, offering improved accuracy for climate change modeling and air quality monitoring. The instrument's dual-comb technique enables spatially resolved studies of water vapor transport over natural ecosystems.
Research finds that up-tempo major mode music can increase purchase intentions for green products, bridging the gap between consumers' words and deeds. Major mode music is effective in reducing the attitude-behaviour gap by 40-50%, regardless of consumer background or product type.
Researchers at UC Berkeley created a new type of semiconductor laser that maintains a single mode while scaling up in size and power. This breakthrough enables more powerful and coherent lasers for various applications, including fiber optic communications and biometric identification systems.
Researchers have discovered microbes in groundwater that can produce carbon at rates similar to those found in some ocean waters. These microorganisms thrive in the absence of light and use oxidizing compounds from surrounding rocks for energy.
A study by CIBER Consortium found that centenarians' offspring share a unique genetic footprint, exhibiting lower rates of age-related pathologies and frailty. The research used genetic analysis to compare the offspring of centenarians with those of non-centenarians, revealing similarities in gene expression patterns.
Researchers found that factory-calibrated continuous glucose monitors are sufficiently accurate for estimating blood-sugar levels in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. The devices showed 'clinical reliability', with almost 99% of readings accurate enough to be used without confirmatory fingerstick blood sugar readings.
A new atlas of tissue-resident memory T cells reveals their adaptation to distinct tissue environments, offering insights into immune defense strategies. The study's findings could inform the development of targeted vaccines and therapies, leveraging 'first responders' in tissues vulnerable to infection.
This survey study examined associations between demographic and clinical variables and eczema burden in adults. Key findings include identifying factors contributing to eczema severity, which can inform targeted interventions.
Research by University of Cambridge academics found that children as old as five or six struggle to reconcile inference and perspective, leading to difficulties in conversations. Combining these skills is crucial for understanding 'implicatures' - inferences made in conversation when people mean more than they say.
A 5-tiered CT scoring algorithm, including mass-to-cortex corticomedullary attenuation ratio and heterogeneity score, showed substantial inter-observer agreement and moderate diagnostic accuracy for clear-cell RCC. The algorithm may represent a clinically useful tool for diagnosis in small solid renal masses.
A study found that younger U.S. adults are less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer despite being eligible under new guidelines, with greater disparities observed across race, ethnicity, income, education, and insurance coverage. Screening participation increased over time but was smallest among individuals age 50-54.
A study of remote Papua New Guinea communities suggests that major chords and melodies do not universally elicit a happier response, contradicting long-held assumptions. The findings highlight the cultural variability in emotional responses to music.
The European Federation for Science Journalism announces the judging panel for its 2022 Climate Investigation Grant, comprising journalist and scientist experts in climate change and storytelling. The grant aims to support ambitious field investigations on climate topics across eight European countries.
A Moffitt study shows that adaptive therapy using abiraterone improves patient outcomes and reduces care costs. The approach delays treatment withdrawal to prevent resistant cells from proliferating, leading to longer median time to progression and overall survival.