Students who used at least one self-control strategy had higher SAT scores and spent more time practicing than those relying on pure willpower. The study suggests that helping students employ self-control strategies could be a cost-effective way to boost their scores.
A study of 7,109 Americans found small shifts in personality traits between pre-pandemic and 2022, with younger adults showing disrupted maturity. The changes were about one-tenth of a standard deviation and suggest that population-wide stressful events can slightly bend the trajectory of personality.
A study analyzing 1,050 medical industry payments found significant disparities in compensation between male and female physicians, persisting across specialties and academic ranks. The healthcare industry gender payment gap increased from 2013 to 2019, with wider gaps observed in 2019.
A recent grant will fund a project developing new hardware for machine learning, aiming to curb unsustainable energy use in AI systems. The new algorithms being developed are made available to the research community and compatible with an openly shared computing platform.
Researchers developed an algorithm to decode brain scans and identify epilepsy types based on electrical signal patterns. The Cumulative Sharp Count and areas under spike and sharp curves were used as parameters to detect epilepsy, with high accuracy rates in blind validation studies.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have found a molecule called TMAO that helps marine organisms withstand high pressure in the deep oceans. The study used neutron scattering to analyze how TMAO strengthens and stabilizes the hydrogen bonding in water molecules, allowing them to resist extreme pressure.
The Center for Health Equity Research at NAU has received a $21 million grant from NIH to continue its work on health disparities among diverse populations. The grant will fund dozens of projects over five years, focusing on increasing basic research opportunities and access to resources for underrepresented communities.
A new study found that dogs can differentiate between breath and sweat samples from people before and after a stress-inducing task with an accuracy of 93.75%. The researchers believe that dogs are able to detect changes in volatile organic compounds produced by humans in response to stress.
A recent study by the University of Plymouth and international partners reveals that rapid sea temperature drops of up to 10 degrees were a primary cause of a devastating coral die-off event in Costa Rica's Eastern Tropical Pacific. The research highlights the importance of considering upwellings when managing reef systems, and propose...
A VCU-led study found that evangelical Christians who sought information from their religious leaders were less likely to get vaccinated, while those who spoke with a health care provider were more likely. The study highlights the influence of faith-based and healthcare providers on vaccine decision-making.
Cornell researchers have helped NASA's Dragonfly mission prepare for a smooth landing on Saturn's moon Titan by analyzing radar images of the Selk crater region. The team characterized the landscape, gauging the rim height of the crater and understanding its geology.
A new drug capsule developed at MIT may be able to replace injections for biologic drugs by tunneling through the mucus barrier in the small intestine. The capsule's robotic cap spins and displaces mucus, allowing drugs to pass into cells lining the intestine.
Edward Chouchani, PhD, and Ömer Yilmaz, MD, PhD, will use the BIG Award to investigate redox active metabolites' role in longevity and age, and their impact on intestinal stem cells. Their research may lead to new therapeutics targeting human aging and healthspan.
Researchers survey recent progress in fabricating, investigating the properties and applications of 2D van der Waals heterostructures. These materials exhibit exotic physical properties and device performance beyond their constituent layers.
A recent study published in Science Translational Medicine has found that supporting emotional connections between mothers and their premature infants can significantly improve brain development in these babies. The researchers measured the brain network functions of premature infants at term age after receiving either standard care or...
Researchers developed a biosensor that can detect brain cancer from minute blood samples using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The test distinguishes primary brain tumors from secondary tumors and predicts tumor location within the brain with high accuracy.
A One Health approach is vital for sustainably feeding a growing population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. The approach balances the health of people, animals, and ecosystems to optimize net benefits from plant protection.
Researchers have designed a flexible Ni//Zn battery with an electrochromic material that changes color to indicate residual electricity levels. The battery uses a NiCo bimetallic hydroxide electrode and features smart functionality for visually monitoring its state.
Researchers have isolated a new fungus, Beauveria caledonica, that can be used for biological control of banana borers and Fusarium wilt, two major threats to tropical and subtropical crops. The fungus produces a secondary compound called oosporein, which intensifies its action against the disease.
A University of Kansas paleontologist is using a 3-million-year-old fossil record to predict the future of Western Atlantic mollusk species. By analyzing the fossil record, the researcher hopes to identify biological and behavioral traits that gave some species evolutionary success and others extinction.
Researchers at UC San Diego's Q-MEEN-C are exploring quantum materials for neuromorphic computing, which could lead to faster, smaller, and more energy-efficient devices. The center aims to develop brain-like networks and pattern recognition capabilities with minimal energy input.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a novel 2-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging system that can detect basal cell carcinoma with perfect accuracy and squamous cell carcinoma with high accuracy. The system shortens the biopsy process to two minutes, enabling immediate treatment decisions for patients.
Researchers found that air pollutants, particularly fine particles and nitrogen dioxide, increase the risk of COVID-19 hospitalizations up to 30% in vaccinated individuals. Long-term exposure also worsens outcomes, even among those fully vaccinated, highlighting the importance of improving indoor air quality.
Researchers observed a short-term 'seesaw' phenomenon in haze pollution over the North China Plain, with periods of high pollution followed by low haze levels. The study suggests that sudden changes in atmospheric movement linked to abnormal sea surface temperatures are responsible for this behavior.
A Danish study reveals that nearly half of the population is unaware of woody biomass as an energy source, highlighting a need for public engagement on its sustainability. The study also shows strong public concerns over biodiversity and climate change, emphasizing the importance of adapting policies to minimize environmental costs.
A study by IMIBIC and UCO found that brain-regulated microRNAs influence reproductive capacity in males and females. The researchers discovered that microRNAs are crucial for Kiss1 neurons, essential for proper pubertal activation and adult reproduction.
Researchers found that all mind-body practices led to significant reductions in blood sugar levels, with yoga providing the largest benefit. The study suggests that these practices could be used as a complementary nonpharmacological treatment or preventive measure for type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Columbia Engineering created a compostable bioleather with superior flame-retardance and low environmental impact. The microbial nanocellulose (MC) bioleather has a significantly smaller carbon footprint than synthetic leather or cotton, making it an attractive alternative to traditional leather.
Researchers found that proteins coalesce into a liquid droplet to process and relay information in stem cells, which could be a target for cancer therapies. The droplet's unique structure enables efficient processing of proteins, making it a crucial component in cancer development.
Researchers found molecular mechanisms of brain development during early life influence obesity risk, with epigenetic maturation playing a key role. The study suggests prevention efforts targeting developmental processes could help stop the worldwide obesity epidemic.
A recent study found that 38% of people with cardiovascular disease were food insecure in 2017-2018, more than doubling from two decades earlier. Food insecurity exacerbates existing racial and ethnic health disparities and can lead to increased risk for cardiometabolic risk factors.
A US cohort study suggests that maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy may be associated with increased risk of sleep and attentional problems in offspring at age 3. The study found a potential link between acetaminophen exposure and neurobehavioral issues in children.
Researchers found a significant association between pre-existing mental health conditions and increased risk of postoperative complications following gender-affirming surgery. The study suggests that existing social determinants of health disparities may contribute to these outcomes, emphasizing the need for improved follow-up care.
The Peking University research group has released the first open-source dataset, CircuitNet, for machine learning applications in electronic design automation. The dataset provides holistic support for cross-stage prediction tasks and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of ML-based techniques.
A new study by UCLA climate scientist Karen McKinnon found that the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave was roughly a once-in-10,000-years event. The research analyzed historical trends and climate model simulations, concluding that climate change is increasing heat waves and average summer temperatures at the same pace.
A recent survey found that 99% of Black men in online dating reported encountering racialized sexual discrimination. Men who primarily used Grindr reported more frequent instances of white men rejecting them due to their skin color, while those who used Jack'd experienced greater prevalence of same-race physical objectification. These ...
Researcher Giuseppe Loianno receives $1 million grant from DARPA to develop USARC robots that can autonomously collaborate in teams. The project aims to create robots capable of executing maneuvers with superior performances compared to human-controlled or current autonomous ground and aerial robots.
The QuTech team engineered a record number of six silicon-based spin qubits in a fully interoperable array, achieving low error-rates through new chip design and methods. This advances scalable quantum computers based on silicon, contributing to the development of fault-tolerant quantum computing.
A team of scientists uncovered fossilized remains of galeaspids, a type of jawless fish that breathed new life into the long-standing fin and limb evolutionary hypothesis. The fossils revealed paired fins extending from head to tail, contradicting previous assumptions of their absence.
HKU researchers create ultra-strong aerogels by combining aramid nanofibers with polyvinyl alcohol, outperforming traditional aerogels in load-bearing structures. The new material has vast applicational values for diverse functional devices.
The discovery of complete early Silurian jawed fishes is a significant finding that sheds light on the origin of jaws in vertebrates. The two species, Xiushanosteus mirabilis and Shenacanthus vermiformis, have revealed key features about their body shape, form, and evolution.
Researchers review biology and development of virtual memory CD8+ T cells in mice and humans, highlighting their role in infections and cancer. The study sheds light on the mysterious population of virtual memory cells with characteristics identical to murine TVM cells.
Researchers used single-cell gene expression analysis to study DNA methylation's impact on cell fate. They found that maintaining correct DNA methylation suppresses past and alternative cell identities, while removal of methylation allows certain cell types to form.
A USC-led team has found indications for an early breast cancer detection method using high-definition liquid biopsies. The test detected multiple cancer biomarkers, including 'oncosomes,' in the blood samples of most early-stage breast cancer patients.
The UK anaesthesia workforce is facing a large-scale staff shortage of 11,000 by 2040, primarily due to the retirement of experienced anaesthetists. The paper proposes solutions such as part-time working, standardized retire-and-return policies, and addressing health and educational needs of anaesthetists as they age.
Researchers identified 7 core categories of behaviors important for human-dog bonds, including attunement, communication, and physical affection. These behaviors may be incorporated into robotic systems to provide mental health benefits for humans.
Researchers developed a novel material fabrication strategy to create highly porous carbons with multiple heteroatoms doping, achieving outstanding storage capacities and performance. The strategy enables the design of carbon materials for different applications without compromising environmental issues.
Molecular qubits are more stable in asymmetric environments, according to a study published in Physical Review X. This discovery opens new doors for potential applications of emerging technology. The asymmetric environment provides coherence protection, allowing the qubits to keep their quantum information even in chaotic places.
Pediatricians and primary care physicians can identify and treat pediatric post-COVID-19 symptoms using new guidelines. The guidelines include best practices from Kennedy Krieger's Pediatric Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Clinic.
Researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University found that brain stimulation combined with a nose spray containing nanoparticles can improve recovery after ischemic stroke. The treatment increased cognitive and motor functions, and weighed more quickly than those treated with TMS alone.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic used AI to evaluate patients' ECGs, identifying new cases of atrial fibrillation that would not have been detected through routine care. The study showed that AI can target screening to high-risk patients, potentially reducing undiagnosed strokes and deaths worldwide.
The discovery of fossil repositories in early Silurian strata sheds light on the rise of jawed vertebrates and fills gaps in the evolution of 'from fish to human'. Fossilized fishes from southwestern China provide a unique window into the proliferating 'dawn of fishes' around 440 million years ago.
A study found that aberrant expression of MAO-B causes both peripheral and neuroinflammation in RA patients, leading to joint pain and cognitive impairment. Administering an MAO-B inhibitor called KDS2010 improved both joint inflammation and cognitive function in a RA animal model.
Research suggests that encouraging girls to roleplay as successful female scientists can increase their persistence in science activities, counteracting negative gender stereotypes. By pretending to be a scientist, girls may psychologically distance themselves from biases and feel more engaged in STEM fields.
A prospective multicenter case-control study found that third-trimester fetuses exposed to opioids in utero exhibited smaller brain biometric measurements and altered fetal physiology. The study suggests a possible link between prenatal opioid exposure and postnatal clinical outcomes.
A fossil discovery has revealed that ancient fish possessed paired fins, challenging the current understanding of vertebrate fin evolution. The findings suggest that these fins first evolved as a continuous head-to-tail precursor, which later differentiated into pectoral and pelvic fins.
Scientists have designed compounds that activate the 5HT2a receptor, producing antidepressant and antianxiety effects in mice. The compounds' mechanism of action differs from psychedelics like LSD, offering a potential new approach to developing effective antidepressants with fewer side effects.
The study found that the interaction between two organelles in the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, controls the transfer of cholesterol to the plasma membrane. This process is crucial for maintaining proper lipid composition at the cell surface.
Scientists have directly measured the cross section of a crucial stellar neutron source reaction, resolving long-standing discrepancies. The study provides accurate data for understanding the origin and abundance of elements heavier than iron in the universe.
A new study found that feelings of loneliness are strongly associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Individuals who reported feeling lonely were twice as likely to develop T2D than those who did not feel lonely.