A new proof-of-concept Randomized Controlled Trial found tofacitinib effective and safe for Polymyalgia Rheumatica treatment, potentially avoiding steroid use. The study's results suggest a promising alternative treatment option for patients with this condition.
Researchers using genetic databases study the interaction between biological forces and social environments to better understand complex behaviors. By analyzing massive banks of genetic data, scientists can clarify the nuances of human behavior and improve social science research.
A new study reveals that HIV patients in Washington D.C. were particularly vulnerable to psychosocial challenges like depression, anxiety, and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older patients were found to be more resilient compared to younger ones, highlighting the importance of social security in weathering intense stressors.
A systematic review of 41 studies involving 7,800 participants found that psychosocial interventions led to decreased healthcare utilization in most services. The greatest reductions were seen among caregivers and individuals with mental illnesses, particularly when interventions were delivered one-on-one by health professionals.
IceCube researchers have produced an image of the Milky Way using neutrinos for the first time, suggesting that cosmic ray interactions are more intense in the galaxy's center than previously thought. This achievement is made possible by advancements in Machine Learning, enabling deeper analysis of the data.
A new study from Yale School of Public Health researchers found that Black and Latinx LGBTQ+ youth living in U.S. states with discriminatory policies are more likely to experience symptoms of depression. The study controlled for individual experiences of bullying based on race and ethnicity or sexual orientation, finding a 32% increase...
A new study finds that long-term disinvestment in health and wealth resources in historically redlined neighborhoods contributes to a disproportionate rate of kidney failure among Black adults. Redlining, the discriminatory federal housing policy from the 1930s, has been associated with current racial inequities in poor health outcomes.
The UTHSC College of Pharmacy received a record-high $19.2 million in NIH funding in fiscal year 2022, jumping six places from No. 12 the previous year. The college's rise to No. 6 is attributed to its culture of scholarship and collaborative research.
A new study of French preschool children reveals differences in engagement opportunities linked to social class, suggesting that early childhood education is not maximizing its potential as an equalizing force. Low-SES students spoke less frequently and for less time compared to high-SES students.
A comprehensive review article reviews the status of biobased succinic acid production using microbial metabolically engineered microorganisms. The article highlights key findings on titer, yield, and productivity achieved by various microorganisms.
The Vlasiator model demonstrated that two central theories on plasma eruptions in near-Earth space are simultaneously valid: magnetic reconnection and kinetic instabilities. This finding helps understand how these events occur and improves the predictability of space weather.
Research highlights energy insecurity as a determinant of poor health, with disproportionately affected groups including low-income households and mobile home occupants. Energy insecurity encompasses physical, economic, and coping dimensions, reflecting financial hardship, housing quality issues, and adaptive strategies.
A global study of over 5,000 participants from 27 countries found that economic inequality is driven more by scarcity than cognitive biases. The research confirms that choice patterns among low-income individuals do not uniquely explain protracted poverty.
The study found that patients with long COVID experience different symptom clusters and patterns of symptoms over time. The research provides valuable insights into the complex nature of long COVID and its treatment, which can inform evidence-driven approaches for millions of people affected by lingering symptoms.
New review explores MDXX drugs' potential as novel treatments for ASD, focusing on therapeutic efficacy and safety. The study highlights the importance of balancing these factors to develop effective and relatively safer molecules for ASD treatment.
A recent study by HSE researchers found that people of lower status tend to drink higher-proof alcohol and consume more overall. Higher-status individuals are more likely to drink but consume less due to factors like education, income, and awareness of health risks.
A study found disparities in Hispanic cancer mortality rates, with higher rates for men in certain age groups and women for liver, pancreatic, and uterine cancers. The researchers highlight the need for targeted education and screening efforts to address these disparities.
A large Swedish study found that higher cardiorespiratory fitness may lower the incidence and mortality rates of certain cancers in men. The researchers suggest prioritizing CRF interventions for individuals with low fitness levels.
A recent study elucidated the role of EGF and its downstream signaling cascade in controlling oral keratinocyte behavior, offering new insights for pharmacological manipulation. The findings suggest that activating the EGF/EGFR pathway can enhance oral keratinocyte motility and proliferation.
A new study examines the effects of minor infraction suspensions on non-disciplined Black and White American adolescents. The research found that witnessing same-race peers' suspensions can lead to more defiant behaviors among non-suspended Black American youth, while White American youth may become more cynical when witnessing racial ...
A new species of mosquito, Culex modestus, has been discovered in Finland, adding to the country's mosquito species count. The discovery is an important addition to the understanding of mosquitoes and their potential pathogens, with no reported cases of West Nile virus transmission in humans or horses.
Researchers from IMBA identify a family of virus-like transposons called Mavericks that facilitate horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between reproductively isolated worm species. The study reveals the role of Mavericks in overcoming the species barrier, with potential applications in pathogen control and genomic innovation.
Researchers analyzed satellite data from 1967 to 2021, finding nearly twice as many grids with declining snow cover as advancing ones. Snow presence is decreasing in Arctic and southern latitudes, while some areas like Eastern Canada see an increase.
Researchers warn that exploding wild pig and macaque populations in Southeast Asia pose significant zoonotic disease risks to humans. The study, led by the University of Queensland, found that these animals can carry diseases that can be transmitted to people, highlighting the need for urgent management solutions.
A new study found that certain credentials, such as more education, references, and experience, can offset the negative impact of a criminal record on job prospects. Applicants with a criminal record were less likely to be hired without these credentials, but more likely to be hired if they had relevant experience or a college degree.
Researchers developed a compact and efficient single-photon Raman lidar system that can detect oil spills in the ocean. The system uses just 1μJ of pulse energy and can be operated up to 1km underwater, making it suitable for monitoring leaks in underwater oil pipelines.
A University of Missouri study found that consumers are more likely to use virtual apparel try-on software if it is interactive and easy to use. The research suggests that making the technology versatile can reduce privacy concerns, with qualities like interactivity having a direct impact on users' willingness to shop virtually.
A soft robotics glove with integrated sensors and AI can aid patients in relearning daily tasks after neurotrauma, including playing music. The glove provides hand guidance, amplifying dexterity and motor skills.
Early hallucinations in Parkinson's disease patients are linked to faster cognitive decline. A study published in Nature Mental Health found that those with early hallucinations experience more rapid cognitive decline over the next five years. The researchers hope to develop neurotechnology methods for early detection and treatment.
Research from University of Illinois Chicago found water fasts spur noticeable short-term weight loss, but metabolic benefits disappear soon after fast ends. Participants lost 4-10% of their weight during the fast, and some gained back the lost weight within three months.
The expert panel's recommendations aim to improve early detection of mild cognitive impairment in primary care, benefiting patients and caregivers. The work group advocates for the routine use of brief cognitive assessments to identify patients in need of full cognitive examination.
A team of scientists identified the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex as a key region in predicting rumination, which is linked to depression. The study's findings suggest that dynamic connectivity between brain regions can be used to decode rumination patterns.
A study published in Ecosphere found that national park attendance numbers remained steady despite the presence of high levels of wildfire smoke. The researchers used breakpoint modeling to analyze data from 1980-2019 and found that even dramatic amounts of smoke did not deter visitors.
A team of chemists at UC Riverside has discovered that the distribution of a magnetic field is itself chiral, allowing for the rapid formation of chiral structures. This method has potential applications in sensing and anti-counterfeit technology, such as detecting chiral or achiral molecules linked to certain diseases.
Scientists have developed a new method to measure moderately saturated sources of the Ultra-Violet Optical Telescope onboard the Swift satellite. GRB 220101A is the most energetic ultraviolet/optical flare ever detected, with a luminosity approximately 400 quadrillion times that of the Sun.
The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) has released a new clinical guideline for managing antithrombotic therapy in patients with COVID-19-related arterial thrombosis and thromboembolism. The guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to improve risk-evaluation and treatment course.
Scientists have developed a method to engineer tubulins with precise post-translational modifications, revealing a new interplay between polyglutamylation and detyrosination. This breakthrough uncovers the tubulin code's connection to microtubule function and its regulation in cells.
Researchers detect thin layers of Canadian wildfire smoke in German atmosphere, suggesting connections to cirrus clouds and potential impacts on climate. The study's findings highlight the urgent need for further investigation into aerosol effects on atmospheric radiation budget.
Researchers at U.S. National Science Foundation's IceCube Neutrino Observatory reveal a galactic portrait made with particles of matter, unlike any before, by determining the origin of thousands of neutrinos. The breakthrough allows for the first 'ghost particle' image of the Milky Way galaxy.
A study published in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery found that lower oxygen delivery thresholds are associated with reduced risk of kidney injury. Researchers recommend reevaluating current guidelines for oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass to minimize unnecessary blood transfusions and improve patient outcomes.
SUTD researchers created a CMOS-compatible, slow-light-based transmission grating device for high-speed data dispersion compensation. The devices achieved minimal loss and improved error correction performance, paving the way for on-chip integration in transceivers.
A Spanish study found that menstrual education is still inadequate, leading to embarrassing and stressful experiences during first periods. The research suggests that reliable information on managing symptoms and seeking medical help is crucial for improving menstrual health.
Researchers discovered high levels of antibiotic resistance among war-wounded patients in Ukrainian hospitals, with nearly 10% resistant to colistin. The study highlights the challenges posed by resistant bacteria in times of war, particularly the highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria.
A recent study found that older Americans living in warmer regions are more likely to experience serious vision impairment. The odds of severe vision impairment were 14% higher for temperatures between 50-54.99°F, 24% higher for 55-59.99°F, and 44% higher for those above 60°F.
The 2023 International Venus Observation Campaign aims to characterize the planet's atmosphere near the cloud-top level from three locations in the solar system. Key findings include the discovery of unknown UV absorbers in the upper clouds, which will be studied using data from JAXA's Akatsuki orbiter and ground-based telescopes.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen and Roskilde University found that computers malfunction between 11 and 20 percent of the time, wasting users' productivity. The researchers identify insufficient performance and lack of user-friendliness as the two biggest categories of problems.
A Japanese research team identified two critical signaling pathways regulating stem cell differentiation in the stomach, promoting healthy homeostasis and protecting against gastric diseases. The study, published in Nature Communications, sheds light on the mechanisms behind cellular renewal and differentiation.
Researchers identify altered proteins predicting islet autoimmunity, a precursor to Type 1 diabetes. The findings mark an important step forward in predicting the disease months before symptoms appear.
The new policy paper emphasizes the importance of Indigenous knowledge and data in subnational decision-making for a sustainable green transition. It identifies key strategies to enhance inclusion, such as awareness-raising among policymakers, increasing Indigenous representation, and facilitating knowledge exchange.
Researchers at Columbia University develop an energy-efficient method for transferring larger quantities of data over fiber-optic cables by using wavelength-division multiplexing and Kerr frequency combs. The new technology improves on previous attempts to transmit multiple signals simultaneously, enabling systems to transfer exponenti...
A new study found consistently high TB case rates among incarcerated people, but low detection rates. Nearly half of TB cases were not detected, highlighting the need for increased efforts to reduce TB spread in prisons.
A Portland State professor is studying the environmental consequences of the renewable energy transition, including lithium mining and battery manufacturing. The research aims to balance benefits with burdens on underserved communities, through interviews, focus groups, and workshops.
A recent study confirmed which genes in the HiVir cluster are essential and which contribute partially to the disease. The toxin produced by Pantoea ananatis has broad-spectrum activity, potentially targeting conserved functions within plants.
A recent study by Saint Louis University researchers found that Kenya's population has more than tripled since 1980, while climate-suitable areas for primary crops have decreased by 28% over the same period. This shift is due to increased dryness and higher temperatures reducing agricultural productivity.
A new study from Aarhus University has found that applying AI predictions of protein structures enhances the CRISPR technology, making the cuts in a patient's DNA more precise. This discovery may lead to better treatments for patients with genetic disorders and potentially develop cures for various genetic diseases.
A new meta-analysis of 29 randomized controlled trials on cognitive-behavioral techniques for treating gambling problems found mixed results, including potential overstatements of treatment benefits. The analysis highlighted publication bias and limited funding as contributing factors to the shortcomings of existing research.
A new computer simulation suggests that domestic cats' noses function similarly to parallel coiled gas chromatographs, enabling efficient odor detection. This finding deepens understanding of how the evolution of convoluted channels enabled mammals' enhanced sense of smell.
A new study reveals that infants aged 4 to 18 months produce more protophones, the foundation of speech, when using artificial objects compared to natural ones. This suggests that man-made objects play a crucial role in developing language skills by encouraging vocalization and interaction with parents.
Researchers from West Virginia University have made a groundbreaking discovery by detecting evidence of low-frequency gravitational waves, which can only be perceived with a detector much larger than the Earth. The signal was detected using pulsar timing arrays and has significant implications for understanding spacetime dynamics.
Large-scale agriculture is escalating flooding in the Argentinean Pampas by disrupting groundwater reserves, increasing flood coverage, and making precipitation-sensitive lands more vulnerable. This transformation has resulted in floods doubling their coverage and becoming more sensitive to changes in precipitation.