Stress activates neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus during non-rapid eye movement sleep, causing microarousals that interrupt sleep cycles. Suppressing these neurons may be a promising target for therapies to treat stress-related sleep disorders like insomnia and PTSD.
A groundbreaking study by David Berry and Alessandra Riva at the University of Vienna discovered that a wide range of gut bacteria can bind to inulin, a widely used prebiotic. The researchers developed an innovative method to track the interaction of inulin with gut bacteria, yielding surprising results.
A recent study found that beef operations with lifelong grass-based diets may produce a 42% higher carbon footprint when considering soil carbon sequestration and carbon opportunity costs. This is in contrast to grain-finished operations, which have been previously shown to have a lower environmental impact. The study's findings emphas...
A new study by Concordia researchers found a strong positive relationship between percentage body fat and echo intensity, indicating more fat within the muscle. The study also revealed differences in lumbar multifidus characteristics between male and female athletes, with females having larger LMs than males.
Researchers from the University of Notre Dame document extensive damage to Ukraine's cultural heritage sites, including churches, schools, and archaeological sites. The team found widespread devastation caused by missile strikes and underground trench systems, with many historical buildings and monuments affected.
A Washington State University study reveals that high-elevation snow in the Pacific Northwest is melting earlier due to frequent and intense heatwaves. The researchers found that these heatwaves have doubled in frequency and intensity since the mid-1990s, posing a significant threat to the region's water supply.
Researchers have conducted the most comprehensive genome analysis of Indigenous Australians, revealing hundreds of thousands of unique DNA variations. These findings hold promise for tailored treatments addressing health inequities and improving outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara developed an adaptive roof tile that can switch between heating and cooling modes based on temperature. The device, powered by a wax motor, has been shown to reduce energy consumption for cooling by 3.1x and heating by 2.6x compared to conventional devices.
The National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative study demonstrates a 71% survival rate for patients treated with the new protocol, which involves rapid initiation of mechanical circulatory support and right heart catheterization. This significant improvement in survival rates is expected to save thousands of lives each year.
A team of researchers at Hokkaido University has discovered a new role for 4.5 SH RNA in mice, which plays a crucial role in regulating alternative splicing and may be the first identified member of a new class of regulatory RNAs.
Researchers from Jefferson Lab, imec, and Cornell University collaborate to develop ultra-energy-efficient Superconducting Digital electronics for emerging AI and quantum computing technologies. The project aims to improve energy efficiency by 100X and enable both classical and quantum computing.
A Rutgers study finds adults with cognitive disabilities report lower overall satisfaction with healthcare services and worse experiences in encounters. Poor patient-provider communication is a key contributing factor.
Researchers will compare two healthcare delivery models focusing on early detection and control of postpartum hypertension and social/mental health factors. The study aims to improve birth outcomes for women and children in underserved communities through a patient-centered approach.
Becky Trout Fryxell, UTIA associate professor of entomology and plant pathology, is part of the $7.1 million VectorED Network, focused on preventing and educating about vector-borne diseases like Lyme disease and La Crosse virus in Tennessee.
A recent study found that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes interact negatively with myofibroblasts, leading to electrical instability and arrhythmogenic potential. Blocking Interleukin-6 signalling reduced these negative effects, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for safe regenerative treatments.
Recent progress in CRISPR-Cas editing enables tailored probiotic organisms to promote gut health, support immune systems, and enhance metabolism. Genetically modified probiotics have shown potential in preventing or mitigating diseases, such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria and inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers have identified a new autoimmune disorder that disrupts tooth enamel development, specifically in children with celiac disease. The disorder is linked to the immune system's faulty education process, leading to autoantibody production that damages permanent teeth.
Researchers discovered that Nectandrin B, a bioactive lignan compound from nutmeg, extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster by as much as 42.6%. The study found that Nectandrin B reduces intracellular ROS levels and improves age-related symptoms such as locomotive deterioration and neurodegeneration.
Researchers at Texas A&M University found that it takes over a month for negative alcohol effects to wear off, and fathers' sperm are still negatively impacted by drinking even during the withdrawal process. The study suggests that men should abstain from alcohol at least three months prior to conceiving.
A new algorithm, SIMSEF, significantly speeds up and simplifies the identification of chemicals in tissues, enabling researchers to confidently recognize and visualize their distribution in organs. This development has great implications for medical diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
A new study has found that idiopathic hypersomnia, a rare sleep disorder, is more common than previously thought, affecting approximately 1.5% of the population. People with this condition experience excessive daytime sleepiness, despite getting sufficient sleep at night.
Researchers at NIH mapped the 3D organization of genetic material in human retinal formation, revealing a dynamic process that regulates gene expression. The findings lay a foundation for understanding clinical traits in many eye diseases.
A national study using telehealth assessments aims to identify infants with early behavioral differences that may indicate autism or developmental delays. The study will provide valuable insights into predicting these developmental skills and offer improved feedback and support for families.
Researchers unveiled an atlas cataloging the location and type of every cell in the adult mouse brain, revealing a complex relationship between genetic identity and spatial position. The map, which charts over 5,300 cell types, provides a detailed 'parts list' for the brain and could pave the way for precision treatments for diseases.
Research by Hungarian researchers found that flat-faced dogs, like French Bulldogs, sleep more due to increased daytime sleepiness and longer REM sleep phases. Their EEG patterns showed signs of white matter loss and distorted brain function.
Researchers create electrode material that attracts uranium ions from seawater more efficiently than existing methods. The material extracts 12.6 milligrams of uranium per gram of coated, active material over 24 days.
A NASA study suggests that 17 exoplanets could have subsurface oceans beneath their icy surfaces, potentially harboring life. The team estimated geyser activity on these planets, predicting that some may exhibit cryovolcanic eruptions, which could be detected using powerful telescopes.
A new study found that a smaller dose of the mpox vaccine, administered in two doses spread out over weeks to months, produced a detectable immune response similar to the full FDA-approved dose. This was true for people with or without HIV, and those previously vaccinated against smallpox also had a stronger immune response.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a novel embryo-like model, heX-Embryoid, which replicates key features of early human development, including blood cell generation. The model has been shown to produce structures similar to blood islands and detect progenitors of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells.
Two new studies show that renters living along the East and Gulf coasts experience rent increases, higher eviction rates, and less affordable housing after a hurricane. Renters often lack access to post-disaster government aid and benefits from federal mitigation programs.
A new study found that senior physicians in cognitive and procedural specialties see fewer Medicaid patients and those from racial/ethnic minorities compared to junior physicians. This raises concerns about a two-tiered healthcare system and disparities in patient access.
A new study from Binghamton University School of Management found that positive workplace gossip can reduce employee turnover and improve an organization's effectiveness. Employees who engage in positive gossip with coworkers may experience social gains, including reduced negative feelings towards their workplace.
A longitudinal study found that worsening depressive symptoms among adolescents are associated with decreased help-seeking intentions. The study's findings suggest creating a supportive environment is crucial to encourage adolescents to disclose their psychological distress.
Astronomers used NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to identify the new record-holder: a tiny, free-floating brown dwarf with only three to four times the mass of Jupiter. The discovery provides clues about the star-formation process at very small masses and sheds light on the properties of exoplanets.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a copolymer system that can control solvation and bind different ions through an electrochemical process. The study presents a new pathway for electrochemically controlling ion selectivity, offering a precise platform for removing ions from water.
Gladstone scientists have created an intricate map of how the immune system functions, examining the detailed molecular structures governing human T cells. This study will accelerate the development of new and better therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
A new study reveals that trees growing in wetter regions are more sensitive to drought, with up to 50% of species' ranges expected to become drier by 2100. Climate change models predict these areas will experience rapid drying, exposing trees to conditions beyond their adaptive capacity.
A panel of experts concluded that the November 2022 Peace River earthquake sequence in Alberta, Canada was likely induced by human activity. The study used questionnaires created to distinguish natural from induced earthquakes, and gathered data on fluid injection information and past regional seismicity.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University found that nonmonetary incentives boosted coverage of local news on digital platforms. As citizen journalists reduced their output, professional journalists increased their production, leading to a decline in overall content and viewership.
Research from the University of California San Diego finds that wildfires transform lakes and aquatic ecosystems, storing more carbon and emitting less CO2. The study suggests a shift in the role of aquatic systems in the global carbon cycle, with potential consequences for aquatic health and fisheries.
A cross-disciplinary study from the University of Cambridge reveals that a drought in southern California in the mid-1970s led to the explosive rise of professional skateboarding culture. The authors argue that small environmental changes can have profound effects on human behavior, stimulating cultural and technical innovation.
Using metformin plus insulin to treat preexisting type 2 or gestational diabetes diagnosed early in pregnancy did not show a reduction in composite neonatal adverse outcomes. The study suggests that the effect of reducing large-for-gestational-age infant risk after adding metformin to insulin warrants further investigation.
Researchers have designed a nanoparticle-based drug delivery system to target inflammation, addressing issues with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. The system utilizes targeting moieties to enrich nanoparticles in inflamed tissues, achieving enhanced efficacy.
A new study found that a genetic variant in the APOL1 gene reduces the risk of kidney disease in high-risk individuals, particularly those with African ancestry. The discovery may lead to reclassification of patients and expansion of potential kidney donors.
Male songbirds need daily singing to exercise their vocal muscles and produce attractive songs. Regular practice is necessary to maintain social bonds and attract females, which can also hear the difference in a male's voice after exercise.
Scientists have developed a new system to display epitopes in mammal cells for immunization studies, potentially speeding up the immunization process. This method allows for targeted immune responses against specific viral proteins without the need to purify antigens.
A 20-year study confirms that prescribed burning and restoration thinning can reduce wildfire risk and boost forest health. The treatments improve tree resilience to drought and bark beetles without harming biodiversity. Combining thinning with fire produces the best results, making forests more resilient to climate change.
A new study highlights the experiences and needs of LGBTQ+ older adults living in nursing homes, outlining best facility practices for a welcoming environment. The research emphasizes the importance of respecting residents' autonomy and providing valuable resources for care.
Researchers found that patients who scheduled their own mammograms through an online patient portal had a 13 percentage point increase in screening completions. This simple intervention doubled the number of mammogram completions, resulting in approximately 4,500 more people getting screened.
A multi-institutional research team, including Osaka University, has developed a new approach to enhance the efficiency of Mie scattering, which could lead to significant advancements in meta-photonics and applications like all-optical transistors. The researchers found that misaligning the incident laser on a nanometer scale can induc...
A study found that persistent COVID-19 symptoms and previous severe cases were associated with increased odds of pandemic-related economic hardship. Families with lower incomes before the pandemic were disproportionately affected, experiencing more employment disruptions and earnings losses.
The convergence of automation and AI is revolutionizing organic chemistry research, introducing generative AI assistants that can learn and evolve. This shift enables new possibilities in understanding reaction mechanisms and heuristics.
A new study found that HSP10 treatment improved exploratory preferences, object contacts, and swimming time in aged mice, while also increasing proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts. The protein also mitigated age-related gene reductions and increased sirtuin 3 levels.
A long-term study found that green manuring strengthens core microbiomes in soils, promoting organic C mineralization, N fixation, and N2O release. Keystone phylotypes were key to unlocking these functions across vertical soil profiles.
Researchers at USTC developed novel chiral boryl radical catalysts for asymmetric catalysis, achieving high reaction efficiency and selectivity. The catalysts exhibit exceptional capabilities in constructing chiral functional molecules through a precision-controlled catalytic cycle.
A GEOMAR study found that low North Atlantic sea surface temperatures are responsible for heat events on land. The researchers discovered a link between cold ocean temperatures and European heat waves, which contributes to the formation of high pressure systems and clear skies.
A study suggests that increasing beaver populations in the Western U.S. could lead to higher levels of methylmercury in rivers and surrounding habitats. Beavers' dam-building activities can create wetland habitats, but also generate bacteria that produce toxic neurotoxins.
Researchers propose optimising campus solar PV system to support over 200 electric vehicles with free or nominal charging facilities. This could reduce annual electricity costs by more than 9% while helping lower peak power demand by at least 12%.
A team of researchers has designed nanoparticles with a propeller shape to improve control over their movements. The chiral shape allows for stability and directionality, enabling cargo transport and manipulation, which can be useful for drug delivery and lab-on-a-chip systems.
Researchers developed a suite of free tools for analyzing vast amounts of brain dissection photographs, enabling the extraction and integration of quantitative information. The tools allow for the reconstruction of 3D brain images from biobank photos, providing valuable insights into neurodegenerative diseases.