A new study suggests Europa's ice shell could be orders of magnitude purer than previously thought due to the formation of frazil ice, which keeps salt in seawater. This could affect the ice's strength and heat transfer, making it crucial for understanding Europa's habitability.
A new study surveyed 190 patients and 68 carers in the UK, revealing that patients prefer breathlessness services offered in hospital outpatient clinics or at home. The research found that these services improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs, with estimated savings ranging from £663 to £5086 per person.
Researchers at UC Berkeley find that the traditional heat index, which calculates how hot it feels based on temperature and humidity, fails to account for physiological responses to extreme heat. The new study suggests that this underestimation can lead to increased stress on the human body, particularly in sweltering conditions.
Purdue researchers have created a 2D array of electron and nuclear spin qubits, enabling atomic-scale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and reading/writing quantum information with nuclear spins in 2D materials. This method harnesses three nitrogen nuclei at a time for longer coherence times than electron qubits.
The new educational alliance will strengthen access to medical education and training for physicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals. The joint programs will focus on advancing the latest research in cardiovascular disease and interventional therapies.
The study found that regional connectivity drove both introduction and export risk of the virus, mainly through land-based travel. Improved pandemic surveillance infrastructure is crucial to mitigate outbreaks quickly, especially in regions like the Middle East.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found that cancer cells metabolize glucose in their mitochondria, following conventional biochemical patterns. The study suggests that limiting glucose uptake may not be an effective strategy to target cancer cells, and glucose metabolism may need to be reevaluated as a therapeutic target.
The MU College of Education and Human Development offers a two-year graduate certificate program for Missouri elementary school teachers to enhance their math education teaching skills. The program focuses on collaboration, creativity, and problem-solving in the classroom to promote student confidence and positive experiences with math.
A new study from North Carolina State University reveals no-till farming boosts agricultural land values in the Midwest, with a 1% increase translating to a $7.86 per acre gain. This finding supports the economic and environmental benefits of adopting soil conservation practices like no-till farming.
A study of over 26,000 eye care professionals found that those receiving small financial incentives from pharmaceutical companies are up to twice as likely to prescribe brand-name eyedrops for glaucoma. The researchers suggest that frequent exposure to positive messaging about a drug may influence this tendency.
A new model, StomachSim, simulates human stomach mechanics to show that posture can impact pill absorption by up to an hour. Lying on the right side is best for quick dissolution, while standing upright is a decent second option.
Researchers studied the impact of withholding nitrous oxide on labor pain and found no adverse outcomes for mothers or children. Opioid use increased significantly but no change in other measures such as epidural use or Caesarean section rates were observed.
A new MIT model simulates vaccine allocation strategies to predict the effect on cumulative deaths and infections in the US. The research finds that allocating more than 50% of available doses to non-vaccinated individuals can significantly increase lives saved and reduce infections.
Researchers at Buck Institute discover that blood-brain barrier cells influence neuron function and can cause problems rather than just being protective. This finding opens up new avenues for therapies targeting neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Scientists at the University of Bristol discovered that fungal diversity stems from evolutionary increases in multicellular complexity. The study found that fungal disparity has evolved episodically through time, with greater morphological variety emerging after the emergence of multicellular fungi and complex fruiting bodies.
A new study reveals that certain food proteins can cause white blood cells to become dysfunctional, leading to immune intolerance. Researchers found that the gut-associated-lymphoid tissue is a suppressive environment where lymphocytes undergo arrested development, preventing dangerous immune reactions to food.
A new study by Berkeley Lab scientists reveals that thirdhand smoke can exceed health risk guidelines, putting whole households at risk. The study found that concentrations of toxic chemicals in indoor environments where cigarettes have been smoked can lead to exposure through inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal absorption.
A UCI-led study found that Rhodiola rosea extract improved glucose homeostasis, modulated the gut microbiome, and reduced inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. The results suggest potential benefits for treating the condition through changes in the microbiome.
A new study suggests that investing $16 billion a year can restore 65% of fire-impacted species habitat and sequester up to 291 megatons of carbon dioxide. The research also highlights the need for urgent removal of invasive species, replanting, and stopping native forest logging.
Researchers found that using the drug erlotinib, which blocks a specific cancer pathway, led to a 30 percent reduction in polyps formed in patients with FAP. The study's findings suggest potential ways to prevent colorectal cancer in the general population at an earlier stage.
A study led by Toho University identified a glycan structure, Lewis glycans, on the cell surface that makes cancer cells vulnerable to TRAIL-induced death. Cancer cells highly expressing this structure are more sensitive to TRAIL therapy and can serve as a predictive biomarker.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a method to create a three-dimensional gel from spider silk proteins that can be designed to deliver functional proteins. The gel has the potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine, enabling controlled drug release and tissue engineering applications.
A study of over 1.2 million people in 76 low- and middle-income countries found that hypertension prevalence is high among the least educated and poorest individuals, despite common assumptions. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to lower blood pressure in these regions.
Pairing prescribed burning with the residual herbicide indaziflam provides better control of downy brome than either method used alone. Burning stimulates native species and impedes emergence of new seedlings, while indaziflam helps maintain plant community diversity.
Patients with long-term neuropathic pain took significantly fewer sick days after spinal cord stimulation treatment, indicating improved life quality. The study suggests that the treatment can increase life expectancy and reduce productivity loss for patients, resulting in cost savings for society.
FastGC-PTR-MS technology successfully separates and detects butanol isomers in latex paint, with tert-butanol concentration below maximum allowable limit
Research suggests that cancer-related fatigue (CRF) contributes to balance problems in breast cancer survivors, even after chemotherapy. CRF predicts greater postural sway and changes in 'sit-to-stand' function, highlighting the need for rehabilitation professionals to consider CRF in exercise prescriptions.
A national study by UC San Francisco found that basic home blood pressure cuffs and smartphone-connected devices have no significant difference in improving blood pressure control. After six months, patients who used basic cuffs had a lower blood pressure reduction compared to those using Bluetooth-enabled devices.
A new study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that dispensaries often prioritize sales skills over cannabis therapeutics training, leading to a lack of reliable guidance for patients. The study's findings highlight the need for standardized training and education in cannabis therapy to ensure patients receive accurate information.
A multi-institutional team assessed the diagnostic criteria for canine glioma using the Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium's guidelines. The study found that consensus was achieved for 71 out of 85 cases (84%), with a moderate level of inter-pathologist agreement.
A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose enhanced patients' protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults with kidney failure on dialysis. Patients with low circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels had nearly 1.5-fold higher risk of infection.
Researchers successfully developed artificial replicas of GPCRs, allowing for controlled activation and replication of original functionality. The method enables precise modulation of immune cells' responses, holding promise for treating diseases targeted by GPCRs.
The AABB has released clinical practice guidelines for the appropriate use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, recommending its use for nonhospitalized patients at high risk for disease progression. The guidelines suggest that CCP is most effective when transfused with high neutralizing titers early after symptom onset.
Research by Duke University finds that black children exposed to lead have lower test scores, with effects exacerbated in racially segregated neighborhoods. Lead-based paint, aging pipes, and living near polluting sources contribute to environmental contamination, narrowing the achievement gap among minority groups.
Researchers at Tufts University have developed a targeted cancer vaccine that delivers mRNA directly to the lymphatic system, resulting in potent immune responses and complete remission in mice with metastatic melanoma. The vaccine's effectiveness was demonstrated by a 40% rate of complete response and excellent immune memory.
A new AI-designed camera can only record objects of interest, erasing others through light diffraction, maximizing privacy protection. The camera is data- and energy-efficient, making it suitable for power-limited imaging applications.
A study of cardiology programs found that patients' documented DNR preferences are often suspended during TAVR procedures, with varying durations across programs. Only 26% had formal policies governing clinicians' responsibilities in these decisions.
Researchers designed high-fidelity Cas13 variants using mutagenesis to reduce collateral effects, demonstrating their feasibility and efficiency in mammalian cells and animals. The most promising variant, hfCas13d, showed marked reduction in off-target genes and no detectable collateral damage, supporting its potential for gene therapy.
A new study from Edith Cowan University found that exercising six times a day for five days can increase muscle strength by over 10% and improve muscle thickness. The research suggests that daily exercise is more beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and strength, rather than infrequent, longer workouts.
Scientists at Beijing Institute of Technology successfully controlled honeybee steering behavior using unilateral optic lobe electrical stimulation, with an average successful rate of 87% in immobilized status. The study also explored the influence of pulse electrical signal parameters on steering response behaviors.
Scientists from Chongqing University identified four ABA receptors that regulate tomato fruit ripening. Co-silencing these receptors weakened ethylene biosynthesis and delayed ripening, while enhancing fruit firmness and shelf-life.
Researchers have developed a novel computational imaging framework, Compact Light-field Photography (CLIP), allowing the camera system to acquire wide and deep panoramic views. The technology enables the detection of hidden objects around occlusions and has potential applications in autonomous vehicles and medical imaging.
Researchers have found that thawing Arctic hillsides are releasing a significant amount of organic carbon, which was previously locked in frozen ground for thousands of years. This phenomenon is expected to contribute to an already warming climate, and its impact needs to be accounted for in global climate models.
MIT researchers found a vulnerable component in computer processors that can be exploited by malicious agents. They developed two mitigation strategies, including scheduling sensitive software on less vulnerable cores and reserving susceptible cores for trusted applications.
Researchers examined association between direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs and consumer intentions and beliefs related to cardiovascular disease risk. The study found that DTCA may influence consumer attitudes and decisions regarding medication use.
Researchers provide a fresh analysis of grassland soil carbon sequestration, highlighting the importance of microbial transformations and necromass. They found that 80% of European grasslands have unmet potential for carbon storage, while high biodiversity promotes carbon storage.
Researchers discovered a Neptune-sized planet around a bright blue star, shedding light on the dearth of Hot Neptunes. The planet's proximity to its star makes it susceptible to stripping of its gas, but it may survive for a billion years.
A team of researchers from McGill University has discovered a way to control the stickiness of adhesive bandages using ultrasound waves and bubbles. This breakthrough could lead to new advances in medical adhesives, especially in cases where adhesives are difficult to apply.
A nationwide study found a significant increase in maternal death, cardiovascular disorders, and obstetric hemorrhage during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzed data from over 1.6 million pregnant patients and attributed the poor outcomes to pandemic-related stress, disruptions in prenatal care, and limitations on routine check-ups.
Researchers at the University of Tennessee are investigating the movement of amphibian pathogens in wildlife trade networks, with a focus on disease mitigation strategies. The project aims to understand how socio-economic factors impact pathogen dynamics and develop market-based mechanisms to promote healthy trade.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology found that the circadian clock regulates cell cycle progression and differentiation in Arabidopsis. The study used single-cell analysis to show that clock genes directly trigger cell differentiation, revealing a guiding role for the plant circadian clock in cell fate determination.
Scientists have connected two soft crystals and observed energy transfer between them, leading to the potential development of sophisticated materials. The study used rare earth metals called lanthanides, which can luminesce, to create a molecular train that exhibited green luminescence at one end and yellow luminescence at the other.
Scientists develop a new theory to decompose cell differentiation into two landscapes: one for cell types and another for pluripotency. This approach can characterize cellular behavior in systems with proliferation and death.
The study proposes a modified platform using iron-based superconducting nanowires, enabling controllable coupling between different Majoranas and manipulable braiding operations. This allows for the exploration of non-Abelian statistical properties and potential applications in fault-tolerant topological quantum computing.
Researchers from Boston Children's Hospital found that aging heart muscle cells accumulate new genetic mutations over time, but lose the ability to repair them. This accumulation of mutations can push the heart past a tipping point into disease.
Researchers characterize material properties of IP-Q using Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation, revealing elastic parameters and their effects on acoustic behavior. The study optimizes elastic parameters for TPP-fabricated structures, benefiting applications in life science, mobility, and industry.
A Rutgers study found that early-term births (37–38 weeks) have significantly higher symptoms of hyperactivity, ADHD, and cognitive problems or inattention compared to full-term births. Teachers' reports provided valuable input for the diagnosis of ADHD, highlighting the need for regular screenings.
Researchers at the Snyder Institute have identified a promising new approach to treating bacterial skin infections, revealing that monocytes play a crucial role in wound healing. The study highlights the importance of metabolic hormones like ghrelin and leptin in regulating blood vessel growth and tissue repair.
A large meta-analysis suggests that vitamin D supplementation may alleviate depressive symptoms in adults with depression. The analysis included 41 studies and found that vitamin D was more effective than a placebo in alleviating symptoms. However, the results were limited by study heterogeneity and risk of bias.
The UTHSC team will examine the process biochemically using baker's yeast as a genetic model to determine how mTORC1 regulates the epigenome. Understanding these biochemical mechanisms may identify novel targets for anticancer drug development and treat neurodevelopmental disorders.