Researchers found that increasing arginase 1 availability helps alleviate unhealthy responses and interrupt destructive inflammation in diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. This is achieved by reducing L-arginine levels, which in turn reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase activity.
A team of researchers has identified multiple candidate genes that influence longevity in mice, with subtle genetic variations leading to different health outcomes as we age. The discovery is significant, as it may lead to the development of effective treatments for human aging and diseases.
New research from the University of East Anglia reveals that wild bees are actively foraging in the sunlit woodland canopy, particularly among Sycamore trees. A diverse community of wild bees was found to thrive in this habitat, with nectar and pollen-rich trees providing essential food sources.
The study, led by Prof. Wei Hu, demonstrates that endovascular thrombectomy improves functional outcomes and reduces mortality in patients with basilar arterial occlusion compared to standard medical therapy. The trial, ATTENTION, provides high-quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of this treatment for acute basilar artery occlu...
Researchers have analyzed data from 5.4 million people to uncover 12,000 genetic variants influencing height, explaining 40% of differences. This breakthrough enables the prediction of height with greater accuracy, particularly for children, and has implications for medical investigation and police investigations.
Researchers have developed genetic testing to diagnose cardiomyopathy in children, identifying those at risk of heart failure and requiring a transplant. The test provides precise clinical diagnosis, enabling targeted treatment options and reducing the need for life-threatening interventions.
A recent study analyzed the records of over 33,000 dementia patients in Wales and found that those closest to their diagnosis were taking an average of three or more medications. This suggests a possible link between polypharmacy and the development of dementia.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that most species are not receiving protection until their populations are precariously small, dimming their prospects of recovery. The study also highlights the issue of inadequate funding for protecting threatened and endangered species, which has persisted for decades.
A study reveals a high incidence of chronic kidney disease among adults with diabetes, particularly affecting Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latino(a) groups. The rate of new onset CKD was higher in these groups by approximately 60%, 40%, 33%, and 25% compared to White persons with ...
A new study reveals that losing endangered fruit-eating animals in the Atlantic Forest could severely disrupt seed-dispersal networks, leaving plants without an effective means to regenerate. Nearly 55% of specialist plant species rely solely on these frugivores for seed dispersal.
A study from the University of South Florida found that cross-company communication supports inventor productivity and creativity. Decompartmentalized communication creates a nurturing environment where inventors feel valued and supported as they work on new projects.
A team of Illinois Tech researchers used machine learning to estimate the age and gender of individual users with high accuracy, raising questions about data security and privacy. The study highlights the need for better regulations and best practices to protect personal information from being misused.
Researchers from the Max Born Institute found that magnesium ions reduce ultrafast fluctuations in water's hydration shell, slowing solvation dynamics. The study reveals a short-range effect of individual ion pairs on dilute aqueous systems.
Research highlights growing evidence connecting hot flashes to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in women, including poorer health profiles and increased risk of heart disease events. Women experiencing more frequent or severe hot flashes may benefit from targeted cardiovascular reduction efforts as they age.
A new database quantifying cropland phosphorus budgets around the world helps identify nutrient management gaps in different regions. The study provides valuable insights into phosphorus management challenges and opportunities in various countries, shedding light on how to improve global phosphorus use efficiency.
A study of over 100,000 emergency room visits and 95,000 mental health hospitalizations found that less than half received follow-up care within 30 days. Having established primary care and mental health care before an acute psychiatric service use is crucial for improving follow-up rates.
Scientists have created a self-powered, temperature-activated device using edible materials like table salt, red cabbage, and beeswax. The sensor can be used to monitor the storage history of frozen products and alert consumers.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered a novel phenomenon in a type of quantum material that can change its electrical properties under specific conditions. The material, known as Mn3Si2Te6, exhibits colossal magnetoresistance when exposed to certain magnetic fields, allowing it to behave like a metal wire.
Researchers from the University of Sydney explain that the James Webb Space Telescope's 'spiderweb' image is not an alien megastructure but rather a series of concentric dust shells created by a binary system. The team discovered that the stars in the system interact through stellar winds, producing shock fronts and spiral-shaped plumes.
Optical tweezers have evolved to trap, sort, transport, and enrich various biological particles with finer force strength and non-invasive nature. This enables applications in biology, pharmacology, and clinical research fields, offering a promising tool for understanding human life at the single-cell level.
A study by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that students increasingly rely on dimensional comparisons to define their math and reading abilities. This tendency, present since grade 1, contributes to the formation of specialized academic identities in high school. The findings suggest that students tend to think...
Researchers successfully taught human and mouse neurons to play the video game Pong in real-time, showcasing their ability to exhibit sentience and adapt to a changing environment. The study's findings have potential applications in disease modeling, drug discoveries, and expanding our understanding of brain function.
Researchers found that moth wings with forward-facing eyespots are more effective at deterring predators than those with concentric circle patterns. The study suggests that the direction of gaze affects the predator's motivation to attack, supporting the idea that eyespots are used to maintain eye contact with predators.
The American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) and the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research have announced the recipients of the 2022 Glenn Foundation for Medical Research Postdoctoral Fellowships in Aging Research. Nine postdoc fellows will receive $60,000 fellowships to advance research on aging biology, geroscience, and potentia...
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed an algorithm that enables 2D materials to maintain their mechanical strength after conversion into 3D structures. The algorithm is inspired by kirigami art and mimics the structure of nacre, a natural shell coating known for its robust mechanical properties.
The ForestPaths project will co-design, quantify and evaluate forest-based solutions to meet the EU’s Climate Targets for 2030 and 2050. The project will work with practitioners, policymakers, and regional authorities to determine climate- and biodiversity-smart forest management options.
Researchers at Flinders University have created a new multi-functional material that can be used to purify water, as a recyclable construction material, and as a lightweight machine component for possible use in soft robotics. The material combines magnetic iron particles with a sulfur-rich polymer and can be moved remotely by a magnet.
Scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a technology that enables cells to produce oxygen on demand, opening up new avenues for research and potential clinical applications. This breakthrough could improve therapies for conditions like cancer, which often have low oxygen levels.
Research in Zambia suggests children infected with HIV are more likely to struggle with cognitive and mental health issues despite well-controlled disease. Early intervention through better nutrition and antiretroviral therapies may improve neurological function.
Researchers found a drastic decrease in bacterial abundance on the skin of patients with graft-versus-host disease, while an increased occurrence of staphylococci was observed. This discovery may lead to improved treatment measures for GVHD, which affects approximately 30-70% of stem cell transplant recipients.
Researchers at OHSU have revealed the structure of the key part of the inner ear responsible for hearing, a long-standing mystery. The discovery could lead to new treatments for hearing impairments affecting over 460 million people worldwide.
Researchers have identified cognitive impairment in patients with dementia-related diseases up to 9 years before diagnosis, raising hope for earlier interventions and clinical trial recruitment. The study analyzed UK Biobank data and found subtle impairments in problem-solving and memory across various conditions.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have successfully decoded the genome of Aldabrachelys gigantea, one of the world's two remaining giant tortoise species. The reference genome provides crucial information for breeding programs in zoos to represent genetic diversity and conservation efforts across East Africa and Madagascar.
A global study found that early-stage mucinous ovarian cancer patients with an infiltrative pattern of invasion have poorer survival chances. This discovery could lead to more targeted treatment strategies for these patients. Researchers hope to develop targeted drugs and align treatment guidelines worldwide.
Researchers develop new technique that charges EV battery in just 10 minutes, overcoming major drawbacks of slow recharge and large size. The technology relies on internal thermal modulation, enabling smaller, faster-charging batteries that cut down cost and critical raw material usage.
Astronomers use Hubble data combined with radio observations to measure a jet propelled by a neutron star collision, revealing it moved at an apparent velocity of seven times the speed of light.
A new study suggests that phone calls and video chats can help patients access care, especially for those with barriers to traditional in-person visits. The study found that veterans who received virtual visits were more likely to stay on buprenorphine treatment, but there were disparities by race, housing status, and age.
Research suggests that diets high in omega-6 fatty acids promote inflammation, while foods high in omega-3 fatty acids reduce it. A vegan diet has been found to have the lowest rates of inflammation.
Scientists have revealed the complex mechanisms behind charge transfer in photocatalyst particles, providing insights into designing more efficient photocatalysts. The research used multiple techniques to map the spatiotemporal evolution of charge transfers, showing that built-in electric fields and defects can aid in charge separation.
A study published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology found that smartwatch health apps detecting atrial fibrillation generated a high rate of false positives and inconclusive results, especially in patients with certain cardiac conditions. Better algorithms and machine learning may help improve the accuracy of these devices.
A new study suggests that lifestyle choices can help prevent severe COVID-19 by reducing chronic inflammation and regulating the immune system. By adopting healthy habits such as regular exercise, balanced diet, and stress management, individuals can lower their risk of developing severe disease and mitigate post-infection symptoms.
A new species of deep-sea fish has been discovered in the Atacama Trench, belonging to the genus Paraliparis. The small blue snailfish, named Paraliparis selti, is distinct from other hadal snailfishes due to its striking color and large eyes.
A clinical trial begins in the Democratic Republic of Congo to evaluate tecovirimat's safety and effectiveness in treating monkeypox. The trial will enroll up to 450 participants, comparing those who receive tecovirimat to placebo, and gather data on disease severity, mortality, and recovery.
Researchers studying fruit flies found that brain neurons adapt to help the flies stay awake despite tiredness in dangerous situations, and fall asleep after an intense day. Time-restricted feeding also improved sleep quality in the flies, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for humans.
Astronomers were surprised to find that a black hole is ejecting material at half the speed of light nearly three years after shredding a nearby star. The delayed outflow challenges scientists' understanding of black hole feeding behavior, with one researcher likening it to a 'black hole burping'.
Researchers at the University of Exeter are developing a genetic tool to analyze lobster population genetics and connectivity, trialing aquaculture technology for sustainably farming lobsters in The Bahamas, and devising a policy for future sustainable exploitation.
Women pursuing careers in entomology face persistent challenges in obtaining jobs compared to men. The study found that men published more research articles and were first authors on average, leading to higher H-index scores. Women are also less likely to hold industry positions as technical representatives and research scientists.
Researchers have discovered a new abiotic pathway for the formation of oxygen molecules, using sulphur dioxide as a precursor. This process can explain the presence of oxygen in the atmospheres of several Jupiter's moons, including Io, Europa and Ganymede, where biological life is absent.
Soil ecological values are often overlooked in nature conservation management; the new study identifies global hotspots where they need to be prioritized. Temperate ecosystems show high local species richness, while biodiversity uniqueness peaks in arid and tropical ecosystems.
A new study published in Science Advances shows that early deprivation can have long-lasting effects on brain development, even into adolescence. Children who were randomly placed into high-quality foster care before the age of 3 had changes in areas of the brain supporting higher-order problem-solving years later.
A Singapore research team has validated a cancer diagnostic assay designed with Asian-centric biomarkers, showing high precision and sensitivity in measuring four major classes of biomarkers. The assay's performance was validated with clinical specimens, indicating its promise for reliable deployment in a clinical setting.
A new analysis by University of Kansas researchers shows that tectonic drivers, such as river steepness and seismic activity, dominate the strength of connectivity in hillslopes across the continental United States. High connectivity zones are associated with increased landslides, while low connectivity zones promote wetland development.
A new platform developed at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute helps match patients with cancer to trials of targeted therapy by analyzing genomic alterations in their tumors. The platform, called MatchMiner, has been shown to expedite the process of finding an appropriate trial for patients, reducing the time to consent by 22%.
A recent UK Biobank study found that Black participants are at a higher risk of developing dementia compared to White participants, with an HR of 1.43. South Asians also have a similar risk to White participants. The study included 294,000 volunteers, but the results may not be representative of the wider UK population.
A VUB study has mapped the immune system's response to brain infections, revealing that resident macrophages play a key role in defending against pathogens. The researchers found that blood-derived immune cells can eliminate parasites, but may retain 'memory' of past infections, altering their ability to respond to future insults.
A new study suggests that rising air temperatures amplify the effects of ocean warming on the Greenland ice sheet, leading to greater ice loss. The combination of warmer liquid and movement accelerates melting, similar to ice cubes in a drink being stirred.
Common causes of midlife weight gain in women include aging-related metabolic changes, sleep disturbances, and hormonal fluctuations. Effective strategies for managing weight include calorie restriction, physical activity, and behavioral modification.
The discovery confirms the existence of precession in a binary black hole system, where one black hole distorts space-time and causes its orbit to wobble back and forth. This effect is 10 billion times stronger than previously measured, providing insights into Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Researchers found a direct connection between low oxygen conditions and increased fetal hemoglobin production in adults. A drug that activates the cellular response to low oxygen could potentially treat sickle cell disease by promoting HbF production, which has therapeutic benefits.
A research team from POSTECH and KAIST found that cations play a crucial role in converting CO2 into valuable chemical products like ethylene. The study reveals a new mechanism for high-performance catalytic conditions, paving the way for carbon-neutral technologies.