A study published in Radiology found that COVID-19 pneumonia can lead to persistent lung damage detectable on CT scans even a year after symptoms appear. Persistent CT abnormalities were more common in older adults, male patients, and those with critical COVID-19 severity.
A significant proportion of youth with substance use and depression show early improvements in depression during treatment for substance use. Lower frequency of cannabis use at baseline is a predictor of early depression response. Both additional CBT or community treatment improved depression symptoms in those without an early response.
Researchers at Hiroshima University discovered that pathogenic mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, attach to and multiply within human red blood cells. This interaction may play a role in the spread of lung diseases like tuberculosis.
A new study examines the 'Programme for Results' scheme, a results-based financing package underpinning Ethiopian government's education reforms. It found that several aspects of the project were unfit for purpose from the start, including inadequate systems to measure results and overlooked groups of children with disabilities.
A research team has discovered a genetic sensor of blue light that regulates oil synthesis in industrial microalga, leading to double the microalgal productivity of oils. This finding has major implications for microalgae-based conversion of carbon dioxide to biofuels.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland shows that liquid biopsy can detect cancer mutations months before recurrent breast cancer is detected. This method uses biomarkers released by cancer cells in serum samples to assess changes in intratumoural heterogeneity and provide a more accurate clinical picture.
A study found that AI's sensitivity for detecting fractures was 91-92%, comparable to clinician performance. The technology has potential as an educational tool and 'second reader' to reduce misdiagnosis rates in challenging circumstances.
A new study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center found that 10-second videos of white blood cell motion can predict blood cancer relapse in stem cell and bone marrow transplant patients. The study showed that patients with high adherence levels and rolling along vessel walls were more than three times as likely to have a relapse o...
A new study sheds light on the destructive power of organized crime in international trade, using Mexico's sea cucumber population as a case study. The research reveals that over 100 metric tonnes of sea cucumbers were seized between 2011 and 2021, with an estimated value of $29.55 million.
Researchers found that maternal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity in early childhood predicts child somatisation at school age. The study highlights the importance of considering family trauma history in pediatric consultations to improve patient care.
A UCI-led study has found that early life adversity can lead to microglia dysfunction, resulting in abnormal stress responses later in life. The researchers discovered that microglial pruning of excitatory synapses during brain development is crucial for refining functional circuits and preventing aberrant stress responses.
A new treatment approach has been proposed for children with congenital muscle disorders, using inhibitors to improve muscle function and movement in mice with mutations in the RYR1 gene. The therapy targets genetic material overload caused by excessive enzyme production, leading to reduced access of genes to cellular machinery.
UC Santa Barbara geologists Melissa Scruggs and Frank Spera led an international team in publishing the first holistic account of the Tonga eruption, which devastated the nation on January 15. The eruption triggered massive tsunamis and atmospheric waves globally, with an ash plume reaching over 58 kilometers into the atmosphere.
A group of medical students from NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine conducted a meta-analysis on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients. They found that immunocompromised patients produced significantly lower antibodies after vaccination, with only a third achieving seroconversion after two doses.
Researchers at UT Southwestern identified a four-protein complex crucial for ribosome production, shedding light on the process of ribosome biogenesis. The findings may lead to new treatments for conditions like cancer, ribosomopathies, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that dysfunction in a key brain cell subtype contributes to chronic symptoms in Dravet syndrome. The study suggests that increasing expression of Nav1.1 in parvalbumin interneuron axon may be a viable therapeutic target for patients.
A POSTECH research team has developed a platform that can control and measure the properties of solid materials with light. This breakthrough enables the manipulation of quantum states in solids, which can be effectively used in quantum systems.
Research suggests that physically active individuals experience a milder form of COVID-19, with a reduced risk of hospitalization and death. Studies have found that physical activity can prolong vaccine effectiveness and boost the immune response, offering promising avenues for future research.
Researchers at Binghamton University discovered that orb-weaving spiders use their webs as extended auditory arrays to capture sounds, allowing them to detect prey and predators. The study found that the spiders can respond to sound levels as low as 68 decibels and localize sound sources with 100% accuracy.
A new study found that napping can positively affect preschool children's learning of letter-sound mappings and transfer this knowledge to reading unfamiliar words. The research suggests that naps may facilitate the acquisition and application of these fundamental literacy skills.
A new study found that non-medical first responders, such as police and fire departments, are associated with higher cardiac arrest survival rates. They initiated CPR in 31.8% of incidents and AED use in 6.1% of cases, leading to significantly improved chances of survival and hospital discharge.
Researchers have identified avocado meal as a safe and palatable fiber source for dogs, rivaling industry standards in digestibility and energy intake. The study found that persin levels were undetectable in processed meal, contradicting long-held concerns about avocado toxicity in pets.
Researchers have found a possible target for ALS treatment in astrocyte abnormalities. Astrocytes, a subtype of cells in the central nervous system, are involved in motor neuron death, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. The study offers hope for developing new drugs to block this process.
Researchers at the University of Surrey have developed a new design for ultra-thin photovoltaic panels that absorbs over 65% of sunlight, outperforming previous records. The innovative honeycomb structure enables efficient light absorption from any angle, trapping light inside the solar cell and generating more energy.
Researchers at the University of South Australia have developed a novel approach to rubber recycling that repurposes end-of-life tyres into concrete for residential constructions. The study found that crumb rubber concrete is a safe, green alternative with higher impact resistance, toughness, and ductility compared to conventional conc...
A new brain-computer interface device has been found safe in a small study of people with ALS, allowing participants to communicate through text and perform daily tasks. Researchers have also developed a machine-learning decoder that enables independent computer control without eye tracking.
A new study published in Nature Immunology finds that B cells produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which blocks white blood cell production and reduces cardiovascular inflammation. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.
Researchers developed an eco-friendly nano asphalt binder that significantly reduces energy consumption while minimizing vapours and greenhouse gas emissions during production. The technology can provide increased efficiency and reduce carbon production, with CO2 reductions of up to 15%, leading to significant environmental benefits.
Recent research reveals that mobile siRNAs play a crucial role in transgressive methylation in grapevine plants, influencing phenotypic changes in heterografts. The study demonstrates bi-directional small RNA transfers between graft partners, with preferential transfer of scion-derived smRNAs to the rootstock.
Researchers at CRCHUM discover that cell division in mouse embryos occurs asymmetrically, with cytokinesis primarily pinched from one side. This finding challenges traditional textbook views of cell division and may have implications for embryo viability and human fertility.
A new study found that integrating behavioral health into pediatric primary care at federally qualified health centers increases access, timeliness of care, and diagnostic rates of ADHD among diverse children. The model resulted in higher follow-up rates with behavioral health clinicians and reduced polypharmacy.
Researchers found a persistent 20% reduction in carbon dioxide seeping up from the ground during the spring of 2017, coinciding with intense drought and record-high Sierra Nevada snowpack. The study suggests that changes in Earth's hydrology due to climate change can impact volcanic emissions.
Researchers found that high levels of both amyloid and tau proteins impair memory functions, but only when amyloid burden is also high. The study suggests that anti-amyloid therapies may be beneficial in reducing memory impairment in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
The Johns Hopkins-developed sensor combines accuracy levels approaching PCR testing with the speed of rapid antigen tests, offering a strong advantage over existing methods. It can be used for mass testing in disposable chip formats or on rigid or flexible surfaces.
A recent study published in Translational Psychiatry found that pharmacogenetic testing significantly improved symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The study involved 276 patients and showed a nearly two-fold increase in remission rates compared to treatment as usual.
Researchers used machine learning to predict the most important factors underlying heavy metal pollution remediation in biochar-treated soils. Biochar nitrogen content and application rate were found to be the most crucial features in determining HM immobilization, with soil properties also playing a significant role.
Researchers at TUM have developed a new process for producing ethanol from waste wood and hydrogen, resulting in a lower cost compared to traditional methods. The process has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 75% and can be used as a low-carbon fuel alternative.
Researchers have created a biobank of breast cancer organoids from 87 patient tumor samples, including nearly half that are 'triple negative', an aggressive form of the disease. The biobank allows scientists to test specific drugs on those cancers in a dish, potentially leading to better treatment options.
Colorado State University researchers have developed a system that creates renewable energy while diverting waste from landfills, producing valuable products like sustainable aviation fuel and cleaning solvents. The ReSOURCE system can offset the carbon dioxide equivalent of 6.2 million cars a year.
A recent study found that formerly incarcerated men face a dilemma when deciding whether to use their prison credentials, which can signal redeemable qualities but also perpetuate negative stereotypes. Changing credential names or having them issued by external organizations may provide short-term solutions to overcome these issues.
Dr. Elaine S. Jaffe is being recognized for her pioneering work in hematopathology, including the discovery of novel pathological entities and her development of standardized diagnostic criteria for lymphoma and leukemia. She has also made significant contributions to advancing cancer research, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
A study found that Listeria monocytogenes survives better at lower storage temperatures in both cured and soft cheeses. The bacteria can thrive in these conditions, posing a risk to public health despite refrigeration.
A large population-based study found chronic low back pain (CLBP) associated with reduced brain volume in pain-processing areas, including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala. This association remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors.
Researchers are combining optogenetics and fMRI to study the links between brain activity and behavior. This hybrid approach allows for targeted manipulation and monitoring of brain function in awake and behaving rodents, providing valuable insights into neural mechanisms.
A new study discovered a previously unknown mechanism in roundworms that protects their egg cells from division errors, which could lead to new strategies for combatting infertility in humans. The study found that removing certain proteins allowed another motor protein to kick in as a backup, restoring the spindle structure and allowin...
A recent study found that child abuse investigations by Child Protective Services (CPS) do not necessarily prevent poor sexual health outcomes in adolescent girls. In fact, the researchers discovered that girls who underwent investigation were more likely to experience adverse sexual health outcomes, including STIs and pregnancy, befor...
A study identifies new biomarkers that predict the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis, providing a non-invasive way to detect cardiovascular disease. The research team analyzed blood plasma samples and validated three proteins as biomarkers, improving the prediction of cardiovascular risk.
Researchers developed a foldable sensor sheet using kirigami principles, enabling wearable devices to conform to the human body and detect electrocardiographic signals. The sensor measures 200 square millimeters and can accurately relay heart data across multiple people, making it suitable for early diagnosis of disease.
Researchers found that an appreciation of the US dollar leads to higher stock returns, while a decline in local currency stock returns accompanies a weaker dollar. Emerging market economy stocks with high dollar beta tend to have higher average returns.
Daily physical activity has been associated with a lower risk of disabling dementia among Japanese adults. Researchers found that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was inversely related to the risk of developing severe cognitive decline.
A new study by a University of Georgia researcher finds that plastic bag bans or fees can lead to an increase in the sale of smaller trash bags, potentially offsetting any reduction in plastic waste. Sales of larger trash bags remain relatively unchanged.
A study led by Max Planck researchers found that parrots with large relative brain sizes have longer lifespans, averaging up to 30 years. This suggests that increased cognitive ability may help parrots navigate threats and enjoy longer lives.
A new study found that women's health research is disproportionately focused on reproductive years, particularly pregnancy, leaving few articles on major causes of illness and death. Non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, are poorly covered in women's health publications.
The study demonstrates the potential of using 'translating' nanoparticles to facilitate communication between bacteria and yeast, enabling applications in medicine, agriculture, and synthetic biology. The team's findings pave the way for regulating interactions between bacteria and human cells.
A study published in European Heart Journal found that serum sodium levels can help identify adults with a greater chance of experiencing heart disease. The research suggests that staying well-hydrated and consuming sufficient amounts of fluids throughout life may also reduce the risk of severe heart problems in the future.
Researchers at Lund University have found a link between microRNA levels and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. By reducing the levels of miR-200c, they were able to increase insulin secretion in human cells.
Researchers use stem cells from people with extra X chromosomes to identify key genes contributing to symptoms like infertility and intellectual disability. The study's findings could lead to new treatments for these conditions.
Researchers observed rapid electron precipitation from low-Earth orbit using the ELFIN mission, which was caused by whistler waves affecting electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere. The findings demonstrate that whistler waves are responsible for far more electron rain than current theories and space weather models predict.
A team of researchers has developed a MEMS scanning lidar that can detect objects reliably even in shaky environments. The long-range MEMS lidar prototype uses a digital controller to suppress errors caused by vibrations, allowing for stable 3D imaging and object detection.
A new literature review of 90 research papers found that changes in income have a major impact on child abuse and neglect rates. Improvements in income reduce the numbers being harmed, while reductions increase them.
Researchers at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg create a new shape-stabilized phase change material that can absorb significantly more heat and is made of harmless substances. The material, which can be used as large panels integrated into walls, can store up to 24 times more heat than conventional concrete or wallboard.
Researchers have designed a manganese dioxide/carbon nanosheet composite material to address electrode morphology and size distribution issues. The composite exhibits superior electrochemical properties, including higher specific capacitance, better multiplicative performance, and lower internal resistance.
A recent study examined changes in suicide rates in Japan from 2009 to 2021, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings indicate a significant increase in suicides during this period, particularly among young people and those with mental health conditions.
Chronic skin wounds and biofilm infections pose significant challenges in healthcare. A new NIH-funded project aims to develop a novel class of molecules targeting bacterial iron homeostasis to combat these infections. The researchers have identified proof-of-concept small molecules that can inhibit the BfrB-Bfd protein-protein interac...
Developers are integrating optical coherence tomography (OCT) machines into sensor packages to create fast and accurate LiDAR systems. These advancements enable robots and cars to see the world in a more natural and safe manner, improving interaction with humans.
A new study by researchers from the Annenberg Public Policy Center finds that exposure to alternative health media can affect beliefs about consequential health-care issues like vaccination. After Dr. Mehmet Oz endorsed the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine on a March 2019 episode of “The Dr. Oz Show,” significantly more people in hi...
Researchers at Insilico Medicine have used AI to identify potential targets that are implicated in multiple age-related diseases and also play a role in the basic biology of aging. The study resulted in the identification of 69 high-confidence targets with potential high druggability.
A new study suggests that people with type 1 diabetes who have high levels of psychological resilience are more likely to manage their condition successfully. The research found that those with low resilience also had poorer blood sugar control after two years.
Researchers have discovered two distinct classes of cancer-associated fibroblasts that accumulate in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and play opposing roles. The study suggests that targeting these unique cell populations may improve treatment outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients.
Financial markets are highly efficient, making it challenging for investors to predict performance and achieve lasting profits. Research reveals that pockets of predictability are interspersed with periods of little to no evident predictability, self-extinguishing due to competitors emulating edges.
A new app called Metaboseek has been developed to streamline the analysis of comparative metabolomics data, helping researchers identify valuable compounds. The app was created by a postdoctoral research associate and is now essential to his lab's work.
A new study reveals AI's potential in reducing workload for radiologists and improving breast cancer detection rates, with favorable histopathologic characteristics associated with better prognosis. The technology has shown encouraging results for cancer detection, but evidence related to its use in real screening settings is limited.
A study by Ohio State University researcher Yasuyuki Motoyama found that small, high-growth firms in Columbus moved either downtown or to the suburbs, often near their original location. The study suggests that these businesses can drive local economic growth and contribute to regional development.
Researchers used AI to detect dialects in zebra finch songs, showing they play a key role in mate choice. Females prefer males who sing the same dialect as their parents, indicating cultural trait importance over physical appearance.
Seismologists have developed methods to take wave signals from seismometers and reverse engineer features of the medium they pass through, known as seismic tomography. A new full-waveform inversion model uses 3D wave simulations and data sensitivities at the global scale to improve the resolution of current seismic models.
Researchers advocate for a paradigm shift in forecasting corrosion damage within reinforced concrete structures, citing the flaws of using a single theoretical concept. A multiscale, multidisciplinary approach is needed to quantify corrosion rates and develop reliable forecast models.
The project aims to replace fossil materials with innovative bio-based materials from agricultural tree crops. Poplars are grown on poorly nutrient-supplied soils and used to develop sustainable products, including furniture and household items.
A rehabilitation psychologist's role is to guide patients through the process of rehab and recovery, addressing cognitive, behavioral, and emotional barriers that hinder progress. These experts can help individuals adjust to a new diagnosis, stay motivated during recovery, and deal with the emotional aftermath of hospitalization.
Researchers at Penn Medicine have developed a new approach to alter immune cells for CAR T cell therapy in just 24 hours, cutting manufacturing time from nine to 14 days. This could make the therapy more cost-effective and accessible to more patients.
Research found that invasive earthworms significantly reduce the number of insects, biomass, and species richness above ground in Canadian forests. The study suggests that changes in soil conditions caused by earthworms may also affect vegetation, but no significant alteration was detected.
Researchers at University of Gothenburg found that process water from the food industry can be used as fertilizer in land-based seaweed cultivation, increasing growth rates by over 60% and protein content quadrupled. This sustainable approach could provide an alternative source of protein in future foods.
Researchers at Temple University found that individuals with prior COVID-19 infection experienced rapid antibody production after the first vaccine dose, but showed little increase after the second dose. This contrasts with those without a history of infection, who exhibited massive responses after the second dose.
Researchers developed an estimation strategy to maximize accuracy while minimizing cost of soil carbon sampling, leveraging publicly available data. The new approach reduces the number of samples needed by up to 28% compared to random selection.
Researchers have discovered that UV-LED lights can inactivate coronaviruses and HIV within seconds, making them a promising tool for disinfecting public spaces. The study found that repeated exposure to UV light is key to catching virus particles, and the lights are easy to retrofit into existing fixtures.
Katalin Karikó, a Hungarian-born biochemist, received the 2022 Vilcek Prize for Excellence in Biotechnology for her decades-long research leading to the development of safe and effective mRNA vaccines. Her work has had a profound impact on culture and society, particularly in the fight against COVID-19.
A new study on Mars' ice deposits provides insight into the planet's past climate, matching layers to Martian orbital dynamics with unprecedented resolution. The findings help scientists understand Mars' climate history and identify potential periods of habitability.
Researchers from around the world have developed new breeding tools to help potato breeders adapt their crops to a changing climate. The collaboration identified useful traits, such as local adaptability and climate flexibility, in wild varieties of potatoes, which can be used to cut down on the time and cost of developing new cultivars.
A new study shows that a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease, sargramostim, improves cognitive function in people with Down syndrome and normal aging mice. The drug reverses learning and memory deficits, nerve cell loss, and brain abnormalities in mouse models of Down syndrome and aging.
A large NIH-funded study found significant disparities in acute asthma care utilization among Black, Latino, and white children. Black children accessed community health centers less frequently than white children, while Latino children were more likely to visit CHCs for comprehensive care.
Scientists have developed a new approach to expand the target range of CRISPR/Cas systems, allowing for slight variations in target DNA while maintaining local specificity. This technology could help realize the potential of CRISPR/Cas-based gene therapy and pathogen diagnosis, particularly for diagnostics.
Researchers found that one viral protein suppresses infection with hepatitis E. However, experimental studies in mice revealed a different pattern, suggesting the two viruses affect each other in complex ways. Further analysis of liver cells is needed to shed light on the underlying causes of co-infection.
A University of Illinois study found that neighborhoods with fewer trees have higher medical costs and poorer health outcomes. Residents in areas with more tree cover incur $374 less in medical costs per year, a difference that translates to approximately $194 million annually.
A systematic review of animal studies suggests that regular caffeine consumption can increase attention and retention capacity in people with ADHD. The study found improved concentration, learning benefits, and memory improvements without adverse effects on blood pressure or body weight.
Researchers developed a new framework to extract meaningful vectorial metrics from Mueller matrix elements, providing insights into exotic material characterization and precise cancer boundary detection. The framework establishes a universal metric for calculating different physical properties of target objects.
A new project at the University of Strathclyde aims to identify and diagnose speech disorders in primary school age children. The Variability in Child Speech (VariCS) project will analyze speech patterns in over 500 children to differentiate between typical and disordered speech.
A study published in eLife suggests that accelerated epigenetic age acceleration may increase the risk of bowel cancer. Biological age measured by an epigenetic clock was found to be associated with a 12% increased risk of bowel cancer, particularly colon cancer.
A recent study analyzing traditional and social media trends on biotechnology found a significant drop in the salience of the GMO issue between 2018 and 2020. The research suggests that misinformation about GMOs is losing its ability to persuade, even on social media.