Recent studies reveal complex patterns of admixture in human populations, particularly in Africa and the Americas. In Africa, ancient introgression from Neanderthals and Denisovans contributed to increased genetic diversity, while in the Americas, modern admixture resulted in redistributed archaic ancestry.
The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) has awarded Early Career Research Grants to two junior interventional cardiologists, Nadia Sutton and Eric Secemsky. Their projects focus on high-priority topics in cardiovascular disease, including coronary microvascular dysfunction and peripheral vascular interventions.
Biophysicists have created an artificial transport system that maintains liposomes in constant motion using protein patterns and ATP. Two possible mechanisms for this motion are proposed, involving zipper-like interactions or membrane deformation.
A decision analytical model found that increased uptake of bivalent booster vaccination among eligible age groups decreased pediatric hospitalizations and school absenteeism. The benefits of booster campaigns for children may be substantial, suggesting a focus on younger populations is crucial.
Researchers found that the brain's auditory cortex responds strongly to positive human sounds coming from the left, but not from the right or front. This bias may have an evolutionary advantage, as it could help detect potential threats or predators.
A new study by Penn State researchers found that some climate mitigation strategies could result in harmful health impacts in specific areas, particularly if significant land use changes are required for bioenergy production. This could lead to worsened respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, resulting in premature deaths.
Only 13% of global methane emissions are regulated, despite causing at least 25% of current global warming. The lack of regulation and clarity must be urgently addressed to meet global climate targets, with a consistent approach worldwide needed to drastically reduce global warming levels.
A new study by UC Davis MIND Institute researchers and others finds that the M-CHAT-R/F screening tool is effective in identifying children with autistic traits, but it also flags many children incorrectly. The study highlights the need for clinical judgment and clear communication with parents about the limitations of the tool.
The next-generation Evolut FX TAVR system shows improved deliverability, tracking, and deployment compared to its predecessor. This is particularly beneficial for patients with difficult anatomies, where the new device's predictable deployment can improve coronary access, blood flow, and valve performance.
A study found that over half of English NSCLC patients living in low-socio-economic areas did not receive new anti-cancer therapies, despite having access to free treatment through the National Health Service. The researchers examined data from 90,785 patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2017.
This field uses trial-and-error learning with natural selection to solve complex reinforcement learning tasks, but requires significant computational resources. Researchers can enhance its efficiency by improving encoding, sampling, search operators, algorithmic frameworks, and evaluation methods.
Researchers have developed a novel tin-based MOF that can selectively reduce CO2 to formate in the presence of visible light, achieving high selectivity and quantum yield. The material, called KGF-10, was found to be efficient, precious-metal-free, and single-component.
The TWILIGHT trial found ticagrelor monotherapy after PCI to have a similar risk of repeat revascularization and MACCE compared to dual antiplatelet therapy. Ticagrelor monotherapy was also associated with lower NACE and clinically-driven revascularization risk.
A new analysis of COVID-19 patients with heart attacks reveals increased clotting in coronary arteries before and after treatment. High TGB was observed in 74% of patients pre-intervention and 29% post intervention.
A team of astronomers has observed the most luminous quasar in 9 billion years, shedding light on its interaction with its environment. The study found that the quasar's black hole is growing at a rate of 100 solar masses per year and emitting powerful winds into the host galaxy.
Researchers have identified three subtypes of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) based on genomic changes, which may help tailor therapies. The study's findings could improve treatment outcomes for patients with this aggressive subtype.
Researchers found that 78% of patients reported at least one social risk factor impacting their health. A chatbot was developed to provide follow-up outreach and deliver educational content to recently discharged birthing individuals.
A recent study published in The Lancet Neurology found that valbenazine significantly reduces chorea symptoms in patients with Huntington’s disease. The Phase III trial showed improvement as early as the second week of treatment, with consistently greater benefits compared to a placebo.
A recent study analyzes national greenhouse gas emission inventories, revealing limited accuracy and transparency in low-and-middle-income countries. The review highlights the need for improved reporting methodologies to manage food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
The CLIPPER cohort of over 1 million patients found that 1 in 6 died within the first year and 50% survived at five years after diagnosis. The study aims to develop process measures for high-quality care and improve survival rates.
A new study from Washington University in St. Louis found that extending fathers' leave in Estonia significantly reduced sexist attitudes, particularly among parents directly impacted by the policy. The research showed a notable shift in gender-equal views, with both fathers and mothers experiencing positive changes.
A new study finds that smaller predators move into human-dominated areas to avoid large carnivores, but face higher mortality rates from human activities. This phenomenon, known as the 'human shield' effect, poses an ecological trap for mesopredators.
Researchers found that certain genetic patterns associated with adult psychiatric illnesses also track with psychiatric symptoms in children, but with different underlying mechanisms. A new genetic measure predicts childhood psychiatric symptoms and suggests that interventions may need to start earlier in life.
A novel low-profile pVAD system demonstrated 100% procedural success and no device-related adverse events in a first-in-human trial. The device supports cardiovascular hemodynamics with minimal hemolysis and low risk of vascular complications, aiming to minimize morbidity and improve patient outcomes
Researchers design Cu@FAU catalyst for selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, achieving stable yields and selectivity. The study reveals a unique reaction pathway involving dihydrogen activation on copper-oxygen pairs.
A study in Japan found that teachers shied away from implementing critical thinking (CT) but were comfortable with multidimensional-multiperspective thinking (MMT), which is promoted in the national curriculum. Teachers felt that CT required teaching empathy, a core value in Japanese education.
Researchers developed an affordable, stretchable, and waterproof sensor using graphite material from pencils to monitor gas molecules, temperature, and electrical physiological signals. The device has the potential for public health applications, including collecting data on population health variation between geographic locations.
A recent study reveals that certain climate-smart agricultural practices can lead to land use spillovers that cancel out their climate benefits. Cover cropping with rye is found to cause yield losses and negate most of its climate advantages.
Existing global forests could store an additional 44.1 petagrams of carbon if left unmanaged, but this would only offset 4 years of CO2 emissions under current rates. The study's findings highlight the limited carbon sequestration potential of unmanaged global forests.
Researchers discovered Vibrio pathogens can stick to microplastics, adapting to plastic, and have aggressive behavior, forming biofilms and causing infections. The study highlights the risks of Sargassum-plastic marine debris interactions, with potential for opportunistic pathogens and disease transmission.
Researchers at Kaunas University of Technology identified four affordances of digital technologies facilitating business process integration: accessing, updating, sharing, and initiating. These mechanisms enable automation of information transfer, minimizing effort in business processes.
A new study reveals that Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a major financial burden on health services in LMICs, with patients experiencing higher costs for postoperative care. Investing in health technologies to reduce SSI could help improve healthcare quality and save lives.
A new UCLA study found that the accuracy of genetically-based disease predictions using polygenic scores (PGSs) varies significantly between individuals, even within traditionally considered homogeneous populations. PGS performance declines as genetic distance increases, and individual ancestry plays a crucial role in determining accur...
A research team proposes a new method to improve AI's ability to learn from limited data, called 'team-knowledge distillation networks'. This approach enables teachers to cooperate and share knowledge, leading to better generalization on unseen tasks. The proposed method addresses the challenge of cross-domain few-shot learning.
Researchers discover allowing imperfection in design can create wider range of 'good enough' solutions, enabling more innovative designs. The study uses simple examples, such as walkways and bird flapping motion, to show that even small tolerances for imperfection open up significant design space.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a technology that allows amputees to feel temperature variations in their phantom limbs, enabling them to discern what they're touching. This breakthrough has led to the development of bionic prosthetics that can provide realistic touch and sensations.
A recent study by Dartmouth researchers finds that global economic losses from El Niño can persist for several years after the event, with a significant impact on the world's poorest nations. The study projects total losses of $84 trillion for the 21st century, highlighting the need for climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
A new study predicts that climate change will expose species to potentially dangerous temperatures, leading to an abrupt loss of habitat. The research found that up to 30% of species will be at risk of experiencing unfamiliarly hot temperatures across at least 30% of their geographic range in a single decade.
Researchers discovered that MSH2-MSH3 plays a crucial role in selecting the right DNA repair process by interacting with other proteins during DSB repair. This interaction facilitates error-free homologous recombination and blocks error-prone polymerase theta-mediated end-joining.
Researchers found that cells store extra 'skin' in folds and bumps on their surface to rapidly deploy temporary protrusions. This allows cells to move safely while maintaining cell volume and membrane integrity.
A new study led by University of Florida forest management researcher Victoria Donovan found that as woody plants like shrubs and trees replace herbaceous plants like grasses, spot fires can occur farther away from the original fire perimeter. This 'woody encroachment' increases the risk of structural damage and firefighter safety.
A national panel survey of 2,000 older adults found that 1 in 5 experienced cost-related medication nonadherence due to incorrect pricing. Real-time benefit tools can support medication cost conversations and cost-conscious prescribing, but accurate pricing is crucial to build trust with patients.
Researchers at Michigan State University have created the first annotated Montmorency tart cherry genome, revealing the genetic code behind its complex structure. The discovery provides a foundation for studying bloom time and identifying genes associated with specific fruit traits.
A new assessment by University of Colorado at Boulder researchers reveals that over 50% of the world's largest lakes are losing water. The study found that climate change and unsustainable human consumption are major contributors to this decline, with many lakes in dry and wet regions experiencing significant losses.
Researchers at the Polish Academy of Sciences propose that Higgs boson decays into exotic particles may be detectable in future lepton accelerators like CLIC and FCC. The detection would rely on observing jets of particles produced by quark-antiquark pairs, with characteristic shifts from the axis of the colliding beams.
A new study suggests that increasing induced labor rates in UK maternity services without considering staffing workloads and patient care may have unintended consequences. The study highlights gaps in knowledge on home-based IOL services, with workload perceived to be increased in some cases.
Researchers created a synthetic yeast system that responds to dual oscillatory signals, showing significant enlargement of entrainment region and increased synchronization. The study demonstrates the importance of phase difference in regulating internal oscillator dynamics.
University of Houston researchers create sensitive and reliable sensors for harsh conditions, operating up to 900 degrees Celsius. The sensors, made from flexible ultrawide-bandgap single-crystalline AlN thin films, offer advantages for applications in nuclear plants, neutron exposure, and wearable health care monitoring.
A new study shows that masking and portable air cleaners significantly reduced the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in two Swiss schools during the Omicron wave. The researchers detected salivary and airborne virus concentrations in air samples and students, with a 70% decrease in viral transmission under mask mandates.
A Baylor team created a molecular classifier test to identify patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who may benefit from anti-HER2 therapy alone without chemotherapy. The test accurately predicts the most likely response of a tumor to specific treatment regimens, allowing for personalized de-escalation approaches.
A new virtual coronary roadmap tool has been shown to reduce the volume of iodinated contrast needed during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The Dynamic Coronary Roadmap (DCR) effectively decreases contrast usage by 28.8%, potentially lowering the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy.
Researchers introduced a conductive fullerene-derivative interlayer to enhance electron transport and increase PCE in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells, improving thermal stability. The interlayer remedies morphology issues, energy level mismatches, and electron traps, resulting in increased efficiency and reduced defects.
A Dutch study found that individuals who feel safe in their neighborhoods lose more weight during lifestyle interventions. Those with higher scores on a safety scale experienced greater decreases in weight and waist circumference, regardless of sex, age, or education level.
Researchers found bacterial DNA in surgical specimens of patients with hip and knee arthritis, revealing a microbiome in previously assumed sterile sites. The most common bacteria were Escherichia, Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas.
A WVU researcher is creating mathematical models to predict how bioenergy crops enhance and store soil carbon, potentially spurring renewable energy from biological sources. The model considers factors like plant roots, microbes, and feedstocks to determine net carbon benefits or losses.
The study investigates toxic effects of pesticides (chlorpyrifos, acetochlor, dicofol) on S. costatum growth and chlorophyll-a content, revealing varying toxicity levels among the pesticides. Marine microalgae partially degrade pesticides, with acetochlor showing stronger persistence.
A new study confirms that distal radial artery access is safe and effective for cardiac catheterization, without increasing the risk of hand dysfunction. The one-year findings from the DIPRA study demonstrate comparable outcomes between distal radial artery and conventional proximal radial artery access.
Researchers say current recovery targets do not support culturally vital harvests, calling for a shift to meaningful abundance and distribution of plants and animals. A collaboration between Indigenous leaders and Canadian scientists aims to preserve traditional ways of life and restore nature.
A new study by MIT scientists shows that 40 Hz vibration can reduce levels of the hallmark Alzheimer's protein phosphorylated tau, preserve neurons, and improve motor function in mouse models. This research demonstrates a third sensory modality to increase gamma power in the brain, offering new hope for Alzheimer's treatment.
Researchers found that infrasound sensors can improve magnitude determinations, providing complete data about strong earthquakes. The low-cost sensors, which detect air pressure changes caused by ground movement, can also enhance tsunami warnings and emergency responses.