Researchers sequenced the genomes of two endangered sharks, finding low genetic diversity and signs of inbreeding in great hammerheads. In contrast, shortfin makos showed higher genetic diversity and limited inbreeding, offering a glimmer of hope for conservation efforts.
Researchers found that neurons in the hippocampus represent space in a nonlinear hyperbolic geometry that grows outward exponentially with time spent exploring an environment. This discovery provides valuable methods for analyzing data on neurocognitive disorders involving learning and memory.
Researchers found that geminivirus-encoded βC1 protein activates unfolded protein response (UPR) in host plants, inducing nuclear export of bZIP60 and manipulating downstream genes to promote virus infection. This interaction benefits TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB infection by regulating pro-survival factors.
Researchers at The University of Hong Kong and MIT have developed a new method to produce stronger interactions between photons and electrons, enabling hundredfold increases in light emission. This breakthrough has potential ramifications for commercial applications and fundamental scientific research.
A new stem cell model allows researchers to study the earliest stages of sex determination in mice and humans, providing insights into Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). The model enables the creation of a 'mini testis' in a dish, which could lead to better understanding of DSD, infertility, and fertility restoration.
A new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine shows that direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) drugs are more effective and cost-effective than low molecular weight heparin for treating cancer-associated thrombosis. The research compared the three DOACs with low molecular weight heparin using a computer model that simulated major...
Researchers at Umea University have discovered a new organelle inside neurons that enables the perception of smell. The newly discovered multivesicular transducosome plays a crucial role in storing and releasing transduction proteins, facilitating nerve impulses to the brain.
A new study by ICTA-UAB calls for a biocultural approach in nature conservation, incorporating human perspectives and cultural values. The research team compiled a list of 385 culturally important species that have a recognized role in supporting local identity, providing a common sense of place and belonging.
Researchers have successfully grown retinal cells from stem cells that can connect with neighboring cells and transmit sensory information like healthy ones. The breakthrough could lead to human clinical trials to treat degenerative eye disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
Researchers found a significant association between maternal primary language and breastfeeding continuation among very-low-birthweight infants in Massachusetts. Non-English speaking mothers had lower rates of milk provision, while English-speaking Black mothers had higher rates of breastfeeding continuation.
Researchers created a map of ancient ocean 'dead zones' to predict future locations and impacts of low oxygen zones in a warmer Earth's oceans. The map showed that during the Pliocene epoch, low-oxygen waters were widespread in the Atlantic Ocean, particularly in the North Atlantic.
A team from Brigham and Women's Hospital developed FIND-seq, a method that isolates and analyzes rare astrocytes driving MS inflammation and neurodegeneration. This approach identified signaling pathways controlling the development of pathogenic astrocytes in mice and humans.
Electrons play a key role in facilitating rapid heat transfer between layers of 2D semiconductor materials, allowing for efficient energy dissipation in futuristic electronic devices. The study provides new insights into the behavior of atomic motions and electronic pathways in nanoscale junctions.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed novel fluorescent dyes with modular structures, producing a wide color palette. The dyes have potential applications in security ink, solar power plants, and organic light-emitting diodes.
A new gesture drawing algorithm uses deep learning to produce rough, loose sketches with an overdrawn appearance. The algorithm can be controlled using parameters such as stroke length and curvature, enabling various artistic styles.
Chemists from Rice University and the University of Texas at Austin found that increasing charge-acceptor molecules on semiconducting nanocrystals can lead to reduced electron transfer rates in hybrid materials. The study highlights the importance of considering ligand-ligand interactions when designing light-activated nanomaterials fo...
A team led by prof. Sashuk created a semirotaxane molecule that can control the position of another molecule on its axis, regulating the rate of a particular chemical reaction. When exposed to blue light, the system accelerates the C-N coupling reaction by up to 5.4 times.
A new study found that vulnerable populations are more likely to experience disaster-related home loss and develop physical and mental functional limitations. Older adults, those with lower education levels, and individuals from higher income backgrounds were disproportionately affected.
Researchers tracked tweets about two invasive insects, spotted lanternfly and Tuta absoluta, on Twitter and in news stories. They found that activity patterns on these platforms aligned with official surveys, providing insights into pest spread timing and location.
Researchers have identified novel candidate drug targets for advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using innovative methods. A network of cell-to-cell communication driving scarring was uncovered, and one pair of proteins showed promise as a new treatment.
A Swedish study of 3,525 university students found procrastination associated with worse mental health, disabling pain, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The findings suggest that enhancing understanding of students' health is crucial due to the prevalence of procrastination among this population.
A study of 43,200 veterans found that increased social work staffing led to higher rates of palliative care use. Social workers may play a key role in increasing access to end-of-life care for this population.
A study published in JAMIA Open surveyed 112 FHIR apps, revealing a rapidly growing landscape of clinical and research-focused applications. Most apps were standalone and web-based, with a focus on clinicians rather than patients, highlighting the standard's potential for secure health information exchange.
Aarthi Narayanan's team will use cutting-edge technology to identify potential therapeutics for illnesses triggered by hemorrhagic fever viruses, including Ebola. The project aims to develop artificial intelligence models and organ-on-chip platforms to test promising compounds.
A new study found that foreign interference in American elections can reduce faith abroad in the United States as a trustworthy ally. Japanese citizens' trust in the US was higher when informed that US democracy is functioning versus not. The findings highlight the international security implications of successful electoral interference.
Two new studies examine the nature of China and Tibet's dynamics and a possible global organic carbon record. A model for natural avalanches also presents findings on long-lived postcollisional exhumation and cooling, while a novel technique is used to reconstruct paleohydrology from fluvial-deltaic deposits.
Researchers developed biosensors to measure real-time energy changes in plant cells, revealing the bioenergetics of pollen tube growth. The study found that mitochondrial respiration is a main source of cytosolic ATP, while plastid glycolysis supplies plastid ATP.
Scientists at EPFL have created a device that combines semiconductor-based technology with novel electrodes to harness water from the air and produce hydrogen gas powered by sunlight. The transparent, porous, and conductive electrodes mimic the properties of plant leaves, which convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
Researchers discovered a new CRISPR protein that can degrade single-stranded RNA, DNA, and double-stranded DNA, enabling the development of inexpensive and highly sensitive diagnostic tests for various infectious diseases. The test could combine high sensitivity and accuracy with rapid at-home diagnostic features.
The study developed a VR application for immersive multi-user firefighter-training scenarios, addressing disaster management tasks with minimal risk. The prototype integrated VR motion capture and synchronization of sensor data to create realistic training environments.
A study by Wake Forest University School of Medicine found that primary care providers frequently order prostate cancer screening tests, even when they provide little value to patients. The research team analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medicare Care Survey and found a significant increase in low-value screenings, such as PSA...
Physicists have discovered a way to observe quantum interference between dissimilar particles, allowing for the creation of high-precision images of gluon distributions within atomic nuclei. This technique enables researchers to better understand the force holding quarks and gluons together in atomic nuclei.
In a survey of 4,421 Japanese consumers, segments emerged based on preferences for domestic beef and alternative protein sources. Generous customers and conservatives were found to be willing to pay premiums for organic and conventional beef mince, while novelty accepters preferred sustainably grown meat substitutes.
Scientists have identified a unique CRISPR nuclease that not only recognizes and cleaves viral RNA but also damages other RNA and DNA inside the cell, impairing bacterial growth. This discovery opens up new possibilities for molecular diagnostics and direct detection of RNA biomarkers.
A team of researchers has developed an artificial tissue that repairs injuries and restores normal erectile function in a pig model. The artificial tunica albuginea (ATA) shows promise for repairing penile injuries in humans by mimicking the microstructure of natural tissues.
Researchers compared genetic codes from 62 animals to uncover the story of human body hair loss. The study found that a set of genes and regulatory regions are essential for making hair, and suggests new ways to recover hair after balding or chemotherapy.
Researchers developed a semi-submersible vehicle that can travel quickly with low drag and a low profile, making it ideal for military, commercial, and research purposes. The vessel's design allows it to collect and transmit data while minimizing energy expenditure.
Researchers analyzed 300 oceanographic projects funded by FAPESP, revealing a shift from USP to other institutions. FAPESP's support for long-term projects and collaborative research has significantly increased knowledge of Brazilian oceans. Deep-sea research remains a gap to be filled, requiring further collaboration and funding.
A new study found that structured visual design properties, such as symmetry and balance, reinforce claims about a brand's utilitarian benefits. In contrast, unstructured designs are associated with hedonic benefits. The research suggests marketers can use perception to influence beliefs about brand performance and consumer choice.
The Hubble Space Telescope has shed new light on the mystery of intracluster light, finding that these stars have been wandering around for billions of years. The survey suggests that these stars were already homeless in the early stages of the cluster's formation, and current theories cannot explain their origin.
Researchers develop AI model to predict exhaust gas emissions from ships under different air-to-fuel ratios. The ensemble dataset and double ensemble models produce the most accurate emission predictions for CO2, NOx, and SO2 gases.
Scientists have created a novel approach to produce phase-pure quasi-2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites, enabling highly efficient and spectrally stable deep-blue-emissive perovskite LEDs. The rapid crystallization method yields high-performance devices with an emission wavelength centered at 437 nm.
Research highlights how subsistence communities' livelihood activities contribute to deforestation and forest degradation due to socioeconomic factors. The study suggests that market-driven solutions adapted to each community's culture and context can help slow or reverse this issue.
Researchers identified two broad categories of MPNSTs based on their molecular makeup, one of which has a higher number of immune cells and tends to be more survivable. This discovery may lead to new treatment approaches for NF1 patients with MPNSTs, including immunotherapy and genetic testing.
Researchers at Columbia Engineering's Lipson Nanophotonics Group create tunable and narrow-linewidth chip-scale lasers emitting light of different colors, including green, blue, and violet. These inexpensive lasers have the smallest footprint and shortest wavelength of any tunable and narrow-linewidth integrated laser emitting visible ...
Researchers developed a non-invasive imaging technique using photoacoustic computed tomography to visualize the rat heart's anatomy and function. The 3D-PACT platform provides high spatial resolution and captures dynamic changes in cardiac structure, chamber size, myocardial wall thickness, and intracardiac flow.
Researchers from Okayama University developed a novel mechanical compression method to squeeze maximum benefits from plant biomass. The technique reduces energy consumption by eliminating the need for thermal drying, making it ideal for on-site operation and locally grown plants.
Researchers have developed novel organometallic molecular junctions that exhibit unprecedented thermoelectric performance, achieving a Seebeck coefficient of 73 μV/K. These results are promising for the development of nanoscale semiconductors and efficient thermoregulation.
Developed by Incheon National University researchers, the new membranes exhibit high mechanical strength, phase separation, and ionic conductivity. The 40% crosslinked membrane showed the highest relative humidity, normalized conductivity, and peak power density, surpassing commercial membranes.
A new study finds that climate risk insurance can effectively mitigate economic losses from US hurricanes under global warming, accelerating economic recovery. However, national insurance mechanisms in developing countries are insufficient to cope with extreme weather events, highlighting the need for international climate finance and ...
A team at the Allen Institute for Cell Science developed a new way to quantify the internal organization of human cells, capturing details about cellular shape variation. The study provides a roadmap for biologists to understand cell organization in a measurable and quantitative way.
The PBG group proposes a method using reflective photonic crystal slabs to generate high-conversion efficiency vortex beams without an alignment center. Their theory predicts conversion efficiencies up to 86% in designed reflection-type generators.
A new study finds that lettuce plants absorb toxic additives from tyre wear particles through the soil, potentially harming consumers. The research team discovered that these chemicals can be metabolized by plants into stable compounds with unknown toxicity.
A team of academia, industry, and non-profit collaborators led by Dr. Jenna Gorlewicz will develop the AIMS system, generating STEM content that can be accessed through sight, sound, and touch. The project aims to bridge the information access gap for persons with disabilities in STEM fields.
Scientists found that neurons actually fall silent above a certain level, with the most sensitive ones dropping off first. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that neurons plateau in activity above odor concentrations, and suggests a more complex encoding of smells at different levels.
A study by Colorado State University found that over 10% of adult female golden-mantled ground squirrels are killed annually along rural roads in the Gunnison Valley. The researchers suggest reducing personal vehicle numbers and using digital signs to alert drivers, as males are also vulnerable during mating season.
Scientists have developed a new method to enhance electron-photon coupling, resulting in a hundredfold increase in light emissions. The approach uses a specially designed photonic crystal to produce stronger interactions between photons and electrons.
The study confirmed the incredible fish richness of Madidi National Park, Bolivia, with 333 species recorded, doubling previous estimates. The most diverse orders and families were Characiformes and Siluriformes, accounting for 88.6% of total species richness.
A new study from Stockholm University found that bladderwrack in the Baltic Sea emits significant amounts of methane, which can offset the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide by these algae. The study measured greenhouse gas fluxes over several seasons and found that macroalgae habitats are net carbon sinks.
Researchers have discovered that vaping might not be a healthier alternative to smoking, especially in adolescents. EVALI symptoms can mimic those of other respiratory conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Pictorial questionnaires can help identify e-cigarette products used.