Researchers in Cell Reports study neuronal responses to bright and dark surfaces, finding that large bright surfaces activate both light-ON and light-OFF neurons, increasing the combined response with surface brightness and size. This challenges the long-standing assumption that only surface edges drive strong cortical responses.
Researchers at WVU investigate performance of low-energy treatment facilities, assessing nutrient removal and potential environmental impacts. The team aims to create an interactive map with search filters and develop a user manual for modeling lagoon performance.
A new catalytic process using lignin could enable the production of 100% sustainable aviation fuel, reducing carbon emissions from the airline industry. The researchers successfully reduced the oxygen content of lignin to less than a half-percent, making it suitable for use as a jet fuel blendstock.
A new study found that medical cannabis users reported significant improvements in pain management, social functioning, and overall health. The majority of participants were able to stop or reduce their opioid use, with some experiencing a five-fold decrease in hydrocodone prescriptions.
Researchers discovered that macrophages eliminate stressed stem cells with high levels of reactive oxygen species, while healthy cells are amplified. The study found that a specific marker, calreticulin, acts as an 'eat me' signal for stressed cells.
A new type of spectrometer capable of simultaneous remote sensing of atmospheric methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide has been developed. The spectrometer uses a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) modulator to replace traditional mechanical choppers, making the system more stable and compact.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials found that calcium supplementation significantly improves bone mineral density and content in people under 35. The benefits were most pronounced in those aged 20-35 years, suggesting a potential new window for intervention to prevent osteoporosis later in life.
A diet rich in guar gum fibre has been shown to limit inflammation and delay the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms in mice. The study found that only guar gum significantly reduced MS-like symptoms, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach for humans.
The article highlights the need for comprehensive, real-time action data to address firearm injuries. It also explores the connection between violence and the carceral state, as well as the impact of state firearm laws on mortality and morbidity rates.
A study found that selective abortion of female fetuses is more pronounced among Indian diaspora, with lower sex ratios compared to natural range. The practice also affects Chinese diaspora, particularly in third pregnancies, where females are aborted less often than males.
Researchers discover that male spotted lanternflies are strongly attracted to the smell of honeydew produced by male conspecifics, emitting specific sex-attractant profiles. This finding may lead to the development of new pest management tools to reduce the population and spread of this invasive species.
Researchers discovered that FOXA1, a cancer-causing gene, regulates alternative splicing in prostate cancer, influencing disease relapse and patient survival. The study identified specific splice variants linked to cancer recurrence, which could serve as markers for disease relapse and potential drug targets.
A University at Buffalo-led study suggests the huntingtin protein is involved in neuronal injury and regeneration. The research found that HTT moves from the injury site to the cell body, carrying components necessary for survival.
Research from the University of Exeter found that farmers and auction operators believed putting health hubs in livestock marts helped break down barriers to seeking support. The study also revealed that stoicism, fear of being judged, and lack of availability were significant deterrents for farmers.
A study of over 15,000 individual animals found that ungulates' diets and mating strategies are linked to stress risk. Animals without constant access to food are prone to behavioral problems. The research highlights the importance of providing suitable conditions, including food and social organization, for improved welfare.
A recent study found that cattle grazing with virtual fencing can create effective wildfire fuel breaks on sagebrush landscapes, reducing the risk of devastating wildfires. The technology uses collars to communicate with GPS and reception towers, forming a virtual fence to manage livestock distribution.
Researchers have devised a method to determine the impact of climate change on local renewable energy supply and variability. The study found that increased weather unpredictability can lead to blackouts if backup power sources are not in place.
A new predictive biomarker, RNF43 mutations, has been identified as a significant predictor of response to anti-BRAF/EGFR combinatory therapy in patients with microsatellite stable BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer. This biomarker is associated with improved progression-free and overall survival rates.
The Journalists in Aging Fellows Program has selected 16 new fellows to produce in-depth aging-focused stories or series in 2023. The projects span concerns such as the financial burden of breast cancer, mental-health challenges of long COVID, and issues facing LGBTQ+ older adults.
The MEMQuD project investigates quantum effects in memristive devices, which could lead to breakthroughs in AI, cryptography, and computation. Researchers analyze fundamentals and applications of quantized conductivity phenomena at room temperature.
The USPSTF recommends screening for syphilis in asymptomatic, nonpregnant individuals who have ever been sexually active. Syphilis cases increased from a record low in 2000 to 11.9 cases per 100,000 population in 2019.
Researchers found that shadows on single cells or parallel-connected cells result in similar output current decrease ratios to sunlight. However, series-connected cells experience excess power loss and temperature rise, leading to further degradation.
Researchers at MedUni Vienna studied Covid-19's impact on lungs and colon, identifying novel biomarkers and treatment strategies. SARS-CoV-2 infections evoke different molecular mechanisms in pulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations.
Researchers recreated primordial seawater containing phosphate in the lab, suggesting that seawater could be a major source of this essential element. This finding has implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth and potentially even beyond our planet.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University found that chronic daily stress was beneficial against a second injury, inducing formation of immune cells called TLOs which protected against intestinal inflammation. The study also revealed an association between stressed mice and increased production of cytokines IL-23 and IL-22.
Scientists analyze environmental data to find temperature, rainfall, and pastureland areas as key factors contributing to viral transmission. The researchers project that areas hospitable to Lassa virus spread may extend into Central and East Africa in the next several decades.
Electrochemists have identified what makes nitrile additives effective at improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries using a lithium cobalt oxide cathode, opening up new avenues for further battery performance improvements.
In a new study, researchers found that immune T cells lacking the key transcription factor Satb1 are more susceptible to suppression by regulatory T cells, leading to transplant tolerance. The study provides insight into the mechanism behind transplantation tolerance and may lead to the development of new immunosuppression regimens.
A study by neuroscientists at New York University reveals that the brain's machinery interacts in nuanced ways to form long-term memories. The researchers found that neurons can sense not only repetition but also the order of repeated experiences, allowing them to discriminate between different patterns and build memories.
Climate variability in eastern Africa influenced hominin evolution, leading to anatomically distinct groups and modern human separation. Researchers analyzed lake sediment cores, revealing stable humid conditions, abrupt arid pulses, and extreme environmental shifts.
Researchers found no link between R&D costs and high drug prices in the US, contradicting industry claims. Despite $83 billion spent on R&D in 2019, drug prices are driven by market demand rather than investment costs.
Researchers at Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown discovered that female fruit flies engage in aggressive behavior during mating, triggered by courtship and food odors. The study found that virgins become aggressive after being courted first, while mated females remain indifferent to copulating pairs.
An international team developed two methods to protect and deprotect graphene nanoribbons from atmospheric oxidation, enabling scalable applications of their unique characteristics. The new strategy allows for the integration of carbon nanostructures into devices.
Researchers have identified the largest natural carbon onions, measuring up to 55 nm in diameter, within intrusion-affected coal samples. The discovery sheds new light on the synthesis of these onion-like structures during coal metamorphism due to magmatic intrusion.
A new study from St. Michael's Hospital found that a low-carb vegan diet has the same health effects as a vegetarian diet, but at a much lower cost to the environment. The researchers also discovered that the lower carbon emission value of the vegan diet was associated with a larger reduction in blood cholesterol.
Stronger hurricanes are more likely to reach Europe, with those encountering strong jet stream winds often reintensifying and moving further east. This study investigates the link between hurricane strength and European impact.
New research from the University of Georgia suggests that students who understand their strengths and weaknesses and are willing to ask for clarification and correct misinformation in small groups are more successful. The study identified seven types of metacognitive statements or questions associated with higher-quality reasoning.
UCF researchers have designed a cerium oxide nanoparticle to protect bones against radiation damage from cancer therapy. The treatment also improves bone regeneration and kills cancer cells, reducing the risk of bone fractures and tissue damage.
Researchers found that subcutaneous anchor securement systems significantly reduced catheter migration (1.76%) compared to other methods (4.17%, 6.77%, and 9.69%). The study adds to the evidence supporting the use of SecurAcath, which has been shown to reduce bloodstream infections and prolong catheter lifespan.
A new study by UC Santa Cruz researchers demonstrates 'transgenerational epigenetic inheritance,' where epigenetic marks are transmitted from parents to offspring and grandoffspring. This can lead to altered gene expression patterns in tissues, affecting health and development.
A joint research team from Korea and Japan developed site-specific organelle fluorescent thermometers that visualize temperature changes in almost all typical organelles. The new thermometers, called Thermo Greens (TGs), provide quantitative images of heat generation at different organelles, offering insights into cellular processes.
A new study identified a remdesivir-resistant version of COVID-19 in two kidney transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The virus developed the V7921 gene mutation, which allows it to resist antiviral therapy, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and potential development of additional treatments.
Researchers found that kinship dynamics vary across species and sex, influencing helping behavior. In spotted hyenas, females' relatedness decreases with age, while males' increases, affecting their willingness to help groupmates.
A recent study found that over 11,000 people treated in US emergency departments for drug-related bike injuries were men, with methamphetamine being the most common substance involved. The study highlights the need for further research and interventions to prevent these incidents.
A study published in Cell reveals that the shape of receptor proteins determines axon targeting precision in mice, helping explain how olfactory neurons send signals to specific glomeruli. This discovery could lead to early detection of olfactory deficits and understanding of brain function.
Scientists developed a cellulose nanofiber-carbon fiber composite film with excellent in-plane anisotropic thermal conductivity, improving heat dissipation in thin-film devices. The material also exhibits recyclability and can be reused after burning the cellulose matrix.
A study found that building trust with community health workers (promotores) can lead to long-term self-care in type 2 diabetes patients. 32.4% of participants achieved 'self-care generativity,' while 40.5% progressed to 'stabilization.' The model, called Nosotros, could be replicated to improve chronic disease management.
A recent study from the University of Gothenburg found that young men aged 18-29 are most resistant to gender equality, while older generations are less so. The researchers identified factors such as unemployment and distrust in social institutions as contributing to modern sexism among young men.
Researchers at UT Austin fabricated a new type of electrode using magnets to create vertical alignment, enabling faster charging and potentially doubling range on single charge. The vertically assembled nanosheet networks show superior electrochemical performance due to high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity.
Women with anxiety about their pregnancies give birth earlier on average than those without anxiety. Doctors should screen for general anxiety early in pregnancy to prevent preterm birth.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have identified the autophagy pathway in hair cells linked to permanent hearing loss caused by aminoglycosides. The study developed laboratory models with reduced RIPOR2 expression, which did not exhibit hair cell death or hearing loss when treated with antibiotics.
Researchers investigate how interparticle interactions affect dynamical localization, a phenomenon where disorder brings particles to a standstill. In disordered systems with multiple interacting electrons, the system's behavior is closely analogous to that of an insulator.
A new study found that small mammals can serve as reservoirs for fungi that cause lung infections in humans. The researchers detected fungal pathogens in the lung tissues of rodents from areas with high rates of disease.
A recent study from the Paris Brain Institute has identified a region of the brain where the decision to procrastinate is made: the anterior cingulate cortex. The researchers developed an algorithm to predict participants' tendency to procrastinate, suggesting that procrastination is related to the impact of deadlines on task evaluation.
Researchers deciphered the ovarian reserve in cynomolgus monkeys using quantitative morphometric study. The study found that the number of primordial follicles decreased with age, with abundant reserves in perinatal periods and sharp decline during adolescence and adulthood.
The research team created a new porous silica/sulfur interlayer that achieves higher long-term stability than conventional materials, enabling more efficient lithium-sulfur batteries. By loading sulfur in the intermediate layer, they increased capacity per cell area and improved battery performance.
Research reveals that gut flow velocity directly affects nutrient absorption and bacterial levels, with optimal conditions for each. The study suggests the gut adjusts its flow speed to regulate these processes in response to meal intake or fasting, potentially preventing diseases such as chronic fatigue and poor nutrient absorption.
A team of scientists studied how relatedness to a social group changes with age in seven mammal species, finding that incentives to help or harm shift depending on the species' social structure and gender. This understanding can explain differences across species and sexes.
A new study by UC Santa Barbara researchers Anabel Ford and Mattanjah de Vries reveals that cacao was accessible to the general populace and used in celebrations at all levels of ancient Maya society. The analysis of 54 archaeological ceramic sherds from El Pilar, Belize, found evidence of cacao residues in all vessel types, including ...
A cohort study found that endoscopists performing colonoscopies in FIT-based screening programs should aim for markedly higher ADRs compared to primary colonoscopy screening. The study suggests that high ADRs are associated with lower colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Researchers recommend using ADR targets, including differen...