Astronomers have discovered an Earth-size exoplanet, LP 791-18 d, that may be covered in volcanoes. The planet's high volcanic activity could sustain an atmosphere and potentially support liquid water on its night side.
A clinical trial using DIALIVE, a novel liver dialysis device, demonstrated significant improvements in all main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Treatment resulted in accelerated resolution of ACLF and sustained improvement in biomarkers.
A UC Irvine-led study found that Medicaid telemedicine coverage led to a 6% increase in telemedicine use and an 11% increase in consistent access to necessary care. Private policies did not have such an association, highlighting the positive impact of Medicaid telemedicine coverage.
Researchers at the National Human Genome Research Institute identified a potential treatment for disabling pansclerotic morphea, a severe inflammatory disease. They found that patients with the disorder have an overactive STAT4 protein and significantly improved symptoms with ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor.
A study published in Brain Behavior and Immunity found autoantibodies against a synaptic adhesion protein, neurexin 1α, in patients with schizophrenia. In mice, these autoantibodies caused schizophrenia-related changes, including reduced social behavior and cognitive function.
Researchers found that tiger reserves in India receive additional resources, resulting in reduced deforestation and avoided carbon emissions. This led to the saving of over 5,800 hectares of forest and net avoided emissions of about 1.08 million tons of CO2 equivalent.
Research finds that Massachusetts' policy mandating reporting to child protective services for prenatal opioid use disorder (MOUD) exposure can be stigmatizing and lead to medical decision-making changes. The study calls for changing the law to uncouple treatment decisions from mandated reporting during the perinatal period.
Researchers have identified opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) as a promising new target for enhancing lipid oxidation. Studies in rodents and human subjects suggest that OGFr boosts lipid metabolism, improving thermogenesis and reducing the risk of obesity-related diseases.
The study reveals the life cycles of four Lonomia Walker species, characterized by unique morphological features. New parasitoids and host plants have also been discovered, shedding light on the complex relationships within this genus.
Researchers used the NIRISS instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope to create a temperature map of the exoplanet WASP-18 b, revealing a huge temperature change from day to night sides. Water vapor was also detected in the atmosphere at various elevations.
Researchers developed an AI system, Geneformer, to predict how disruptions in human gene connections cause disease. The model, trained on data from thousands of genes, can identify potential drug targets for diseases like heart disease and cancer.
Research found that low oxygen levels in infants due to sleep apnea can lead to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in high blood pressure. The study's findings may contribute to the development of novel therapies for patients with hypertension who do not respond well to treatment.
A study of almost 65,000 children aged up to 5 found that nearly 27% are infected with malaria, with older under-five children and those from large families or rural areas being most vulnerable. Insecticide-treated bed nets and improved housing are promising means to prevent malaria infection among children.
Leaders of research funding agencies from four countries discussed initiatives to promote equality and inclusion in academia. FAPESP's quota system has increased diversity among USP students, while UKRI emphasizes the importance of diverse perspectives in driving research forward.
A Vanderbilt study found that enhanced treatment support doubles the odds of quitting among fast nicotine metabolizers. Providing personalized coaching on nicotine replacement therapy reduces the abstinence disparity with slow metabolizers.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that elevated levels of two protein biomarkers associated with heart damage were linked to undetected or symptomless cardiovascular disease in adults with Type 2 diabetes. The study analyzed health information and blood samples from over 10,300 adults and foun...
A Washington State University-led study reveals that plants can distinguish between touch and release by sending slow waves of calcium signals when touched and rapid waves when released. The researchers used specially bred plants with calcium sensors to detect these changes, providing new insights into plant sensitivity.
Researchers have developed a fully photostable and photoswitchable nanoparticle that can be controlled indefinitely using near-infrared light. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize fields such as optical memory, super-resolution microscopy, and bioimaging.
A team of researchers found that a small population of nerve cells exists in everyone that could be coaxed to regrow, potentially restoring sight and movement. The discovery provides new insights into how axons grow and could lead to effective therapies for blindness, paralysis, and other disorders caused by nerve damage.
Research estimates that continental landmasses have absorbed 23.8 x 10^21 Joules of heat between 1960 and 2020, with most stored up to 300m deep in the earth. This increase poses risks to ecosystems and food security due to associated warming and changes in water quality.
Only 16 US states provide free, detailed, and updated suicide data from their prison systems, but many others have incomplete, sparse, or no data at all. This lack of transparency is in violation of the Death in Custody Reporting Act.
A new study in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease examines the effects of environmental enrichment on AD symptom progression and pathology. The researchers found that living in an enriched environment improved several measures of metabolism and reduced individual behaviors, which became more similar and rigid as the disease progressed.
A new American Heart Association scientific statement highlights the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease on AI/AN women. The study reveals that more than 60% of these women have suboptimal heart health when pregnant, increasing their risk of heart disease later in life.
A new study from the University of Waterloo highlights four strategies to enhance equity and justice in climate action planning: modifying strategies, designing collaborative spaces, addressing gaps between words and actions, and considering underlying social processes. By prioritizing vulnerable populations and local actors, urban gov...
The study reveals the formation mechanism of a boundary lubrication film on the grinding interface, which reduces abrasive grain/workpiece contact area. Carbon group nanoparticles further enhance tribological performances, with reduced tangential grinding forces of 8.5-14.1%.
A special issue of Health Equity journal explores ways to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in healthcare for veterans. Research highlights successful initiatives, such as a biweekly Diversity Equity and Inclusion Working Group meeting, and a 5-fold increase in women Veteran enrollment in the VA Million Veteran Program.
The DOE's Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program supports Zap Energy's sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch technology, a promising approach to fusion energy. With $5 million in funding, Zap aims to develop a grid-ready power source and engage with local communities.
Researchers presented findings on pembrolizumab for brain metastases, virtual mind-body interventions for post-treatment survival, and dynamic HER2-low status in triple negative breast cancer. The studies aim to improve treatments and outcomes for patients with cancer.
The SWOG Cancer Research Network will present 30 abstracts at the ASCO 2023 annual meeting, highlighting primary results from trials S1011, S1826, S1714, and S1929. Additionally, analysis from the S1609 DART trial will be shared publicly during the meeting.
A new study found that male infants make 10% more utterances in the first year compared to females, but this difference switches direction by the second year. The researchers suggest that male infants may have an evolutionary advantage due to their higher mortality rate in the first year.
A recent study has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of a liver dialysis device in treating acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The device, DIALIVE, was associated with significant improvements in symptoms and organ function compared to standard care.
Research shows that corn takes up about 67% of its nitrogen naturally from soil, rather than fertilizer. However, applying different forms and timing of fertilizers can improve efficiency, with nitrate being the most efficient source. Banding placement was also found to be more efficient than broadcasting.
Researchers have developed a simplified method to assess the synchronization properties of the body clock with internal and external rhythms. The study demonstrated that phase response curves can be assessed from a single measurement, revealing varying responses depending on tissue type.
A large study tracked CIPN in over 1,100 breast cancer patients treated with taxanes, showing persistent sensory and motor symptoms with more severe symptoms with paclitaxel than docetaxel. The study defines a risk prediction model to help doctors individualize patient care.
Research reveals nearly 75% of respondents had a high connection to nature, but retirees and university students had lower rates. Increasing passive exposure and accessibility can help time-poor individuals engage with nature.
Researchers at the University of Florida have identified plant-produced compounds that could help manage lethal bronzing, a deadly disease spread by a small insect. These green leaf volatiles, released by healthy palms near infected trees, can activate defense mechanisms to potentially stave off the pest.
Researchers developed a bio-sensing technology that measures PD1 ligand functionality to predict patient response to anti-PD1 therapy. This technology enables accurate prediction of patient response and tailoring treatments accordingly, improving cancer patients' lives.
A research team studied the source of hazardous March and April 2023 dust storms in China, finding that Mongolia is the main dust source affecting northern China's weather. The team used advanced models and machine learning techniques to forecast dust events, providing a reference for addressing global dust storm hazards.
Researchers used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the chemical profile of tantalum surface oxides, revealing different kinds of tantalum oxides at the surface. This discovery prompted a new set of questions on modifying interfaces to improve device performance and minimizing loss.
Researchers found that centenarians have a diverse gut virome with high microbial diversity associated with a healthy gut microbiome. The study suggests that intestinal bacteria and bacterial viruses may work together to promote healthy lifespan.
A recent study analyzed the impact of vulnerable friendships on Chinese adolescents' social networks, finding that befriending a victimized peer can decrease depressive symptoms but increase victimization. Classroom supportive norms play a crucial role in mitigating these effects.
A new study published in Microbiology Spectrum found that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and can spread the virus to other cats and their environment. The infected cats' environments were also found to be infectious, but this infectiousness decays rapidly.
A study in Pakistan found that coworkers who date report being ostracized and sabotaged by colleagues. Romantic relationships can impact work performance and job satisfaction.
A special issue of the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine explores the treatment and management of cerebral palsy, including spasticity management and pain relief. The articles discuss various approaches to managing spasticity, such as enteral baclofen use and botulinum neurotoxinA injections, aiming to improve care and quali...
A Swiss study found that 17% of unvaccinated individuals did not return to normal health and 18% reported COVID-19 related symptoms 24 months after infection. The study aimed to address uncertainty about long-term treatment and support for post-COVID-19 condition.
In the absence of visual landmarks, desert ants build higher nest hills to facilitate homing of foraging nest mates. This study reveals that artificial landmarks can replace natural ones, highlighting the ants' remarkable navigation abilities.
A UC Irvine-led interdisciplinary team highlights a dispute between physiologists and epidemiologists about the role of humidity in heat stress. The authors argue that humid conditions exacerbate heat-related illnesses, particularly in tropical nations, and call for more accurate models to predict future health impacts.
A recent study published in GeroScience found that a moderate-protein diet (25% and 35%) improved metabolic health in both young and middle-aged mice. The researchers also observed reduced blood glucose concentrations and lipid levels in liver and plasma. A balanced diet with moderate protein intake may promote metabolic health in huma...
A study found that LGBTQ+ and feminist activists support adding a gender-neutral 'X' marker to state IDs, as well as removing sex and gender markers altogether. The study also revealed that conservative gender activists are unlikely to support these changes, citing medical and safety concerns.
EPFL scientists develop a novel concept, called the active 'plasmacoustic metalayer', which can be controlled to cancel out noise. The device is more compact than conventional solutions, absorbing 100% of incoming sound intensity and offering tunable acoustic reflection over a broad bandwidth.
A new study from the University of Kansas shows that neighborhood characteristics such as being predominantly Black and having families with children are strongly associated with higher eviction rates. In contrast, gentrified neighborhoods or those with high rents do not predict increased eviction levels.
A new study found that sixty percent of Canadians maintained or improved their lifestyle habits during the pandemic, while forty percent adopted less healthy behaviors. Researchers identified certain groups, including those with body image issues and stress, as more likely to adopt unhealthy habits.
Researchers discovered that oxalic acid helps create a sticky, gel-like extracellular matrix in fungi and bacteria. The more oxalic acid present, the more viscous the matrix becomes, allowing microbes to control nutrient uptake and resistance to antibiotics.
Reduced emissions during the pandemic led to decreased concentrations of short-lived cooling particles, but not greenhouse gases. This resulted in stronger climate warming due to the 'masking effect' being lifted. The study suggests a complete transition to renewable energy could lead to rapid 'unmasking' of aerosols.
Researchers from the University of Queensland have successfully grown native wild tobacco plants as 'biofactories' to produce large quantities of drugs. The method uses modern molecular biology techniques to instruct plant cells to produce desired molecules, resulting in a more cost-effective and sustainable production process.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that COVID-19 lockdowns led to less accurate recollections of event timing, particularly for events in 2021. Participants who struggled with timeline accuracy also exhibited higher levels of depression, anxiety, and lower resilience.
Researchers at Heriot-Watt University have created a new method of 3D printing that uses near-infrared (NIR) light to create complex structures with multiple materials and colors. This breakthrough allows for the integration of different materials and properties, opening up possibilities for industries such as health and electronics.
A study found that countries offering tax breaks for corporate innovation see greater economic growth in capital investment and highly compensated jobs. However, the impact on hiring or overall compensation is limited, with increased average pay for research and development workers instead.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a novel method for creating CO2 capture filters using 3D printing. The filters, made from a hydrogel material infused with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, captured 24% of CO2 in a gas mixture and retained 52% of its performance after over 1,000 hours. This technology has potential applic...
A team of cognitive scientists created a computational model to understand the factors affecting decision-making and planning depth. They found that better planning is driven by the ability to recognize patterns more accurately and in less time, pointing to the benefits of practice and experience.