Researchers at ETH Zurich have localized changes to DNA building blocks altered by tobacco smoke's toxic compounds. These findings suggest a potential method to predict cancer risk and study genetic predispositions.
A new study found that individuals with a normal gastrointestinal biopsy still have a higher risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the years following the biopsy. The study of over 450,000 individuals in Sweden showed that symptoms of IBD may start significantly before the disease shows up on biopsy.
Researchers found that gene therapy approach and small molecule treatment can calm the destructive cells of ALS by preserving upper motor neurons. Improving mitochondrial health also reduces astrocyte attack on diseased neurons, offering new hope for treating ALS.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism of immune surveillance by liver-resident macrophages called Kupffer cells that prevent liver metastasis from escaping. They successfully cleared tumors in various animal models using a new method for in situ targeted expression and remodels of KCs' anti-tumor function.
TrafikGene, led by Prof. Javier Montenegro, develops a peptide-based technology for efficient delivery of nucleic acids with potential therapeutic application. The project aims to create vehicles that facilitate selective and non-toxic delivery of nucleic acids for applications in cancer immunotherapy.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed heterostructures that support the prediction of counterpropagating charged edge modes at the v=2/3 fractional quantum Hall state. The team's experiment measured an electrical conductance equal to half the fundamental value of e^2/h, consistent with theoretical predictions.
UK breweries adapted to the pandemic crisis by embracing urban locations and innovations, such as free same-day local delivery and tap takeovers. The research highlights the importance of community support and financial assistance in helping breweries survive.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology found that pairing students reduces academic and social gaps, increasing well-being. The study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, showed positive effects on communication, stress, and personal contacts.
A new study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine reveals that physical activity is 1.5 times more effective than counselling or medications in managing depression. The review of 97 reviews and 1039 trials shows that exercise interventions, especially those lasting 12 weeks or less, can significantly reduce mental health ...
A new study found that preoperative surgeon intuition is an independent predictor of 30-day postoperative complications, but its predictive power is not as strong as a standardized risk calculator. The study suggests that the information gathered by the calculator is better at predicting outcomes than surgeons' gut feelings.
A new UK Biobank study analyzes data on nearly half a million participants and finds that Asian and Black groups have lower all-cause mortality rates compared to White groups. The study also identifies specific risk factors associated with each ethnic group, such as mental health diagnoses for Asians and parasitic diseases for Blacks.
A new study links genetic changes in kidney cancer to patient outcomes, identifying four groups of patients based on mutation presence. This research may lead to more effective prediction of recurrence risk and personalized treatment for thousands of patients annually.
A Berkeley Lab-led team has designed a new type of solid electrolyte consisting of a mix of various metal elements, resulting in a more conductive and less dependent material. The new design could advance solid-state batteries with high energy density and superior safety, potentially overcoming long-standing challenges.
A newly developed superhydrophobic biosensor can detect insensible, or vapor, perspiration, which is difficult to measure. The sensor allows for continuous tracking of skin health and disease conditions, such as eczema and wound healing, by monitoring thermoregulation and skin barrier functions.
A new AI-based classification system, AMP-BERT, was developed to identify candidate antimicrobial peptides. The model uses a deep neural network-based architecture and can extract structural and functional information from peptide sequences.
Two new papers demonstrate the use of Outbreak.info as a standardized source for COVID-19 data, tracking daily variant reports and a Research Library with aggregated research publications. The platform provides essential tools for researchers to track virus evolution and improve diagnostics.
The Spallation Neutron Source has set a world record by reaching an operating power of 1.55 megawatts, providing more neutrons for researchers studying efficient solar panels, longer-lasting batteries, and stronger materials. This achievement enables new discoveries in materials science research.
A recent study in Developmental Biology reveals the evolution of the chordate body plan from an echinoderm common ancestor. The research identifies key gene expression patterns and transcription factors that led to the development of the chordate nervous system, lateral mesoderm, and Spemann's organizer.
Scientists have successfully developed a novel method to recover vanillin from Kraft lignin, a previously waste material, without using harmful chemicals. This process utilizes recycled materials and electric power, making it an environmentally friendly approach to meet the high demand for vanillin in various industries.
A new study published in the European Respiratory Journal reports that children's lung capacity has improved in areas with decreased air pollution in Stockholm. The researchers found a 20% lower risk of significantly impaired lung function in participants living in areas with better air quality.
Researchers analyze current state of solid-state battery technology, identifying key challenges such as developing solid electrolytes and anode materials. The study concludes that new approaches in material research are necessary to overcome these hurdles and achieve commercialization.
A new study using mice reveals that genetic mutations associated with increased risk of abdominal aneurysms, a 'silent killer' condition responsible for nearly 5,000 deaths annually. The findings could lead to earlier detection methods and screening for predisposed patients.
A massive trove of global fossil data revealed variations in elasmobranch species recovery after the K-Pg mass extinction. Species with restricted ranges and old shark species showed higher extinction rates.
A new mathematical theory developed by scientists at Rice University and Oxford University can predict the nature of motions in complex quantum systems. The theory applies to any sufficiently complex quantum system and may give insights into building better quantum computers, designing solar cells, or improving battery performance.
Researchers developed a method for creating cobalt/carbon nanocomposites using magnetic induction heating, which significantly enhances the oxygen evolution reaction performance. The new synthesis method produces high-performance electrocatalysts with low overpotentials and high current densities.
A new cybersecurity framework uses digital twin technology, machine learning, and human expertise to detect cyberattacks in manufacturing processes. The framework analyzes continuous data streams from physical machines and their digital twins to identify irregularities and flag potential threats.
A new study estimates the global economic cost of 29 cancers from 2020 to 2050 to be $25.2 trillion, with significant variations in burden across countries and regions. The study highlights the need for global efforts to address rising cancer burdens.
Over 3,700 Chinese adults advocate for government and personal responsibility in addressing climate change. The surveys highlight the need for China to assume a leading role in global efforts to combat climate change.
The proposed algorithm improves traditional DHR architecture by introducing historical credibility and dissimilarity concepts. It achieves higher system reliability by selecting executors with high credibility and dissimilarity as service executors.
Researchers at National Jewish Health have discovered biomarkers on the surface of infant skin that can predict the development of atopic dermatitis and other allergic conditions. The study's findings suggest that targeted therapies such as emollients or biologics may be effective in preventing eczema.
A study published in Communications Biology reveals that a large portion of an insulin dose may not be effective, providing a tool for developing more precise medications. The discovery could lead to improved treatment outcomes for millions of people worldwide.
Researchers found that airborne particles carrying a mammalian coronavirus remain infectious for twice as long in drier air, thanks to the protective effect of saliva. The study suggests that managing indoor air filtration and ventilation is crucial to mitigate airborne disease spread.
Researchers have discovered that thermal conductivity in granular materials is heavily influenced by particle sizes and surface roughness. For smaller particles, heat transfer occurs mainly through water capillary bridges, while larger particles rely on air transmission.
Researchers observed changes in upper respiratory tract bacterial diversity after COVID-19 infection over time. The study suggests that viral infections can change the respiratory microbiome, potentially predictive of outcomes.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science develop the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) to explore quantum phenomena. The QTM allows for direct visualization of quantum electronic waves, enabling the creation of novel materials with unprecedented functionalities.
EPFL researchers have created a 3D printing ink containing calcium carbonate-producing bacteria that produces bone-like composites. The resulting bio-composite is exceptionally strong, light, and environmentally friendly. This innovation has potential applications in art restoration, coral reef regeneration, and biomedical fields.
Researchers found a strong correlation between storm intensity, cloudiness, and solar energy reflection rate in each hemisphere. The study reveals that clouds are the linking factor between the brightness of Earth's surface and its appearance from space, solving the mystery of hemispheric symmetry.
Researchers successfully recorded brain activity from freely moving octopuses, using implantable data loggers and electrodes. The study provides key findings on the neural mechanisms controlling octopus behavior, including patterns of brain activity similar to those in mammals.
A phase 3 clinical trial found that oral empagliflozin provided clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in glycemic control in young people with type 2 diabetes. The study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin in this population, while linagliptin did not show significant effects.
Participants who reduced their social media use by 50% saw significant improvements in how they felt about their weight and overall appearance. The study suggests that limiting social media use may be a feasible method of producing short-term positive effects on body image among vulnerable populations.
Researchers validate and optimize gravity model in megacity region, finding hierarchical structure of inter-city mobility and differences in travel purposes. The study uses mobile phone trajectory big data to calculate gravity model parameters for different travel purposes.
Researchers found that community health worker partnerships led to significant improvements in blood pressure control among South Asian patients, who face unique social and cultural barriers to healthcare. After six months, 68% of treatment group participants had controlled blood pressure, compared to 42% of the control group.
A study led by the University at Buffalo found that cortical, deep gray matter, and spinal cord damage are key factors in severe MS disability, rather than lesions. Patients with severe disabilities showed more pronounced loss of neurons and atrophy of the medulla oblongata compared to their less-disabled counterparts.
Researchers identify key triggers and active-site theories for dynamic evolution of copper-based catalysts. Strategies for optimizing catalyst performance, including electronic structure tuning and controlling external potential, are discussed.
The Holocaust Centre North has been awarded a £105,000 grant from the Claims Conference to expand its collection of Holocaust-related materials. The project will digitize the centre's physical archive and increase its size by 50%, making it more accessible to researchers and the public.
Researchers found that smaller dinosaurs grew rapidly, while larger ones grew slowly, challenging the idea that growth rate determines body size. The study also discovered that changes in growth timing can impact traits such as offspring size and susceptibility to predators.
A new study called IGROOVE will investigate the effects of various dance styles, frequency, and social interaction on fitness, memory, and brain health in older adults. The research aims to answer fundamental questions about the optimal dosage of dance for cognitive benefits.
Tisca Dorsey has joined the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility as Director of Business and Finance, bringing her expertise in government operations, contracting, and finance. She will lead the lab's contracting approach and strategy, supporting its growth and expansion.
Researchers found altered proteins in women's blood during the third trimester, correlating with brain signaling activity and pro-inflammatory pathways. The study aims to develop early diagnosis and treatment protocols for perinatal mood disorders.
Researchers have developed a method to fabricate substrate-free organic bioelectronics directly inside living tissues. The approach enables the creation of implantable electronic devices that can interface with soft biological neural tissues without causing tissue damage.
Researchers have successfully grown electrodes in living tissue using the body's molecules as triggers, paving the way for fully integrated electronic circuits in living organisms. This breakthrough method allows for substrate-free organic bioelectronics and targets specific biological substructures for nerve stimulation.
Researchers found that individuals who scored high on questionnaires assessing mystical and insightful nature of their psychedelic experiences reported improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms. A challenging experience while on these substances was also beneficial, especially in the context of mystical and insightful experiences.
Researchers identify a new mechanism of corrosion morphology using electron tomography and theoretical calculations, finding a one-dimensional wormhole structure in metal alloys. The study could lead to the development of more advanced materials with improved resistance to localized corrosion.
A nationwide study by the American Cancer Society found that millions of people in the US missed critical cancer screening tests during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of women who reported having cervical cancer screening dropped by 4.4 million, and men had 700,000 fewer prostate cancer screenings.
Researchers calculated that terrestrial arthropod biomass is about 1 billion tons, with underground creatures responsible for soil fertilization and ecological balance. The study highlights the importance of arthropods in regulating vegetation and human health, emphasizing the need for monitoring their decline.
Researchers trained monkeys to ignore distracting colors in a video game, showing that the brain can suppress pop-out stimuli after training. The study reveals how the brain balances attention between internal goals and environmental cues, improving efficiency and reducing distraction.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong developed a wireless, soft e-skin for interactive touch communication in the virtual world. The e-skin can detect and deliver the sense of touch, enabling one-to-multiuser interaction and overcoming the limitations of space and distance.
A POSTECH research team has developed a deep-learning approach to enhance resolution and speed in photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) imaging. The technique enables high-resolution, real-time whole-body imaging of animals and monitors tissue movement in the heart, kidney, and brain.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that platinum accumulates in healthy cells surrounding cancer cells, particularly fibroblasts, and induces gene activation associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Periostin levels serve as a marker of TGF-β activity in fibroblasts and predict treatment benefit.
Researchers at Hokkaido University used hydrogel materials in combination with neural stem cells to grow new brain tissue in areas of brain damage. The study showed that immune cells and blood vessels grew within the hydrogels, leading to some degree of integration between the hydrogel and host brain tissue.