A large population study found a 14% increased risk of developing Crohn's disease among children born via cesarean section. The study suggests an association between cesarean section and altered gut microbiome, warranting further research.
A study of wild baboons in southern Kenya found that most carry traces of hybridization in their DNA, with about a third of their genetic makeup coming from another species. However, new genetic evidence reveals that some borrowed genes came at a cost, affecting the hybrids' survival and reproduction.
Researchers found that DNMT3A and TET2 genes directly activate expression of a gene involved in mitochondrial inflammatory pathways. This activation leads to increased inflammation, which may exacerbate plaque buildup in atherosclerosis. Blocking these pathways could form the basis for new treatments.
Intrinsically flexible displays rely on key materials and devices such as stretchable electrodes, organic semiconductors, and dielectric materials. Researchers focus on improving mechanical stretchability, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility while maintaining chemical stability.
Rice University mechanical engineers repurpose deceased spiders as small-scale, naturally derived grippers. The spiders can lift more than 130% of their own body weight and perform tasks like sorting or moving objects around. Future research will focus on testing the concept with smaller spiders.
A case-crossover study in 32 Chinese counties linked short-term PM2.5 exposures to increased non-accidental mortality, particularly from combustion sources. Stronger effects were observed for cardiovascular mortality and varied by sex-age subpopulations.
Research highlights the 'worst of both worlds' for people living in suburban areas, with poor access to natural and built infrastructure. This can result in a lower quality of life compared to urban and rural areas.
Researchers have synthesized novel nitrogen compounds with ring- and spiral-shaped crystal structures under extremely high pressure. The new polynitrides contain planar, symmetrically constructed ring structures and a rare polynitrogenic double helix.
Researchers have created a cheap and energy-efficient way to capture carbon dioxide from smokestacks using porous melamine material. The process is simple to make and requires primarily off-the-shelf melamine powder, making it a promising solution for scaling down carbon emissions from vehicle exhaust or other movable sources.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics found that our brain is a prediction machine continuously making predictions on multiple levels. They analyzed brain activity while people listened to Hemingway or Sherlock Holmes stories and text, finding the brain response was stronger when words were unexpected in context.
Researchers developed a new technology that can detect early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma using nanoparticles, which are released by tumor cells and can be detected in circulation. The technology, called HCC EV SPA, has the potential to enable rapid and affordable detection of the disease, leading to improved survival rates.
A 60-year study found that building mental resilience through education, socializing, and exercise can reduce dementia risk even among those with low childhood cognition or genetic predisposition. Participants with higher cognitive reserve index and reading ability showed slower cognitive decline.
Researchers have constructed the most complete single-cell map of fruit fly embryo development, enabling a continuous view of molecular changes driving embryonic development. This study provides a significant advance in understanding the complex process of embryogenesis and its relationship to gene regulation.
A research group from Osaka Metropolitan University investigates Adiabatic State Preparation (ASP) for efficient electron correlation effects in molecules. They find four key points relevant to ASP's computational conditions, making the method more practical.
A new study based in Africa reveals hidden selection against interspecies breeding in wild baboon species. The findings highlight the crucial role of other living primates as models for understanding human evolution, particularly for phenomena that are impossible to study in our lineage alone.
A four-year project funded by the US Department of Education will investigate academic outcomes for adolescent immigrant English learners in Texas schools. The study aims to develop reading interventions to accelerate literacy among these students, who face unique challenges due to their linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
Researchers have discovered a novel strategy for preventing and treating parasites and allergies by harnessing the power of adenosine, a molecule released by injured cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of vaccines and treatments that target this 'danger signal', which is released when cells are damaged.
Holocentric chromosomes have been found to promote rapid genome evolution by allowing the formation of new species through chromosome fusions. This non-classical mode of chromosome organization also stabilizes chromosomal fragments and facilitates DNA gene swapping, making it an exciting area for plant breeding.
Scientists discover guanylate-binding proteins that can directly kill specific types of bacteria, offering new treatment options for drug-resistant infections. These proteins can also be used in combination with existing antibiotics to enhance treatment effectiveness.
A study co-authored by Rotman School professor Partha Mohanram has received the 2022 Notable Contributions to Accounting Literature Award. The research used textual analysis techniques to predict firm-level earnings and stock returns based on Twitter activity, demonstrating significant predictive power.
Researchers developed a flexible, stretchable computing chip that processes information like a human brain to analyze health data. The device aims to change the way health data is processed, enabling continuous tracking of health without sending data wirelessly.
A study led by Drs. Wei Song and Xue-Yan Liu found that microbial nitrogen oxide emissions account for 24% of global NOx emissions, equivalent to fossil fuel emissions. The research uses new nitrogen isotope methods to constrain ocean and land NOx emissions from microbial N cycle.
Robert Reinhart's work utilizes noninvasive neuromodulation technology to develop personalized treatments for cognitive brain disorders. His research shows significant improvements in age-related memory function and compulsive behaviors with high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation.
Grasses supply crucial ecosystem services, including food for humans and animal habitats, but are threatened by land-use conversion and climate change. Research highlights the need to better understand their functions to inform policy and management.
Researchers developed a new tool to measure moral distress in pandemic nursing care, capturing COVID-19-specific sources of nurses' moral distress. The COVID-MDS has promise to address urgent questions and advance efforts to prevent or mitigate moral distress.
Researchers successfully taught microrobots to swim via deep reinforcement learning, allowing them to adapt to changing conditions and perform complex maneuvers. The AI-powered swimmers can navigate toward any target location on their own, showcasing their robust performance in fluid flows and uncontrolled environments.
Researchers used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to study heart tissue from patients with cardiomyopathies and found distinct cell types involved in pathogenesis. Genotype-associated pathways were also identified, providing evidence that genotype influences pathological remodeling of the heart.
Scientists at UC San Diego and Salk Institute discover link between mitochondrial function, inflammation, and DNMT3A and TET2 genes in atherosclerosis. Abnormal inflammatory signaling is triggered by low levels of these genes, leading to excessive plaque buildup.
A recent study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that vegan participants who engaged in regular resistance training had stronger bones than those who did not. The study also showed that vegans and omnivores who performed resistance training had similar bone structure.
Argonne researchers develop a new way to calculate the environmental impact of ammonia production, evaluating two promising methods: carbon capture and water electrolysis. The study aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel use in fertilizer production.
A new study is providing training to mothers of infants at the Linda Ray Intervention Center, equipping them with a critical caregiving skill. The program focuses on infant-directed singing, which has been shown to help babies regulate their emotions and develop self-regulation skills.
A study by Durham University researchers found that bonobos produce specific 'baby-like' signals to express emotional distress and increase the chances of receiving comfort from others. These signals, such as pouting and whimpering, can also reduce the likelihood of re-attack after a conflict.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed Unified Many-Worlds Browsing, a new approach to refine the search process for physics-based animations. By allowing animators to create queries to narrow down options, this framework can potentially reduce thousands of possible outcomes to a handful that are interesting to the user.
Researchers developed a ligand exchange strategy to create atomically thin 2D cuprate layers with active periodic copper single sites, which catalyze efficient Chan-Lam coupling. These 2D-CuSSs show advantages over traditional homogeneous counterparts due to their large open surface and abundant undercoordinated Cu single sites.
A large Dutch study found that 12.7% of adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience long-term symptoms, including breathing problems and fatigue, three to five months after infection. The study suggests that these symptoms can be used to distinguish between post-COVID-19 condition and non-COVID-19-related symptoms.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a method to produce lutein in E. coli bacteria using glycerol as a cheap carbon source. The production process involves systems metabolic engineering and substrate channeling to overcome bottleneck enzymes that inhibit lutein biosynthesis.
Researchers from Aarhus University are developing a new approach to turbulence modelling using physics-constrained machine learning to accurately simulate complex turbulent systems. The goal is to reduce computational costs while maintaining accuracy, enabling more efficient designs and predictions in various fields.
ARID1A-deficient bladder cancers are sensitive to combination therapies with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK-126 and inhibitors of PI3K, acting synergistically. The research found that tumors deficient in ARID1A protein have elevated levels of PIK3R3 and phosphoAKT.
A Swedish study of over 4,000 adults found that those with high prostasin blood levels were 76% more likely to develop diabetes and 43% more likely to die from cancer. Prostasin may be an indicator of disease occurrence or causally relevant, raising the possibility of targeting this protein for future treatments.
The new database offers improved estimations of Potential Evapotranspiration and Aridity Index for the entire world at a high spatial resolution. This allows for a finer description of water needs in different regions, enabling better resource management and land-use planning.
A research team led by Prof. Dr. Birte Höcker applied a computer-based natural language processing model to protein research, creating new proteins capable of stable folding and defined functions. The ProtGPT2 model generates proteins with differentiated structures, eliminating the need for functionalization processes.
A new study on parabiosis found that young mice exposed to old blood experienced a significant decrease in lifespan. The research suggests that aging factors in older blood can induce aging in younger animals, challenging the idea that 'young' blood holds anti-aging properties.
Scientists have identified a previously unknown plant mechanism driving gene expression during meiosis, enabling germ cell and pollen differentiation. This discovery holds potential for developing more resilient crops adapted to harsher environmental conditions.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to engineering live bacterial therapeutics by using native microbes that can survive in the gut. This method overcomes previous limitations of introducing engineered bacteria into the gut, demonstrating potential for long-term therapy and reversal of disease pathologies in mouse models.
A new study from Tokyo Institute of Technology introduces a novel crystal engineering strategy to design ultrabright fluorescent solid dyes. This approach allows for monomeric emission and suppressed intermolecular interactions, enabling the creation of highly dense crystalline structures with controlled electronic properties.
A Phase 1 clinical trial found a monoclonal antibody to be highly protective against malaria in US adults. L9LS was administered subcutaneously and fully protected 88% of participants from infection.
A new water-resistant gas sensor can detect nitrogen dioxide in breath, indicating potential pulmonary diseases. The sensor's semi-permeable membrane allows it to block moisture while permitting gas molecule permeation.
A study found eight classes of health conditions common among pediatric obese patients, including respiratory and sleep disorders. The researchers used a pattern mining algorithm on electronic health records of 49,694 patients to identify clinically similar subtypes.
Researchers developed a new method to synthesize polyimidazolium organic cages that can encapsulate metal nanoparticles, leading to improved catalytic performance. The new catalysts show superior activity in various reactions, with tunable NHC sites enhancing interactions between the shell and the metal nanoparticles.
Researchers tracing nitrogen pollution affecting the Mesoamerican Reef Region reveal that agricultural operations are responsible for the vast majority of nitrogen pollution. The study highlights the need for tailored management strategies to mitigate nutrient input and protect coral reef and seagrass health.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast have secured a £228,900 grant to develop an mRNA vaccine targeting protein p53 in triple negative breast cancer. The project aims to improve treatment options for patients with this aggressive form of the disease.
A new scientific statement from the American Heart Association finds that social isolation and loneliness are associated with a 30% increased risk of heart attack or stroke. Younger adults, including Gen Z, experience increased social isolation and loneliness due to higher social media use and less in-person engagement.
A new study published in Cochrane Reviews found that tocolytics, or preterm delay treatments, are beneficial for women worldwide. The researchers reviewed 122 clinical trials and concluded that the benefits of these drugs outweigh any risks associated with side effects.
Researchers, led by TUM's Senthold Asseng, are exploring ways to close the genetic yield gap of 51% in wheat to meet increasing global demand. Utilizing advanced breeding techniques and interdisciplinary approaches combining genetics, soil, and climate science can lead to richer harvests.
TCT 2022 will feature late-breaking clinical science presenting the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques, pharmaceuticals, technologies, and devices for treating or preventing cardiovascular disease. The event takes place September 16-19 in Boston at the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center.
Research finds that grassland biodiversity and resilience are the result of a slow process over hundreds of years, not rapid recovery. Ancient grasslands have unique characteristics that develop over time and can be conserved to maintain ecosystem functions.
The NIH has launched an experimental science rigor initiative to improve the quality of research funded by the National Institutes of Health. The initiative provides a comprehensive, modular, and adaptable platform to host educational content on rigorous research, supporting the development of courses in experimental rigor.
The NCI-backed Molecular Targets Platform streamlines and catalyzes drug development by integrating pediatric cancer targets and pathways. This platform empowers researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and advocacy groups to accelerate the pace of drug development for pediatric cancer.
A study by UT Southwestern researchers found an 'infodemic' of misinformation and disinformation on Twitter using #scamdemic and #plandemic hashtags, with 80% of users left to post false information. The work aims to combat echo chambers and promote accurate health messaging on social media.
Microglia that express the APOE4 gene cannot metabolize lipids normally, leading to a buildup of excess lipids that interferes with nearby neurons' ability to communicate. Restoring normal lipid metabolism in microglia may help treat some symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.