Researchers developed the first model of Mars' early atmosphere, linking high temperatures to ocean formation and showing water vapor condensed in the lower atmosphere, while molecular hydrogen escaped. This model supports findings from spacecraft data, indicating Mars was wet and had warm-to-hot oceans for millions of years.
Researchers at MIT Sloan School of Management studied 93 countries and found more than half willing to tolerate higher death rates without NPIs. The US, however, may face high daily death rates exceeding 1,000 per day during winter months if past responsiveness continues.
The devices, made from a combination of stretchy material and dinoflagellate-infused culture solution, trigger light emission through mechanical stress. They can be recharged with sunlight and are maintenance-free, making them suitable for soft robots exploring dark environments.
Researchers have identified two NLRP sensors, NLRP1 and CARD8, as key players in Coxsackievirus B3-induced heart inflammation. Targeting CARD8 may prevent CVB3 infections from progressing to heart failure. The study provides new insights into the inflammatory response triggered by this common viral cause of viral myocarditis.
The global solar industry faces a supply chain risk due to China's dominance in polysilicon production, which can lead to increased carbon intensity and human rights concerns. The US and Indian governments have pledged billions to boost domestic production and create a more resilient supply chain.
Researchers have developed a flexible endoscopic imaging probe using a bendable graded index (GRIN) lens, enabling 3D microscopic imaging of tissue. The new technology could shorten biopsy waiting times to minutes and enable real-time monitoring of tissue changes.
A new study found that mice with the APOE4 gene variant were more likely to die from COVID-19, while those with APOE2 had increased virus replication and inflammation. The researchers also analyzed 13,000 patients in the UK Biobank and found that individuals with two copies of APOE4 or APOE2 were at higher risk of death from COVID-19.
A 28-year study tracked over 500,000 US adolescents and found that low social engagement and participation in structured activities are key predictors of substance abuse avoidance. Conversely, highly social and engaged groups with less supervision were more likely to engage in substance abuse.
A randomized controlled trial found that virtual reality immersion reduced the need for sedatives during hand surgery, leading to lower doses of propofol and shorter post-operative lengths of stay. Patient satisfaction remained unchanged, but discharge times were significantly shorter.
A recent Oregon State University study found that spent hemp biomass is a safe and nutritious alternative feed for lambs, with nutritional quality comparable to alfalfa. The findings provide evidence for the use of hemp byproducts as an animal feedstuff, potentially offering economic benefits for hemp farmers and livestock producers.
A prospective study found that patient decision aids improve patients' self-perceived understanding of image-guided procedures and satisfaction with the consent conversation. Patients who received a PDA before their visit reported significantly greater understanding and felt more listened to by their clinician.
Researchers using FAST telescope discover complex, magnetized environment around FRB 20201124A, contradicting young magnetar engine theories. The team analyzed 1863 bursts of the source, revealing irregular variations and circular polarization.
A nationwide study in France found that hot temperatures were closely linked with weight loss in heart failure patients, indicating a worsening of their condition. This association was strong and clinically relevant, prompting recommendations for healthcare professionals to reduce diuretic medication when weight loss occurs.
A new international study found that maternal education levels and household income at birth are significant predictors of childhood overweight and obesity. Social inequalities were evident across seven high-income countries, with lower maternal education associated with higher risk of overweight and obesity.
Two new studies published in NEJM Catalyst demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness of telemedicine in addressing access barriers and improving health outcomes. The research highlights the benefits of telemedicine for patients with transportation challenges, mental health services, and overall quality of care.
A cohort study of Chinese older adults found that sleeping for more than 8 hours increases dementia risk by 69% and going to bed before 9 PM doubles the risk. The study suggests monitoring cognitive function in those with prolonged sleep timing.
Researchers have genetically engineered human muscle cells to take up more sugar from the blood, reducing blood glucose levels by 20% in diabetic mice. The new tissue also shows promise for a single injection of tissue providing long-lasting glucose control.
A clinical trial found that using positive words and images during the window of heightened brain plasticity after a single ketamine treatment can help maintain depression relief for at least one month. Researchers developed an automated intervention to pair ketamine with computer-based training, showing promising initial findings.
A recent study by Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center researchers has shed light on the mechanisms of salt transport across membrane barriers. The findings have significant implications for treating cystic fibrosis, a disease caused by mutations in three types of sodium-potassium pumps.
Researchers developed a stable seawater oxidation electrolysis platform using a nickel-iron layered double hydride array with benzoate ions, achieving efficient and stable hydrogen production. The platform overcomes the corrosion issues caused by chlorine in seawater, enabling uninterrupted electrolysis for 100 hours.
Researchers found that getting enough sleep influences the environment where monocytes form, develop, and get primed to support immune function. This process, hematopoiesis, occurs in the bone marrow and can accelerate clonal hematopoiesis, an age-related condition linked to cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have discovered a way for plants to adapt to drought by modifying their lignin chemistry, enabling them to grow and thrive in challenging conditions. By understanding the 'chemical code' of lignin, scientists can develop crops and trees that are more resilient to climate change stresses.
A new study confirms that foot massage can help minimize menopause symptoms such as insomnia and hot flashes. By stimulating nerve cells in the legs, foot massage increases average daily sleep duration and reduces fatigue and anxiety levels.
The AFFI Food Safety Forum brought together global experts to explore detection methods for foodborne non-cultivable pathogens, their limitations, and policy implications. The event provided an overview of current PCR-based detection methodologies and guidance for prevention and control strategies among growers and food processors.
Research by Saarland University scientists reveals that killer T cells become more effective and powerful with age, making them a promising tool for cancer immunotherapy. The study's findings suggest that older patients' immune systems can produce more potent killer cells to fight off pathogens.
Millions of schoolchildren in the US and Canada are exposed to potentially harmful levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through stain-resistant school uniforms. The study found concentrations as high as those in outdoor clothing, posing health risks such as cancer and severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Researchers found that nerve damage in the cornea increases with glucose metabolism impairment and blood sugar levels, suggesting early detection may delay or prevent complications. The study suggests high blood sugar levels can begin to damage corneal nerves long before type 2 diabetes develops.
A recent study found that individuals who distrust fellow humans tend to have more trust in artificial intelligence's ability to moderate content online. The researchers suggest personalizing interfaces based on individual differences can positively alter user experience.
A pooled data analysis found that deep brain stimulation reduced OCD symptoms by 47% and improved substantial outcomes in two-thirds of participants. This treatment approach showed promising results in addressing severe OCD with substantial improvement in approximately half of the patients.
Digital health technology enables quality healthcare access regardless of location, monitoring individuals exposed to excessive noise or ototoxic medication. Researchers explore how telehealth can facilitate the prevention of permanent hearing loss and close the gap on hearing health disparities.
A genome-wide study has identified two genetic variants and structural changes in chromosomes associated with posterior urethral valves, a condition that affects 1 in 4,000 males. The study highlights the importance of including diverse populations in genetic studies to identify genetic contributors to rare conditions.
Researchers at KIST discovered critical variables to maximize the performance of artificial synaptic devices, leading to improved plasticity and information preservation. The developed device achieved approximately 50 times more efficiency and 63 times increased information retention compared to existing devices.
A new study by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that relaxing conceal carry permit restrictions led to a significant increase in firearm assaults, with an average rate of 12.75 per 100,000 people. States with shall issue laws and live-firearm training requirements did not see the same increases in gun violence.
Researchers discovered a gene mutation that causes faulty RNA processing in worms, leading to increased longevity. The PUF60 gene affects the mTOR signalling pathway, which regulates cell metabolism and has been a target for anti-aging drugs.
A new study found that farming professionals experience loneliness and isolation due to a lack of understanding from the general public about their work. The researchers highlight the need for strengthening connections between farming and non-farming communities to improve mental health.
A study by researchers from UTHealth Houston and the University of Miami found that adolescents with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery before age 22 lost significant weight and experienced complete remission of comorbidities such as diabetes, asthma, and elevated lipids. The study's results show that these young patients c...
Researchers at KAUST developed conductive membranes that stimulate microbial growth and separate biochemical products, reducing the CO2 conversion time from over 30 days to just one month. The membranes use nickel nanoparticles to catalyze hydrogen production, enhancing efficiency and stability in microbial electrosynthesis systems.
A new study at the University of Tokyo suggests that robotic eyes on autonomous vehicles can help pedestrians anticipate a vehicle's intentions, leading to safer crossings. The experiment found that participants made more cautious decisions when faced with moving eyes, with some males even reporting feeling safer.
A study from the University of Georgia shows people who rely on algorithms for creative tasks don't improve their performance and are more likely to trust low-quality advice. Participants preferred algorithm-derived advice over human-based advice, even when confident in their answers.
Scientists develop a colloidal synthesis method for alkaline earth chalcogenides, allowing control over nanocrystal size and surface chemistry. This enables the creation of more sustainable and environmentally friendly materials with potential applications in solar panels, LEDs, and bioimaging.
A study found that high-fat diets fuel the creation of inflammatory immune cells in mouse bone marrow. These cells can later invade fat tissue, leading to insulin resistance and other complications associated with obesity. The bone marrow's sensitivity to environmental changes plays a crucial role in this process.
A new approach to making nanocarriers for drug delivery features a soft, fat-like liposome interior surrounded by a hard shell of gold nanoparticles. The hybrid nanocarriers are designed to transport medicine across the body's blood brain barrier, a major hurdle protecting the brain from pathogens.
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened racial disparities in drug overdose death rates in the United States, with Hispanic and American Indian populations bearing the greatest burden. Researchers analyzed data from 2020 to 2021 and found that these groups experienced significantly higher overdose death rates compared to non-Hispanic whites.
UC San Diego researchers created the first diagnostic tool to differentiate between Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) using a novel artificial intelligence-guided algorithm. The algorithm achieved accuracy exceeding 90% with simple test results and physical exam features.
The presentation discusses how climate change affects diabetes care and emphasizes the need for a green transition to reduce healthcare's environmental footprint. Reducing environmental impact can also improve health outcomes, according to Dr. Fiona Adshead.
The grant aims to disrupt systemic barriers hindering underrepresented groups' participation in the life sciences. Northwestern will hire 15 new tenure-track faculty and deploy innovative strategies to ensure their success.
A systematic review of children and teens with type 1 diabetes found that girls have poorer metabolic control, are more likely to be hospitalized with serious complications, and require higher insulin doses. The study highlights the need for targeted efforts to improve awareness and care for young females with type 1 diabetes.
A UTHSC-led research team has been awarded $5.2 million by the National Cancer Institute to investigate the relationship between obesity and cancer risk. The team, led by Dr. Liza Makowski, aims to understand how obesity affects the immune system's ability to fight cancer.
Cancer cells become resistant to chemotherapies by slowing down DNA replication forks, allowing them to avoid collisions with chemotherapy drugs. A kinase called DNA-PKcs acts as a sensor when a fork is stressed and promotes slowing of the fork and chemo-resistance.
Advanced imaging technology reveals how Candida albicans uses 'alien-like' shape shifting to evade immune cells and trigger harmful immune responses. The study provides new insights into the mechanisms behind this escape, revealing several escape mechanisms enabled by fungal toxin candidalysin.
Researchers have developed a novel pressure sensor using paper as the medium, achieving high sensitivity and detecting a broad range of pressures. The sensor's structure and multilayering enable conductive properties, making it suitable for flexible and wearable electronic devices in healthcare and other industries.
Researchers created silicon nanopillars using MacEtch, a wet etching technique that generates light particles at the right wavelength to proliferate in optical fibers. This breakthrough enables practical quantum communication via optical fibers.
Research at Kumamoto University reveals that fetal liver blood cells are stem cell-independent, contrary to the long-held view that HSCs are essential for their production. The study provides new insights into the origin of HSCs and suggests a reconsideration of their role in embryo formation.
The book analyzes four Asian jurisdictions and offers policy recommendations for the design of corporate restructuring laws. It highlights the importance of adapting US/UK frameworks to local conditions, taking into account differences in institutional and market structures, controlling shareholders, and creditor composition.
A new analysis of chimpanzee stone tools shows diverse material culture across different groups. Researchers found notable differences between two groups in Guinea and the Taï Forest in Côte d'Ivoire, highlighting the significance of stone choice, availability, and nut species.
A study at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that war-zone related stress can alter the brain's limbic gray matter regions, affecting basic emotions and drives. These structural changes are associated with cognitive functioning, including improved verbal short-term memory and processing speed.
A new study published in Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity suggests that statin therapy is not justified for healthy individuals with high cholesterol. The research found a very weak association between low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) and the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Researchers have developed a quasi-3D plasmonic structure on fiber tips, enabling high-sensitivity detection of refractive index changes and physical adsorption. The device's noise-equivalent detection limit reaches 10^-7 RIU, outperforming existing sensors.
A recent study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that cancer and chemotherapy do not appear to increase the risk of stillbirth among adolescent and young adult women who later become pregnant. The study included data from 11,696 deliveries to over 8,400 women diagnosed with cancer between 1995 and 2015.
Researchers found that octopuses preferentially use their second arm when catching prey, exhibiting repeatable hunting behavior. This study has implications for developing next-generation soft robots inspired by the octopus's unique manipulative abilities.