A study found that every member of a hyena clan, except the highest-ranking queen, suffers downward mobility across their lifetime due to demographic processes. Hyenas can move up and down in the hierarchy over time, but they slide down more often than jumping up.
Researchers identified four therapeutic monoclonal antibody candidates that neutralized a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Prolonged exposure to the virus triggered somatic hypermutations, equipping these antibodies with an extensive binding interface.
Researchers have identified cut marks on a fossil leg bone that suggest butchery and likely cannibalism by humans' close evolutionary relatives around 1.45 million years ago. The analysis of 3D models revealed nine clear matches for stone tool damage, which was found to be located in areas suitable for removing flesh.
A new global study published in the leading cancer journal finds that funding for cancer patient navigators improves medical outcomes, increases screening rates, and reduces healthcare costs. Navigators provide personalized care, support patients with diagnosis, treatment options, and relevant medical information.
A team of researchers from WEHI has solved a long-standing mystery about how the protein Optineurin recognises and removes damaged mitochondria. The discovery provides new insights into the Parkinson's disease pathway and could potentially lead to new treatments for the condition.
The £7 million CoTide project aims to develop scalable tidal stream energy, making renewable power cheaper, more reliable, and scalable. The initiative will create integrated engineering tools and solutions to overcome technical challenges in harnessing ocean tides as a clean energy source.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding osteoarthritis, linking degradation of articular cartilage to inflammatory and metabolic processes. Elevated levels of the protein c-Fos are found in human and mouse cartilage samples with OA, suggesting a new target for therapy.
A study by Penn State researchers found that minority communities bore the brunt of the opioid crisis, with Black men and American Indian/Native Alaskan men and women disproportionately affected. The researchers suggest that race- and gender-specific interventions may be more effective in preventing overdose deaths.
New study finds that men who suffered from mild COVID-19 have lower sperm concentrations and motility even three months after recovery. The researchers believe that the virus may cause permanent damage to male fertility, leading to long-term decline in semen quality.
Researchers found that mammals' stiff lower jawbones provide a unique advantage in terms of stiffness, but restrict options for evolution. Despite this limitation, mammals have adapted to eat various foods, rivaling the dietary diversity of vertebrates with multiple bones in their jaws.
A new study found that higher doses of oral semaglutide improved regulation of blood sugar levels and weight loss compared to lower doses. Participants who received the 25mg and 50mg doses lost an average of 17.5 pounds, nearly twice as much weight loss as those who took the lowest dose.
Researchers at UCalgary have found that Leishmania parasites exploit immune cells by targeting receptors to gain access and resist elimination, leading to stalled apoptosis and hindered vaccination efforts.
Researchers have discovered that gene editing technologies may introduce unintended mutations and damage to DNA in early human embryos. The study found that most cells repair breaks in the DNA using non-homologous end joining, which can lead to additional genetic abnormalities.
Aarhus University's AELECTRA project aims to develop a decentralized technology for producing liquid ammonia from renewable energy. The new process could halve investment costs and enable farmers to produce their own fertilizer or e-fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have found a novel mechanism to produce nanoscale light sources by exploiting the antenna-like behavior of semiconductor materials. By varying the voltage and measuring the current through a tunnel junction, they discovered an exciton resonance that acts as an effective antenna, enabling efficient light emission.
A new statistical learning approach developed by an international team has narrowed the range of likely future stratospheric water vapour amounts, ruling out extreme scenarios. This reduces uncertainty in climate change and its impact on the ozone layer's recovery.
Umar Mahmood, a prominent researcher and leader in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, has been awarded the first annual SNMMI Minoshima-Pappas Transformational Leadership Award. His work focuses on developing new imaging methods for disease process examination and early therapeutic response assessment.
The age of individuals with gender dysphoria has decreased, especially among those assigned female at birth, according to research published in General Psychiatry. The estimated prevalence of gender dysphoria rose significantly between 2017 and 2021, while the average age of diagnosis fell from 31 to 26.
Scientists have developed a new technique to cool membranes with lasers, achieving temperatures close to absolute zero without measurement. The method uses a coherent feedback loop, where laser light acts as both sensor and damper, to dampen thermal vibrations and reach extremely low temperatures.
A new analysis reveals megalodon's ability to regulate its body temperature, with temperatures up to 13°F warmer than surrounding water. This suggests the shark was warm-blooded and had an evolutionary advantage that may have contributed to its extinction.
A recent study in the Journal of Dairy Science found that dairy milk is a crucial source of essential nutrients like protein, riboflavin, vitamin B12, and phosphorus. The analysis revealed that 35% of global calcium consumption comes from milk, highlighting its unique contribution to human nutrition.
The Kessler Foundation will evaluate the long-term effects of a myoelectric orthosis on improving hand/wrist/elbow capability in individuals with spinal cord injuries. The goal is to increase muscle strength, joint range of motion, and daily task ability.
An analysis of court cases suggests that mediation might not have resolved conflicts about children's medical treatment, with only around half of cases potentially avoidable. The study highlights the limitations of mediation in resolving complex disputes, particularly when personal values are deeply involved.
Research found that women treated for childhood Hodgkin lymphoma may experience declining fertility and longer wait times to become pregnant, but overall success rates are high. The majority of women in the study who had tried to become pregnant were successful, with some being able to conceive at a younger age.
Researchers reconstructed the paleoelevation history of Taiwan's mountains using ancient sediment samples, revealing a rapid upshift in elevation of about two kilometers over 1.3 to 1.5 million years ago. The study provides new insights into tectonic processes and their impact on global climate.
Researchers estimate that gray whales off the Oregon Coast consume millions of microparticles per day, primarily from zooplankton and fish. The study suggests that these high loads of microfibers may be affecting the health and behavior of the whales, with potential consequences for their populations.
Research published by the American Psychological Association found that people believe in conspiracy theories due to a need to understand and feel safe in their environment. Additionally, certain personality traits such as a sense of antagonism toward others and high levels of paranoia are more prone to believing conspiracy theories.
A study of 406 family caregivers found that those with higher primary care functions experienced lower stress related to caregiving. Longitudinal and comprehensive elements of primary care functions were associated with reduced stress levels.
A study finds that China's aerosol reductions under carbon neutrality will cause temperature increases of 0.2-0.5 K over eastern China in the near-term future, with annual mean precipitation enhanced over southern China. In the long-term future, air temperature is projected to increase by up to 0.5 K due to clean air actions.
A new study finds that exposure to posthospitalization home-delivered meals is associated with lower 30-day rehospitalization and mortality rates. The study suggests that this service may help prevent hospital readmissions and improve patient outcomes.
The technique has the potential to overcome major shortcomings associated with conventional bioprinting, allowing real-time wound treatment and immediate anastomosis with native tissue. However, challenges remain, including integration with surrounding tissues and limited access to defect sites in articular joints.
A study by Flinders University researchers found that short exposure to wind farm and road traffic noise triggers a small increase in waking from slumber, fragmenting sleep patterns. However, wind farm noise wasn't more disruptive to sleep than road traffic, which was slightly more disruptive at higher audio levels.
The University of Sydney-led guidelines recommend personalized deprescribing plans and gradual dose reduction to minimize withdrawal symptoms. Clinicians should avoid abruptly stopping opioids without support or pain management plans, especially for patients with severe opioid use disorder.
Dmitry Beyder has been elected as the president of the SNMMI-TS for 2023-24, aiming to increase technologists' roles in providing theranostics and nuclear medicine therapy. He brings extensive experience from various positions in the field.
Scientists review preparation techniques for copper matrix composites with ceramic particles, enhancing mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. The study highlights the importance of particle characterization, interfacial bonding, and advanced preparation methods to optimize composite performance.
SNMMI-TS elects Julie Dawn Bolin as president-elect, focusing on educating students about nuclear medicine careers and improving professional development. Bolin brings extensive experience in nuclear medicine technology and education.
Mullani, a pioneer in positron emission tomography (PET) prototype development, has been recognized for his significant contributions to the field. He developed new innovations in PET designs and published the first validation of time-of-flight information in PET to improve image quality.
Henry VanBrocklin, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, has been recognized for his decades-long research on novel radiopharmaceuticals and their applications in medical imaging. He is being honored with the prestigious Paul C. Aebersold Award for his contributions to nuclear medicine.
A new PET radiotracer called <sup> 18 </sup> F-Cholestify has been developed to visualize metabolic cholesterol clearance in the brain. The tracer successfully visualized brain cholesterol metabolism in rats, non-human primates, and humans, showing promising results for studying neurodegenerative diseases.
This study reconstructs long-term clay mineral records to show the progressive aridification of Asia's interior since late Oligocene, driven by Tibetan uplift and global cooling. Clay mineral evolution reveals strengthened continental weathering and erosion in Asia.
Scientists have successfully imaged electronic molecular orbitals of single molecules, revealing superatom molecular orbitals suitable for electron transport in organic electronics. This breakthrough imaging technique will facilitate studying structural changes and reactions of molecules.
Researchers found that combining vermiculite with submerged plants reduces phosphorus levels and improves sediment oxygen circulation. The study also showed increased beneficial microorganisms and enhanced sediment permeability.
The new gap-free PN_T2T genome has significantly improved contig N50 length and filled gaps, enabling better exploration of agronomic traits. The genome reveals key genes and gene clusters related to plant defense mechanisms, water stress response, and salt tolerance.
A new study employs artificial neural networks to predict and optimize ozonation catalyst performance based on data from 52 different catalysts. The approach integrates fluorescence spectroscopy to determine optimal impregnation concentrations and times, resulting in improved catalytic performance and removal of total organic carbon.
The COATS experiment revealed new insights into the physical mechanism and spatial structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) during haze pollution in the North China Plain. The study found that mountain-induced vertical circulations can promote the formation of elevated pollution layers.
Scientists at the University of Ottawa have engineered an enzyme that can specifically cut small, non-coding RNAs, shedding light on their functions and paving the way for potential therapeutic applications. The new enzyme could be a powerful tool for studying these important RNA species.
A new discovery of ancient stone artefacts at an underwater spring off the WA Pilbara coast has confirmed the location is a submerged archaeological site with more artefacts likely hidden beneath the sea. The findings call for protection in line with UNESCO Convention on the protection of underwater cultural heritage.
The study found that COVID-19-era policy improvements in adult overall health and household nutrition resulted from the 2021 Child Tax Credit monthly payments. Cash transfers may effectively address adult health issues and enhance food security
A new study published in JAMA found that bempedoic acid can reduce major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk primary prevention patients who cannot tolerate recommended doses of statins. The treatment has the potential to improve outcomes for these patients, providing a new option for primary prevention.
Once-weekly Icodec demonstrated superior HbA1c reduction compared to once-daily Degludec after 26 weeks, but no difference was found in weight change. However, Icodec showed a higher rate of combined level two or three hypoglycemic events
Researchers have developed a new PET model to quantify cardiac amyloidosis, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and monitoring. The study found that a two-tissue reversible compartment model is the best method for quantifying 18F-flutemetamol myocardial uptake.
The expanded Child Tax Credit led to significant improvements in adult health and nutrition, with eligible adults reporting better health outcomes and food security compared to ineligible adults. The study estimates that this policy may have benefited approximately 1.08 million adults and 684,000 households.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a new type of computer memory that can process data in a way similar to the human brain. This technology uses hafnium oxide and tiny self-assembled barriers to store and process information, enabling greater density, higher performance, and lower energy consumption.
Researchers from Baylor University studied cortisol levels in leopard seals and found significant variations based on sex, diet, and body mass. The study provides crucial baseline data on this enigmatic Antarctic species.
A new study estimates a total of 1,179,024 excess deaths from March 2020 to February 2022, with significant increases in rural counties. The findings highlight the sustained burden of mortality in rural areas despite vaccine development and policy changes.
A study of over 8 million Ontario adults found that even a modest loss of kidney function (20-30% below normal) is associated with increased risk of death, cardiovascular events, and kidney failure in young adults. Early conversations about prevention and monitoring are recommended.
New research from Duke University reveals that warmer temperatures increase the number of germ cells, which play a crucial role in determining the sex of turtles. This finding may explain why temperature-dependent sex determination persists in many animals, despite seeming like a risky strategy.
Researchers discovered that high-status men's respect for minority women is key to improving group communication. When men in power show respect and accept women's expertise, teams become more effective at solving problems and sharing information.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine found activation of mTORC1 by b-catenin/CBP to drive partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer. This process, also known as p-EMT, is an early predictor of nodal metastasis and may be targeted therapeutically.
Scientists at Doshisha University develop a novel method to produce cell-sized microgel structures that can encapsulate and store DNA molecules. The study reveals the potential applications of these microgels in biomedical research, including confining and transporting large biomolecules.