Researchers analyze molecule-electron-proton transfer phenomenon in enzyme-photo-coupled catalytic systems (EPCS) and its comparison with natural photosynthesis. They propose a new strategy to strengthen mass/energy coupling, leading to improved conversion efficiency.
A new study found that powerful storms called atmospheric rivers are increasingly reaching the Arctic in winter, slowing sea ice recovery. These storms carry large amounts of water vapor and produce extreme rainfall and flooding when they make landfall.
Researchers at the University of Calgary discovered a reduction in brain function's brake signal contributes to decisions about eating in obese mice. The study found that when this region is disabled, lean mice continue to overeat despite feeling full.
A study published in BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care found that married individuals tend to have lower average glycemic levels compared to those without a partner. The researchers also discovered that marital transitions, such as divorce, can significantly impact blood glucose levels and the risk of pre-diabetes.
Research analyzed data from nearly 1,000 participants born in the 1950s and 1960s, finding that children with overprotective fathers were more likely to die before age 80. Conversely, women who received better care from their mothers during childhood may experience a reduced risk of premature mortality.
Researchers at Osaka University used cryogenic electron microscopy to study the structural change of the centromere during cell division. The study revealed a complex interaction between proteins involved in cell division, providing new insights into the correct division of chromosomes.
The international group of clinicians established guidelines on measuring plasma EBV DNA in managing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plasma EBV DNA can be used in most clinical circumstances with imaging scans, but cannot replace essential procedures like nasoendoscopy and tumour biopsy.
A new UCLA-led study found that many patients do not receive sufficient rehabilitation therapy after a stroke, which can lead to long-term disability. Hispanic patients were particularly affected, receiving lower amounts of physical and occupational therapy.
A new study found that primary care visits addressing mental health concerns rose by almost 50% over a decade, with Black and Hispanic patients facing barriers to access. Primary care physicians welcome the opportunity to address mental health concerns but need better support systems.
Researchers have discovered a new layer of partly molten rock under the Earth's crust that helps settle a long-standing debate about how tectonic plates move. The study reveals that the melt layer has no significant influence on plate tectonics, with convection of heat and rock being the prevailing force.
Researchers at MIT create a novel approach to building deformable underwater robots using simple repeating substructures. The system can assemble into various shapes and sizes, offering scalability and efficiency improvements over current technologies.
A new textile technology developed by the University of Michigan enables invisble, indelible sorting labels for clothing recycling. This innovation increases efficiency and precision in recycling processes, addressing the challenge of sorting complex fabrics.
A recent NTU Singapore study reconstructed the history of The Sundaland using paleogeography and population genetics to show that rapid sea-level rise drove early settlers to migrate, increasing genetic diversity. This finding provides insight into how climate change can profoundly impact human populations.
Researchers found that primary cancer tumors have a sluggish conversion of nutrients to usable cellular energy, conserving energy for growth and metastasis. The discovery has vast implications for anti-cancer strategies, directing attention to slow energy metabolism.
Research finds speaking up to competent managers leads to a 12%-15% increase in sales performance, while speaking sideways to peers decreases performance by 10%. Employees should critically assess who they direct their voice to when proposing changes.
A new SIM algorithm using principal component analysis (PCA-SIM) has been developed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of real-time live-cell imaging. The algorithm achieves more accurate parameter estimation and superior noise immunity compared to conventional iterative correlation-based approaches.
A new study reveals that a single seeding of native understory plants can reap lasting benefits in restored fallow agricultural fields and other landscapes. Cooler and wetter conditions, shallower needle depth, and greater tree spacing promote better establishment.
Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a new cell death mechanism called disulfidptosis that targets cancer cells with high expression of SLC7A11. Disulfidptosis is triggered by glucose starvation and can effectively suppress tumor growth without significant toxicity in normal tissues.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered a gene signature that accurately predicts the functioning of P53 variants, enabling better assessment of cancer risk and optimizing treatment choices. This breakthrough knowledge could be used to screen individuals with genetic variants of P53 and inform them about their cancer risk.
A recent study found that individuals with conservative political leanings tend to favor hydroxychloroquine and view vaccination unfavorably. Physicians also exhibit similar biases, with conservative physicians being more likely to prescribe hydroxychloroquine. The study suggests that education alone may not be enough to combat polariz...
The University of Texas at El Paso has received a $1.25 million grant from the US Department of Energy to create a pipeline of scientists and engineers from underrepresented groups with expertise in modeling and simulation. The project aims to recruit, train, and develop diverse talent for advanced research and development in M&S.
A new species of snake, Dipsas aparatiritos, has been described from western Panama, having gone unnoticed for over 40 years. The species is relatively common and has a characteristic bulbous head and brown-and-black patterning.
A new study published in Nature Microbiology reveals that many ocean microbes rely on chemosynthesis, a process using inorganic compounds, to survive in deep-sea environments. The research found that trillions of microbes in the ocean use hydrogen and carbon monoxide as fuel.
A new study has found that adolescent girls who engage in moderate and vigorous physical activity have better attentional control. The study, led by University of Illinois professor Dominika Pindus, suggests that high-intensity exercise may be particularly beneficial for improving cognitive function.
A new study has revealed the structural nuances of a key protein found in both the kidneys and brains, shedding light on its role in treating diseases such as chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's. The discovery of LRP2's ferrying mechanism has led to hope for novel pharmaceutical approaches.
A University of Texas at Austin paleobiologist's new examination reveals the serious impact of reptile extinctions on island ecosystems. The study found that smaller islands lack a buffer when losing reptile species, leading to reduced ecosystem stability and increased vulnerability to collapse.
A new study reveals that all 50 US states now allow minors to consent independently to some STI/HIV services, but confidentiality protections are rare and vary significantly. The laws remain complex, with gaps in coverage for prevention services like the HPV vaccine and PrEP.
Researchers found that breeds genetically closer to wolves are more prone to reply with howls, while modern breeds bark instead. Older dogs over 5 years also show increased stress-related behaviors when howling.
Scientists will investigate the properties of coastal marine clouds, including their radiative effects and role human-made particles play in shaping Earth's energy balance. The study aims to inform numerical models used to represent ocean-cloud processes.
A new algorithm and framework for evaluating approaches have improved the accuracy of land change imagery by removing cloud cover. This allows for more accurate analysis of land surface changes, enabling scientists to study events like forest harvesting and urban development.
A study by researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management found that politicians who engage in incivility receive fewer followers and less interest in their messages. The researchers analyzed social media posts from Donald Trump and Joe Biden, finding that the former president lost over 6 million followers due t...
A recent study published in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine suggests that golf may be just as healthy or even healthier than Nordic walking for older adults. The research compared the acute effects of three aerobic exercises: an 18-hole round of golf, 6km of Nordic walking, and a 6km walk. The results showed that all three types of ...
A group of international scientists warn that nuclear radiation would have catastrophic consequences on ecosystems, including widespread hunger, toxic contamination, and habitat destruction. The authors urge policymakers to take action to mitigate these risks.
Scientists at the University of Florida have discovered that long-term memories are formed through experience-dependent changes in protein sets, which undergo reorganization to encode the brain's circuitry. This finding provides insight into the brain's plasticity and has potential implications for understanding neurological disorders.
Women who followed most aspects of a healthy lifestyle had about half the risk of long COVID compared to those without any healthy lifestyle factors. Maintaining a healthy body weight and adequate sleep were strongly associated with lower risk of long COVID.
A recent study by Georgetown University Medical Center found that climate-related events have a profound impact on mental health outcomes in Bangladesh. The research, published in Lancet Planetary Health, reveals a high correlation between temperature increases, humidity levels, and the prevalence of depression and anxiety.
A new study found that tailoring medication doses to a patient's DNA leads to a 30% reduction in serious side effects. The 'DNA medication pass' allows doctors and pharmacists to adjust prescriptions based on a patient's genetic profile, resulting in improved effectiveness and safety.
Global market trends are changing as Brazil catches up with US cotton exports, driven by trade policies and increased production. Brazilian cotton exports have risen significantly, while US exports have declined, especially in the Chinese market.
A study published in CANCER found that people's defensive beliefs can prevent them from taking at-home stool tests for colorectal cancer screening. Individuals who reacted defensively were more likely to believe that a healthy lifestyle or regular bowel movements mean they don't need to be screened.
A high-fat diet allows the immune system to eliminate a parasitic worm that causes long-lasting infections in the large intestine. This discovery may lead to new treatments for millions suffering from intestinal parasitic infections worldwide.
A new study predicts devastating socioeconomic impacts of future extreme coastal flooding on developing nations caused by climate change. Without adaptation measures, the number of people affected could increase from 34 million in 2015 to 246 million by 2100, with expected annual damage costing over five percent of national GDP.
A recent study published in The ISME Journal reveals that the majority of bacteria living in wild soil are slow growers, contrary to previous lab-based frameworks that suggested a dichotomy between fast and slow growing microbes. This finding highlights the importance of testing field-based ideas with data from nature.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have successfully created a five-nanometer-thick ferroelectric semiconductor, paving the way for integrating this technology with conventional components in computers and smartphones. This could enable ultra-efficient, low-power devices for AI and IoT applications.
A large-scale observational study from China demonstrates a strong link between ideal cardiovascular health and lower mortality rates. Individuals with higher scores on behavioral and medical factors had approximately a 50% lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and respiratory mortality compared to those with lower scores.
A UTHealth Houston study found caregivers of people at high risk of CTE are more likely to seek information from social media than physicians. The study also showed that participants reported 77% of online CTE information is probably true, with league-sponsored websites and healthcare providers being the least credible sources.
A UCF cancer researcher is studying the molecular causes of Alzheimer's disease by examining a protein deficiency in the brain. His research may lead to new targets for therapy and earlier diagnosis. The study focuses on KLF8, a protein important for brain function that has been recorded as deficient in patients with Alzheimer's.
A team led by Dr. Feng Wang found that Argonaute 4 binds to and retains snippets of ribonucleic acid molecules guiding the chemical inactivation of genes with matching sequences, playing a crucial role in gene silencing through DNA methylation. The retained RNA fragments help tether AGO4-RNA complexes to corresponding DNA sequences, bo...
The James Webb Space Telescope has identified the precise location of the 'engine' powering merging galaxy IIZw096, a bright and energetic source of light. The engine is responsible for up to 70% of the system's infrared emission and has a radius no larger than 570 light years.
Researchers at Duke University have created a new approach to controlling cellular biochemical processes by building synthetic compartments that isolate biomolecules. This technique has the potential to be used to understand and fight disease, including the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
The Access to Advanced Health Institute has received a $9.9 million award to develop an intranasal bivalent influenza RNA vaccine candidate based on its self-amplifying RNA platform that targets both pandemic A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) influenza virus pathogens.
Researchers have found that nasal drops of chemical compounds called polysulfides may prevent serious side effects of aortic surgery, such as paralysis of the lower body. In a mouse model of paraplegia after aortic surgery, intranasal administration of polysulfides inhibited damage to spinal cord motor neurons and prevented paraplegia.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have developed a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease that targets the earliest, pre-symptomatic signs of the disease. The treatment, using cyclic peptides, has shown promise in diagnosing and preventing progression of the disease by blocking the formation of toxic oligomers.
A new method assesses decision importance under uncertainty, suggesting that best decisions still pay off even when success is low. The study applies the method to a stylized greenhouse-gas emission problem, indicating that an early transition to a decarbonized society is rational despite low probability of success.
A study of 57,460 US cases found a sustained decrease in infant pertussis incidence following Tdap vaccine introduction. Maternal vaccination is associated with reduced disease burden among young infants.
A nationwide Finnish study found that around 58% of people with low educational attainment by age 30 will have a diagnosis of a mental disorder by age 52. The study also showed a stronger association between lower socioeconomic position and later diagnoses of substance misuse or schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
The first full reference genome for a genetically improved tilapia strain has been published, revealing substantial genetic variation that highlights the need for strain-specific breeding programmes. The genome assembly provides crucial resources for breeders to develop strains with enhanced growth rate, immunity, and resilience.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a sustainable method for creating high-performance porous membranes from plastic waste, using bio-based solvents to dissolve polyolefins. This process reduces the environmental footprint of industrial separations and creates access to fresh water.
An updated Cochrane review found no effect of vitamin D supplements on reducing the risk of asthma attacks or improving control of asthma symptoms in children and adults. The review analyzed data from 20 randomized controlled trials involving over 2,200 people with mild to moderate asthma.
Scientists made a groundbreaking discovery that lymphatic vessels can produce both red and white blood cells, challenging the long-held belief that blood cells come solely from bone marrow. The study suggests that lymphatic vessels may play a role in fighting infection and could be important for treating certain blood cancers.
Researchers have identified superfast muscles in mouse legs using new technology, opening up possibilities for therapeutic interventions to improve human limb movements. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind fast twitch muscles and fatigue-resistant oxidative muscles.