A team of biostatisticians created a framework to evaluate the congruence and discordance of laboratory animals with specific human diseases. The tool removes bias from scientific interpretation of animal data for human conditions, revealing that some models mimic biological mechanisms well while others poorly.
A new study reveals that online hate speech is frequently conveyed through subtle and modified wording, allowing it to evade detection. Covert methods of expression are being used by haters to avoid detection, highlighting the need for increased attention to implied ways of expressing hate.
Researchers from Osaka University have stabilized atomic carbon for common reaction conditions in organic chemistry, enabling the synthesis of complex drugs in one step. This breakthrough simplifies and lowers the cost of pharmaceutical synthesis.
A study of over 900 human transcriptomes found that circadian gene expression varies significantly by sex and age, with females showing more sustained rhythms and a higher number of rhythmic genes. Older individuals also exhibited lower rhythmicity, particularly in tissues related to cardiovascular disease.
Scientists have discovered a new antibiotic, lunaemycin, extracted from moonmilk deposits with properties active against Gram-positive bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The study reveals the vast potential of moonmilk as a source of bioactive molecules.
A new study finds that Mexican American stroke survivors are less likely to receive intensive rehabilitation services compared to non-Hispanic white peers. Nearly one-third of all stroke survivors in the study did not receive any rehabilitation within 90 days of their stroke.
Researchers developed an AI algorithm to predict prime editing efficiency and accuracy, enabling faster and more precise genome editing. By analyzing a large data set of over 100,000 pegRNAs, the tool identifies key properties influencing prime editing success.
Neanderthals deliberately hunted down and slaughtered European straight-tusked elephants over 125,000 years ago, providing a significant source of nutrition. The study reveals that Neanderthals came together in larger social groups than previously assumed, with adult male individuals being overrepresented in the assemblage.
Researchers mapped every thalamic synapse on 15 neurons in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex in mice and found that despite being weak and sparse, they are reliable and efficient representatives of information. The diversity of thalamic inputs underlies these advantages, allowing a small population of neurons to assemble the overall picture.
New research from William & Mary reveals that applying bird decals to the outside of windows reduces collisions and avian mortality. The study found no effect when decals were applied to the internal surface of windows.
A new study found that medication administration errors can lead to negative emotions in healthcare professionals, including feelings of fear, disturbed mood, sadness, and guilt. Immediate reassurance and guidance from seniors and colleagues can help mitigate these effects.
Researchers developed a new method for measuring indoor air quality using transgenic nematode strains that produce fluorescence when exposed to harmful pollutants. The amount of fluorescence can be measured and used to detect various impurities in the air, including fungal samples, surfactants, and volatile compounds.
Researchers discovered a new approach to treating ependymoma, a rare childhood brain tumor, by targeting YAP fusion proteins. The study found that blocking the function of BRD4 gene expression regulator can prevent tumors from forming.
A study by Sylvia Cremer and her team reveals that pathogens reduce their chemical detection signals in response to ant's social care intervention. This adaptation allows the fungi to counteract spore removal and escape the ant's immune system, demonstrating the impact of collective hygiene measures on pathogens.
Researchers have found that glaciers advanced three times over the past 1,500 years in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, coinciding with evidence from other studies. The study uses radiocarbon dates from black mosses to constrain past glacier behavior and provides insights into climate history.
Suboptimal COVID-19 vaccination coverage was found in a study of 5.6 million US veterans, with younger and rural veterans showing lower rates of primary vaccination and booster shots needed for all veterans
A study found that youth binge drinkers show alterations in the gut microbiome, associated with poor ability to recognize emotions and increased craving. The research suggests that the gut microbiome regulates social and emotional cognition, supporting the development of novel dietary or pre/probiotic interventions.
A new study found that people in highly walkable neighborhoods are more likely to engage in adequate physical activity and have lower BMIs, but the association differs among Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations. The study highlights persistent inequities in physical activity due to systemic racism and policy barriers.
Researchers have devised a new mechanism to generate high-energy 'quantum light', which could reveal new properties of matter at the atomic scale. The theory predicts a way to control the quantum nature of light using correlated emitters with a strong laser.
Researchers have discovered that inhibiting conventional signalling pathway by disrupting LCK allows more efficient tumour cell killing, using FYN protein instead. This approach enhances T-cell function and reduces graft-versus-host disease, making CAR-T therapy more accessible to patients.
A new study reveals that the immune system mounts a weak response to lung cancer due to an environment created by bacteria in the lymph nodes near the lungs. T-cell responses are suppressed by regulatory T cells and interferon gamma produced in response to commensal bacterial presence.
Researchers at Lund University identified two areas in the genome that decide whether a willow warbler migrates across the Iberian Peninsula or the Balkans. This discovery sheds light on the genetics behind songbirds' migratory behaviour and has implications for understanding how species adapt to climate change.
The study found that nearly 17% of bird eggs fail to hatch, with endangered species experiencing even higher failure rates. Conservationists can support the recovery of threatened bird species by understanding how different practices affect hatching rates.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Cancer have developed a non-invasive test that can detect and profile prostate cancers in microscopic amounts. The test, known as the EV Digital Scoring Assay, has the potential to spare patients from unnecessary treatment-related side effects and direct them to effective therapies.
Researchers at HKUST developed a novel technology to simultaneously sequence genomic DNA and RNA in single cells from frozen tissues, enabling the discovery of rare brain tumor cell subpopulations. This breakthrough facilitates cancer research for complex tumors and opens new directions for drug target discovery.
A University of Michigan study found that humans are less forgiving of robots after multiple mistakes and that trust is difficult to get back. The researchers tested four repair strategies, but none were able to fully restore trust after three violations.
New analyses suggest that climate change alters global precipitation and evaporation patterns, leading to increased sensitivity in river water availability. This study revises forecasting models by incorporating local measurement data from over 9,500 catchments worldwide.
Physicists at Paul Scherrer Institute have found a way to tune the temperature of an unusual type of superconductor. By applying pressure, they were able to change the characteristics of the superconductivity from a 'nodal' structure to a 'nodeless' one, opening up possibilities for engineering quantum materials.
A new study found that massage therapy significantly reduces pain, stress, and anxiety in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer or sickle cell disease. The study published in Pediatric Blood & Cancer reports clinically significant benefits from massage therapy, highlighting its potential as a non-pharmacologic treatment o...
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that losartan can reduce the expression of inflammatory enzymes responsible for immunotherapy-related edema. The study suggests that losartan may allow patients to continue receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors without developing adverse effects in the brain.
A study by Dartmouth College researchers found that bacteria can form protective clusters with rival species, making it harder to kill harmful bacteria. This discovery highlights the importance of studying multispecies biofilm structures and may impact the development of bacteriophages and predatory bacteria as antimicrobial alternatives.
The Jackson Laboratory has developed a stable iPSC line, KOLF2.1J, with high genomic stability and wide applicability to various diseases. This cell line can be used as a reference platform for large-scale collaborative studies and accelerate human disease research.
The UCF team aims to improve English learners' academic success and family and community involvement through a three-pronged approach. They will provide educators with research-backed tools, increase parent engagement through Bilingual Village programs, and train alumni to maintain the program beyond the grant lifespan.
A new NIH-developed vaccine, VSV-SUDV, has been shown to completely protect cynomolgus macaques against a lethal Sudan virus challenge. The vaccine, based on the Ebola VSV vaccine concept, demonstrates cross-protective immune responses and provides rapid protective immunity to Sudan virus.
Researchers proposed using zwitterions to optimize polyoxometalate cluster electrolytes, improving proton conductivity and cycling stability. The strategy is expected to lead to wider applications in energy devices such as fuel cells and liquid or solid-state batteries.
Gail Frayne has been appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, responsible for developing and implementing financial strategies. She brings extensive experience in contract requirements, governance, and risk management to her new role.
A team of international researchers has developed a novel Co-N-C catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide synthesis. Their work offers a promising solution to produce H2O2 efficiently and sustainably. The study demonstrates the power of theory-guided research in accelerating the discovery of efficient electrocatalysts.
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have directly measured the mass of a lone white dwarf for the first time. The white dwarf, LAWD 37, has a mass of 56% that of our Sun, corroborating current theories of how white dwarfs evolve.
The NIH-led research response to COVID-19 included the rapid development of mRNA vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as improved diversity in clinical trials. The success of this effort has highlighted the importance of collective effort and continuous investment in basic and applied research.
Scientists have experimentally obtained a 2/3-octave-spanning microcomb in the broadband modulational instability state, featuring a spectrum from 1240 nm to 1950 nm and a mode spacing of 10 GHz. They also observed a novel soliton structure in near-zero anomalous-dispersion regime, dubbed 'anomalous-dispersion based near-zero-dispersio...
Researchers have developed a sophisticated AI algorithm, SPHINKS, that can refine omics datasets and pinpoint protein kinases responsible for tumor growth in glioblastoma. The algorithm has the potential to provide personalized treatments for patients with aggressive brain cancer.
The C235 color system uses prime numbers to represent red, green, and blue colors, resulting in a more unified and manageable color framework. This system enables the creation of a compressed color wheel with less than 1.2% compression error rate, allowing for efficient representation of all 256^3 colors.
A Princeton-led team discovered that abnormally large droplets in brain cells are linked to ALS, Alzheimer’s and a range of dysfunctions. The study provided a new understanding of the fundamental physical mechanism behind protein aggregation.
A new study provides a technique to inform progress towards international conservation goals, including protecting 30% of marine areas by 2030. The ProtectedSeas Navigator's Level of Fishing Protection score can help guide assumptions about fishing methods and activities.
Assistant Professor Mohammad Asadi has published a paper in Science describing the chemistry behind his novel lithium-air battery design, which could store one kilowatt-hour per kilogram or higher. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize heavy-duty vehicles such as airplanes, trains, and submarines.
According to hyperfunction theory, menopause is also a disease. Aging is a quasi-programmed disease that can be partially treatable by rapamycin. The author suggests that slowing aging may delay the onset of diseases like prostate cancer, obesity, and hypertension.
Scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School and NHCS have discovered that blocking an immune-regulating protein called interleukin-11 enables damaged kidney cells to regenerate, restoring impaired kidney function. This breakthrough suggests a new approach for treating chronic kidney disease.
A recent study from York University found that even at the age of five, children tend to have more positive associations with white peers over Black peers. However, taking an own-gender lens increases these positive associations towards Black children, suggesting a contextual nature of anti-Black racism.
People living with dementia are more likely to have cancer diagnosed at an advanced stage and receive less treatment, negatively affecting survival. Review authors provide pragmatic recommendations for clinicians treating cancer in patients with dementia.
A new study found that financial coaching for parents of infants in a pediatric primary care setting reduced missed well-child care visit rates by half and improved vaccination receipt. The intervention, which connected parents to public benefits and cost-saving services, also increased monthly household income.
A new smartphone application called FAST.AI uses machine learning algorithms to recognize facial asymmetry, arm weakness, and speech changes in people experiencing a stroke. The app's accuracy was validated through a study involving nearly 270 patients with acute stroke, showing promise as a tool for prompt individuals to seek care.
The February issues of the American Psychiatric Association's journals address risk factors for mental illness and substance use in psychiatric care. The research highlights the importance of understanding these factors to improve treatment outcomes and reduce disparities in mental health care.
Researchers found that small, disconnected wetlands are twice as effective in catching pollutants like nitrogen and phosphorus. These isolated wetlands can protect lake or river ecosystems from pollution, improving water quality and biodiversity.
A study by George Washington University professor Sonia M. Suter finds that reason-based abortion bans harm minority groups and restrict reproductive rights. The research challenges the notion that such bans are a remedy against eugenics, revealing instead a performative effort to justify discriminatory policies.
A new lifestyle-related biomarker, gluconic acid, is associated with high blood pressure and ischemic stroke in Black adults. The study suggests that a blood test measuring metabolites may help determine if diet and exercise are effective in lowering stroke risk.
Research suggests that poor oral health may contribute to declines in brain function and cognitive abilities. A recent study analyzed the relationship between oral health and brain health among approximately 40,000 adults and found a potential link between gum disease and white matter hyperintensities.
A new study suggests that intensive blood pressure treatment may slow the accumulation of toxins in the brain's perivascular spaces, a dynamic area involved in brain clearance. This finding is significant for understanding the relationship between high blood pressure and cognitive decline.
Researchers developed an automated autism screening test using EHR data from children under 1, achieving clinically meaningful accuracy by 30 days. The model improved over time, suggesting potential benefits when integrated with caregiver surveys for early autism screening.
Researchers found that patients treated with butylphthalide experienced milder neurological symptoms and better functioning at three months after a stroke compared to those who received a placebo. The study suggests potential benefits of this celery seed-derived medication in treating ischemic strokes.
Former Olympic-level gymnasts reported being subjected to coercive and repressive training methods, including obsessive weight control and restricted diets. The study highlights the need for a more balanced approach to athletic development, prioritizing athlete well-being over competitive success.