Research found that chronic stress overrides natural satiety signals, promoting eating of highly palatable foods. Mice stressed with a high-fat diet gained twice as much weight as those not stressed, highlighting the importance of a healthy diet during stressful times.
Analysis of the Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica shows there is less sedimentary rock than expected, a finding that could affect how the ice slides into the ocean. The new map of the geology of the region provides an exciting basis for better predictions of future ice flow and sea level rise.
A new study reveals that clear-air turbulence has increased in various regions around the world due to climate change. Turbulence durations have risen by 17-55%, with the North Atlantic experiencing the largest increases, impacting flights and passenger safety.
African large mammals' size and abundance have declined over the past 10 million years, with earlier communities having more large individuals. The decline is linked to environmental factors such as decreasing global temperatures and tropical grasslands expansion.
Researchers found that growth data nudges parents towards less affluent and less white schools, but only if those schools are already similar in terms of demographics. This suggests that providing growth data may not lead to the desired outcome of diversifying schools.
A group of educators is urging caution when using artificial intelligence (AI) in special education, highlighting its potential to benefit students with disabilities. The authors emphasize the need for careful consideration of AI's uses and limitations, including information literacy, consent, and critical thinking.
Scientists have successfully converted human pluripotent stem cells into purified pituitary cells that secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a hormone normally produced by the pituitary gland. Transplantation of these cells into mice with hypopituitarism resulted in long-lasting improvement in ACTH levels.
Researchers at The University of Tokyo have developed a new atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique for depositing thin layers of oxide semiconductor materials, resulting in high carrier mobility and reliability. This breakthrough enables the production of devices with normally-off operation, high mobility and reliability.
Key indicators show human-induced warming reached 1.14°C above pre-industrial levels, with emissions at an all-time high. The analysis calls for policymakers and climate negotiators to access up-to-date scientific evidence to base decisions, as the remaining carbon budget is declining.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in treating melanoma by adding an mRNA vaccine tailored to individual tumour genetics to common immunotherapy, significantly improving survival and disease recurrence rates. After two years, cancer-free survival increased to 78.6%, and the risk of death or cancer returning was reduced by 44%.
Researchers discovered similar volcanic activity in the Singhbhum Craton of India, which shares a geologic history with parts of South Africa and Australia. The study reveals sub-marine volcanic eruptions and sedimentary rocks formed approximately 3.5 billion years ago, providing insights into early Earth processes.
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) study found that the movement of cosmic rays is affected by the Sun's magnetic field, causing fluctuations in galactic cosmic rays reaching Earth. The research indicates that electrons are more susceptible to solar modulation than protons.
Chile's multi-phased regulations, starting in 2016, have led to a 73% drop in children's exposure to TV ads for regulated foods and drinks. The number of unhealthy food ads on TV dropped by 64%, with 77% fewer during children's programming.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes discovered that blood leaking into the brain triggers toxic genes in microglia, turning them into harmful cells that destroy neurons. Fibrin, a blood protein, is responsible for this process, which can lead to cognitive dysfunction and motor impairment.
A team at Osaka University identified a crucial protein facilitating proper chromosome movement when cells divide. The research revealed that the Cupin domain of CENP-C is essential for its function, supporting centromere/kinetochore assembly and maintaining genomic integrity.
Researchers from Penn Dental Medicine and UNC identify a key role for Selenomonas sputigena in causing tooth decay, particularly when partnered with Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria form protective biofilms that lead to acid production and cavity formation.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst researcher has updated the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), a widely used tool for measuring prenatal physical activity. The new PPAQ is considered reliable and valid, providing estimates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in pregnant women.
Researchers will study how DNA folding and organization impact heart cell development and maintenance. The goal is to unravel the role of genome folding in controlling cell behavior, particularly in heart cells.
Researchers found that rare brain tumor patients struggle to access therapy and experience devastating psychological impact after diagnosis. The study calls for improved mental health services and specialized support for these patients.
The new scientific statement highlights the importance of identifying the root cause of pediatric cardiomyopathy to develop effective treatment strategies. Genetic testing is recommended for all children with cardiomyopathy, which may lead to financial and emotional cost savings.
Researchers found that the lithosphere's thickness and strength control earthquake locations in Britain and Ireland. Thinner and weaker lithosphere beneath western Britain triggers more earthquakes, while thicker and stronger lithosphere in Ireland results in fewer quakes.
A recent study found that mothers who attended prenatal checkups had a lower risk of low birth weight. The study identified factors such as marital status, mental and physical health, and employment status as key contributors to attendance rates.
The Human Lung Cell Atlas provides insights into lung biology by combining data from nearly 40 studies, revealing rare cell types and cellular differences between healthy people. The study found common cell states between lung fibrosis, cancer, and COVID-19, offering new ways of understanding lung disease.
A chemist at the University of Kansas has developed a digital tool that can spot scientific text generated by ChatGPT with 99% accuracy. The tool, which was published in Cell Reports Physical Science, uses human insight and intuition to identify key differences between human-written and AI-generated texts.
New research from the University of Waterloo suggests that public peer recognition can lead to feelings of unfairness among employees, causing them to become less willing to help others. This can occur when employees disagree on what behaviors should be recognized or feel that they are not receiving fair recognition.
A new study by University of Illinois researchers found that plant species with comparable life histories are more likely to coexist. The method uses data on species' death rates, reproductive success, and growth patterns to predict which pairs will thrive together.
A new study found that COVID-19 lockdowns led to a 73% increase in mammal travel distance in areas with stricter policies, while short-distance movements decreased. Animals traveled closer to roadways and were less fearful of human presence in populated regions.
Researchers developed a model that considers multiple coexisting social norms and studied how these norms might compete as individuals learn from one another. Key findings include the success of 'stern judging' in promoting cooperation, particularly in situations where individuals show a preference for interacting within their own group.
Researchers have developed an effective treatment that accelerates recovery after stroke by modulating astrocyte reactivity and cortical connectivity. The treatment, which involves administering a molecule called C3a in nasal drops, has shown positive results in mice with stroke, offering new hope for faster and better recovery.
A new study in the INFORMS journal Manufacturing & Service Operations Management uncovers how to showcase hospital wait times to increase efficiency, accurately route emergency vehicles, and save money. The study provides a comprehensive picture of patient waiting trajectories for low-acuity patients and first responders, aiding in bet...
Researchers developed an AI model to estimate best-corrected visual acuity from fundus photographs in patients with diabetic macular edema, achieving accuracy within one to two lines on a standard chart. The study's findings support the potential of AI in clinical settings, with opportunities for further improvement.
Researchers have developed a novel encoding scheme called critical Schrödinger cat code, which could revolutionize the reliability of quantum computers. This technique uses a hybrid regime to operate close to the critical point of a phase transition, resulting in enhanced error suppression capabilities.
Researchers found increased levels of TMAO in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients, which led to disease progression. Inhibiting TMAO production reduced aneurysm severity, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.
Researchers at Mass General Cancer Center describe the evolution of proton therapy, its benefits to patients, and efforts to increase access worldwide. They highlight advancements in machine size reduction and treatment efficiency, paving the way for global democratisation.
Researchers reconstructed the seafloor morphology around Santorini to better understand volcanic tsunamis. The study revealed undulating bedforms formed by pyroclastic flows and instabilities of the volcanic flanks, indicating that slope instabilities can contribute to tsunami generation.
A team at the University of Minnesota discovered a way to control heat flow in materials 'on the fly' using a simple process. This record-setting discovery could lead to developing more energy-efficient and durable electronic devices.
A global observational study found high mortality among infants with culture-positive sepsis, highlighting the need for effective antibiotics. The study developed tools to identify at-risk newborns and inform WHO guidelines on treatment.
Researchers discovered a group of intestinal T cells with α4β7 integrin receptors that can either suppress or enhance anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in cancer patients. Targeting these cells may improve treatment outcomes and reduce resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.
Researchers at UC San Diego found that squid employ RNA recoding to change amino acids in molecular motors, improving their function in colder waters. This process allows cephalopods to adapt to changing environmental conditions and survive in a broad range of ocean temperatures.
New research reveals that a decrease of 35% in SSA at 365-405 nm causes a 46% decrease in DRF efficiency. Brown carbon's spectral properties are crucial for evaluating radiative forcing, with significant implications for aerosol climate effects.
Scientists observe a bright optical emission after the most powerful gamma-ray burst documented, providing detailed data on radiation across various wavebands. The study reveals that luminous phenomenon arises from high-energy charged particles in a rarefied medium with a powerful magnetic field.
Researchers have identified a key mechanism controlling barley's floral development, which can lead to improved grain yields. The study found that up to 50% of initiated floral primordia are aborted before anthesis, representing untapped yield potential.
A team of scientists has discovered that IL-17 protein plays a central role in skin ageing, leading to inflammation and deterioration. Temporary inhibition of IL-17 slows down the appearance of aging symptoms, offering new possibilities for treating skin conditions and facilitating recovery after surgery.
A new USC Schaeffer Center study reveals that behavioral interventions aimed at improving performance can be designed to protect clinician job satisfaction and improve quality of care. The research team discovered it is essential for clinicians to have control over the behavior being evaluated or encouraged.
A new study estimates that the overall benefits of switching ride-hailing vehicles from gasoline to electric would be very modest, with a 3% gain per trip. The study found that traffic-related factors, such as congestion and crash risk, dominate societal costs, outweighing emissions reductions.
A study by the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center found significant disparities in federal cancer research funding allocation. Funding for high-incidence cancers among racial and ethnic minorities is often lower than that for similar diseases affecting non-Hispanic white populations.
Projected health outcomes associated with Supreme Court decisions in 2022 suggest substantial harms to public health due to lack of COVID-19 workplace protections and revoked abortion rights. Nearly 3,000 excess deaths are projected over a decade.
A new randomized controlled trial found that taking metformin after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of developing long COVID by 40%. The study, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, involved over 1,100 patients and showed metformin prevented over 40% of cases of long COVID over a 10-month follow-up period.
A study of over 55,000 people identified new genetic variants associated with insulin resistance after eating, which may help inform future treatments of type 2 diabetes. The discovery highlights the importance of understanding how glucose regulation works in the body, particularly in the fed state.
A research team has identified a previously unknown weak spot in prostate cancer cells that could lead to new therapeutic approaches for other types of cancer. The study found that inhibiting this process can reduce cancer growth without affecting normal cell growth.
The US has implemented laws banning transgender youth from competing in sports according to their gender identity. However, existing evidence does not support these restrictions, as they would deprive vulnerable trans youth of physical, mental, and social benefits. The article proposes changes to promote a more inclusive and fair athle...
During severe COVID-19 lockdowns, wild mammals in 43 species traveled up to 73% longer distances in a 10-day period compared to the previous year. This shift was likely due to reduced human presence allowing animals to explore new areas.
Researchers found that two-spot octopuses produce different neural proteins under warm versus cool conditions by editing their RNA. This rewiring likely protects their brains and may be used widely amongst octopuses and squid. Temperature-sensitive RNA editing occurs rapidly, with significant changes occurring within days.
A Phase 2a clinical trial found that AEFO117 significantly reduced the effects of cannabis in daily smokers and decreased both positive mood effects and decision to use cannabis. The drug, developed by Aelis Farma, appears to counteract the high associated with THC without disrupting physiological and behavioral functions.
A new study finds that electricity market design plays a crucial role in trade-offs between more affordable energy and lower carbon emissions. Researchers discovered that participating in day-ahead markets reduces carbon emissions, while real-time markets reduce costs.
Researchers have identified a novel gene WTS that confers broad-spectrum resistance to clubroot disease in Brassica crops. The WTS protein complex functions as an endoplasmic reticulum-localized calcium release channel, increasing cytosolic calcium ions and activating plant defenses.
The NEHO project aims to create ultrafast and energy-efficient information processing systems using photonics and semiconductor technology. By leveraging nonlinear photon-plasmon interactions, researchers hope to revolutionize information processing with faster, more efficient, and flexible technologies.
MethaneMapper is an artificial intelligence-powered hyperspectral imaging tool that can detect real-time methane emissions and trace them to their sources. With a performance accuracy of 91%, it has the potential to revolutionize the way we monitor oil and gas operations and curb climate change.
A new study using coupled field observations and phytoclimatic modeling shows that climate is the dominant influence on African forest and savanna ecosystems. The findings suggest that spatial variation in climate can predict the occurrence of these ecosystems at both large and fine scales, challenging traditional views.
An international team has made a breakthrough in the study of topological phases by discovering that sub-symmetries can protect topological boundary states. This challenges the traditional common belief about the relationship between topological invariants and symmetries.