Researchers at the University of Bristol found that human influences can reduce bee communication effectiveness, adding stress to struggling colonies. The study analyzed habitat differences, social lifestyle, and nesting habits to explain variation in communication strategies among bees.
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have identified new genes that regulate the surge protector in plants, which can help increase photosynthesis efficiency and boost corn yields. The discovery could lead to breeding plants better equipped to capitalize on yield-boosting sunlight.
The ventral lateral preoptic area (VLPO) has a novel function in inducing arousal, contrary to its traditional role in promoting sleep. VLPO neurons form direct connections with orexin neurons in the LHA, leading to wakefulness induction.
Researchers discovered that tirzepatide stimulates insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets through the GIP receptor. This finding contrasts with previous studies in mice, which showed that tirzepatide primarily stimulated insulin secretion via the GLP-1 receptor.
Research in the US and UK replicates a New Zealand study finding that childhood attention and behavior problems are linked to lower educational attainment, financial struggles, and poor mental and physical health. The studies also found that impulsivity problems predicted greater involvement in the criminal justice system.
A team of University of Colorado School of Medicine researchers explores the impact of chatbot avatars on patient experience, trust, and compassion in healthcare. They found that chatbots may reinforce social stereotypes and biases, but also have potential to increase trust among underserved patient groups if designed with respect for ...
A recent study has uncovered three previously unreported genetic loci associated with eyebrow thickness in Europeans, as well as rediscovering two of the four genetic loci previously found in non-Europeans. The research expands genetic knowledge on human eyebrow variation, with implications for dermatology and other fields.
A new study published by scientists at the University of Miami found that Miami residents may experience temperatures 6 degrees Fahrenheit higher on average than NOAA's official reported values, which can feel 11°F higher with humidity. The research team analyzed temperature and humidity data from low-cost sensors set up in outdoor loc...
Scientists create a novel thermoelectric module composed of both n-type and p-type Mg3Sb2-based alloys. The modules exhibit excellent matching TE and mechanical properties, enabling efficient power generation at medium temperatures.
Unseasonably warm and cold days prolong moth and butterfly activity by nearly a month, according to the study. Insect lifespans may also be affected, potentially leading to increased pathogen transmission.
Researchers discovered that years with high combustion emissions in South Asia lead to higher atmospheric optical thickness and plateau pollutant concentrations. Rainfall reduces pollutants through wet sedimentation, while a decrease in rainfall intensifies combustion emissions.
Astrophysicists suggest that the cocoons surrounding dying massive stars could be a new source of gravitational waves. These cocoons are turbulent, energetic places where hot gases and debris mix randomly and expand in all directions from the jet, perturbing space-time to create ripples of gravitational waves.
Researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology have developed a systematic review of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-fabricated NiTi alloys. The study highlights the effect of process parameters on printability, mechanical properties, and functional behaviors of NiTi shape memory alloys. These findings provide evidence for...
Zap Energy has developed a method to measure and calculate Q, the net energy gain, in its sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch fusion plasmas. The company measures temperature, density, and flow velocity to determine plasma confinement duration.
Researchers have detected complex organic molecules in a galaxy more than 12 billion light-years away from Earth. The study used the James Webb Space Telescope and gravitational lensing to observe the galaxy's atomic and molecular composition, revealing insights into the formation of galaxies, their lifecycle, and how they evolve.
The new digital decision support tool DAKIS was developed to help farmers transition to diversified and sustainable agricultural systems. It integrates large datasets, extracts critical analysis, and provides actionable crop management options.
Research shows higher physical activity levels can lower type 2 diabetes risk in people with high genetic risk. Regular exercise, especially moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities, was associated with a 74% lower risk of developing the condition.
The ETRI Exobrain project has greatly accelerated the settlement of Korean AI, creating a domestic artificial intelligence ecosystem. The project has contributed to over 490 papers and 362 patent applications, with technology transfers worth KRW 8.5 billion and commercialization fees of KRW 13.3 billion.
Researchers have created a wearable textile that can convert body movement into usable electricity and store it for future use. The fabric has high energy density and lengthy stability over charge and discharge cycles, making it promising for delivering wearable energy generation and storage.
A new study published in Hypertension found that oral estrogen hormone therapy may increase the risk of high blood pressure in women, while transdermal and vaginal formulations appeared to have a lower impact. The research involved over 112,000 women aged 45 years and older who took estrogen-only hormone therapy.
A new international study reconstructs the legacy of Chile's largest indigenous community, the Mapuche, through genetics and linguistics. The research reveals distinct Mapuche lineages originated locally and have remained in relative isolation, punctuated by episodes of contact with other South American populations.
A global analysis of national action plans to tackle antimicrobial resistance reveals a significant gap in preparedness. The study found that many countries lack adequate funding and monitoring mechanisms, hindering effective implementation of policies.
Researchers developed a method using artificial intelligence to track changes in brain synapses, enabling better understanding of how connections change with learning, aging, injury and disease. Machine learning was leveraged to enhance image quality, allowing for detection and tracking of individual synapses.
A recent study by the INSPIRE group identified four clinically distinct symptom presentations in patients with long COVID, suggesting that each patient experiences post-COVID symptoms in a unique way. The study's findings may lead to more targeted treatments for persistent symptoms.
A new framework defines super drought as simultaneous extreme droughts at multiple time scales, shedding light on compound dry extremes. A web service has been launched to monitor global super drought events in near-real-time, providing valuable insights for researchers and policymakers.
Researchers analyzed mobile phone signaling records to understand how people moved in response to the 2021 Zhengzhou flood. The study found that female, adolescent, and older adults were more vulnerable to flooding due to lower mobility resilience. It also identified four abnormal patterns of human mobility, which accounted for 50% of ...
Researchers found that shorter-legged lizards on tiny Bahamian islands reduced web spider populations by 41% and promoted plant growth, while longer-legged lizards had the opposite effect. This study demonstrates a two-way street in which evolutionary changes shape ecological interactions.
Researchers discovered that the early avian bauplan was shaped by natural selection driven by powered flight, with forelimb evolution constrained to basic 'blueprint' needed for flight. The study found avialan-like limb proportions established earlier in forelimbs than hindlimbs in theropod history.
Researchers at Lund University have mapped the location where atherosclerotic plaques rupture, identifying an enzyme marker that could predict patients at risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. The study's findings may lead to preventive treatments and new therapies.
A smartphone app developed by a team of researchers improved midwives' knowledge and skills in Tanzania, leading to better birth preparations for pregnant women. The app showed significant improvements in learning outcomes and home-based value scores, indicating a higher preference for hospital births.
The open-channel platform offers unique advantages for improving the efficiency and accuracy of trace biosensing through miniaturized reactors and easy accessibility to purification, mixing, and amplification. Various signal outputting approaches can be combined with the platforms to detect multiple targets.
A recent study from Michigan Medicine suggests relief may be possible for individuals with tinnitus, a condition characterized by ringing or hissing sounds. The innovative bi-sensory treatment device improved quality of life and reduced tinnitus loudness in nearly 70% of participants.
Researchers at Beckman Institute found fetal exposure to PCBs made it harder for mice to recover from sound-related trauma. Oxidative stress appears to be key mediator of the effect, suppressing auditory system's ability to heal.
Researchers have developed a self-teaching web app called BRIDGEcereal that quickly and accurately analyzes genomic data for cereal crops, identifying patterns of DNA variations. This breakthrough tool is expected to revolutionize crop improvement by efficiently mining publicly accessible cereal pan-genomes.
Researchers discovered that air quality monitoring stations worldwide are collecting eDNA, providing a treasure trove of biodiversity data. This could solve the global problem of tracking biodiversity at massive scales, with thousands of locations and decades of historic data.
Scientists using popular computational tools to interpret AI predictions are picking up too much 'noise' when analyzing DNA. Researchers have found a way to fix this by applying a new line of code, leading to more reliable explanations and potentially unlocking the next breakthrough in health and medicine.
Researchers developed a novel printing method that controls the precise deposition of bioink in embedding medium, achieving accurate and homogeneous structures. The method enables the creation of complex three-dimensional structures with multiple materials, which has potential applications in manufacturing heterogeneous tissue models.
A recent study found that American Indian and Alaska Native men are significantly less likely to receive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal exams from primary care providers compared to White men. This disparity results in poorer prostate cancer outcomes, particularly for men between 50-59 years old.
New research on Russia's sanctions reveals that targeted firms temporarily suffered modest losses but eventually adapted by reorganizing subsidiaries, altering supply chains, or seeking government support. This suggests that economic sanctions are unlikely to deter or reverse aggressive actions by other countries.
Optical memristors have the potential to transform high-bandwidth neuromorphic computing, machine learning hardware, and artificial intelligence. However, scalability is a significant challenge that needs to be addressed to unlock their full potential.
A new study examines the impact of marine heatwaves on fisheries and ecosystems, providing insights for managing these disruptions. The research highlights both winners and losers in the face of warming waters, emphasizing the need for adaptable management strategies to mitigate losses and capitalize on unexpected gains.
A team from UNIGE created a book with tactile illustrations that associate sounds with objects, enabling visually impaired children to identify them more easily. The combination of gestures, shapes, and sounds helps bridge the gap between visual and tactile experiences.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center found that predicting movement is crucial for eye-and-hand coordination. The study used high-speed cameras and AI methods to analyze primate behavior and developed a detailed model of vision-guided reaching behavior.
Researchers at ETH Zurich discovered a new method to produce slow electrons through optical excitation, allowing for more efficient chemical reactions. The slow electrons, created by dissolving sodium in ammonia and exposing it to UV light, can be controlled and used to initiate reactions.
Patients with advanced kidney cancer who receive second-line treatment with a combination of atezolizumab and cabozantinib do not experience improved progression-free survival or overall survival compared to those treated with cabozantinib alone. The study also finds higher toxicity levels in patients receiving the combination therapy.
Researchers found a link between bipolar disorder and potentially pathogenic mosaic mutations in genes associated with developmental disorders and autism spectrum disorder. Mosaic variants were also discovered in mitochondrial tRNA genes of patients with BD, suggesting a compromised contribution to the disease's molecular mechanisms.
The study found an objective response rate of 61.3% with a median duration of response of 22.1 months in patients with high HER2 expression. The treatment showed promise in a significant unmet area of clinical need, providing a new option for patients with hard-to-treat HER2-positive cancers.
The study found that only 28% of US youth-serving mental health facilities offered LGBTQ-specific services, highlighting the need for expansion of these services, particularly in underserved areas. Public mental health facilities were less likely to provide such services due to cost concerns.
Researchers built personalized brain network models to simulate brain dynamics and found that people with higher fluid intelligence took more time to solve difficult tasks compared to those with lower FI. This suggests that a synchronized brain is better at solving problems but not necessarily faster.
A new partnership between Patrick Reed and Kenneth Eilertsen is putting a focus on translational research and commercialization at Pennington Biomedical. The team aims to evaluate patentability and marketability of potential disclosures, promoting public benefit from scientific discoveries.
Researchers discovered that targeting specific blood vessel enzymes can enhance immunotherapy effectiveness and prevent breast cancer metastasis. By disabling the enzyme DNMT1 in blood vessels, doctors may bolster anti-tumor immune cells entry and increase patients' response to treatment.
A new, energy-efficient approach to removing CO2 directly from air has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and licensed to Holocene. The technology uses an aqueous solution containing receptors called Bis-iminoguanidine to absorb carbon dioxide, which can then be stored deep underground.
A new study suggests that industrialized countries in the Global North could be liable to pay a total of $170 trillion in compensation or reparations by 2050. This amount would be distributed as compensation to low-emitting countries that must decarbonize their economies faster than required, aiming to meet climate change targets.
Researchers invent time-resolved assessment of single-cell protein secretion with sequencing (TRAPS-seq) to correlate cell functions with secreted proteins. The technique accelerates the development of new therapeutic strategies for disease treatment, including targeting mechanisms selective for cancer cells.
Researchers found an astonishing record of biodiversity trapped on air quality filter samples in the UK, including over 180 plant and animal species. The study suggests that existing air quality monitoring networks could be used to track terrestrial biodiversity on a continental scale.
Researchers discovered a methanogen that converts sulfate into a cellular building block, reassembling a metabolic pathway piece by piece. The microbe assembled the first sulfate assimilation pathway from a methanogen, using genetic tricks to overcome energetic costs and toxic intermediates.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a way to soften stiff hair follicle stem cells, enabling them to grow hair again. By boosting the production of microRNA-205, they promote hair growth in both young and old mice, offering potential for human hair regrowth.
A new parasitic euglenid species has been discovered within four animal species collected from a Japanese rice field. The flagellate displayed active metaboly without flagella inside the host body, but extended its flagella upon leaving the host to swim.
Researchers found that women with higher-quality cardiovascular fat during midlife had stronger long-term memory and lower inflammation, while those with lower-quality fat had worsening working memory. The study suggests that taking care of heart health during menopause may protect brain health and reduce dementia risk.
A recent study has found that microbes play a crucial role in storing carbon in the soil, with a four-fold greater importance than other processes. This breakthrough could lead to improved soil health and increased food security through targeted farm management practices.
Researchers from Mount Sinai Health System presented new findings on the impact of customized lighting on inpatient sleep, a machine-learned combination of ventilatory, hypoxic, and arousal burdens, and the effects of obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia on cognitive impairment. The studies aim to improve sleep timing and duration, dia...
Researchers identified ZapE as a key regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, modulating the pqs quorum sensing system. The study suggests that ZapE is a novel target for anti-Pseudomonas compounds and has implications for treating antibiotic-resistant infections.
A new AI model, NeCLAS, can predict how nanoparticles bind to proteins, a crucial step in designing antibiotics and antivirals. This breakthrough could help combat antibiotic-resistant infections and develop new treatments for diseases.
Astronomers have detected a surprisingly large water vapor plume spanning over 6,000 miles from Saturn's moon Enceladus using the James Webb Space Telescope. The plume extends far beyond its release region at the southern pole and feeds the torus of Saturn's outermost ring, with 30% of the water staying within it.
Researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering achieved a quantum speedup advantage in a bitstring guessing game, managing strings up to 26 bits long by suppressing errors. The study demonstrates that with proper error control, quantum computers can execute complete algorithms with better scaling, even in the NISQ era.
A new meta-analysis suggests a strong link between childhood maltreatment and adult alexithymia, with three types of child maltreatment - emotional neglect, physical neglect, and sexual abuse - being particularly predictive. This can lead to difficulties in identifying and describing emotions, harming social and intimate relationships.
A new study reveals that previously unknown antibiotic resistance genes are widespread in bacteria across various environments, including the human microbiome. The findings suggest that these genes can pose a significant threat to human health, highlighting the need for enhanced understanding of their development and spread.
A Phase III trial found that axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with early relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma, compared to standard therapy. The estimated four-year survival rate was 54.6% with axi-cel.
A new human pangenome reference has been released, representing the genetic diversity of 47 individuals from around the world. This development may lead to breakthroughs in targeted medical treatments and a better understanding of disease responses, as regions previously missed are now being explored.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that 'Kangaroo mother care' reduces the risk of mortality by 32% and severe infection by 15%. Starting KMC within 24 hours and for at least eight hours a day also appears to be effective in reducing mortality.
A recent study found that germline genetic testing after cancer diagnosis is underutilized, with rates significantly lower among Asian, Black, and Hispanic patients compared to non-Hispanic whites. The study, published in JAMA, suggests disparities in access to genetic testing by race.
A new framework developed by Carnegie Mellon University researchers significantly reduces consumers' privacy risk while preserving advertisers' utility in mobile location data analysis. The framework uses machine learning to quantify personalized privacy risks and performs personalized data obfuscation.
A Houston Methodist study found that COVID-19 variants and severity affect heart function, with microvascular involvement seen less often after nine months. The study recommends PET scans to check for microvascular dysfunction, which may be reversible.
A recent study found significant differences in the gut microbiome of female southern white rhinos that reproduced successfully versus those that did not. The researchers identified a particular genus of microbes that may be limiting reproductive success in captive breeding programs.
A UC San Diego study reveals that industrial disasters like the Bhopal gas disaster in India may lead to higher rates of disability and cancer for children born to affected mothers. The research found a fourfold increase in miscarriage risk and increased stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates.
Researchers identified a Pcc1-like protein in archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, suggesting it's a homolog of eukaryotic Gon7. The study suggests archaeal KEOPS complex functions independently of t6A modification and supports the archaeal origin of Eukaryotes theory.
Researchers at the University of Utah Health have made a groundbreaking discovery about the role of microglia in controlling anxiety-related behaviors. The study found that specific microglia populations activate anxiety behaviors while others dampen them, and these cells communicate with neurons to invoke behaviors.
Erdafitinib achieves tumor-agnostic benefits across 16 cancer types, including urothelial, lung, and other cancers. The trial demonstrated a disease control rate of 73.7% and clinical benefit rate of 45.6%, with notable improvements in pancreatic and cholangiocarcinoma patients.
Researchers analyzed BORIS mutations and protein expression in breast cancer tissue samples, finding frequent mutations associated with breast carcinoma progression. The study suggests the BORIS gene as a potential biomarker for breast cancer.
International researchers have identified nutrient-rich black rice varieties with improved agronomic traits, including shorter stem length and early maturity. These findings provide important resources for crop bioengineers to improve pigmented rice for human health and sustainable agriculture.
A new study found that living in urban environments with material and social inequities is associated with premature biological aging. Depressive symptoms also accelerate epigenetic age acceleration, regardless of neighborhood deprivation. The researchers used DNA methylation-based estimators to examine aging at the cellular level and ...
Pre-training in medical data tackles challenges such as data scarcity and privacy concerns using AI techniques like transfer learning and self-supervised learning. Recent advances and new frontiers of pre-training-based techniques are introduced, including applications to medical images, bio-signal data, EHR data, and multi-modality data.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a highly reproducible genetic screen to investigate Toxoplasma's survival within hosts. The study identified IFN-γ-dependent and -independent virulence factors that promote parasite fitness, providing potential targets for treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis.
Researchers at the University of Oklahoma demonstrate a new method for secure information transfer using spatial correlations in quantum entangled beams of light. The study successfully encodes information into recognizable images, which can only be retrieved by joint measurements of the two entangled beams.
A team of astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope has detected complex organic molecules in a galaxy over 12 billion light-years away. The discovery suggests that the presence of these molecules does not necessarily indicate star formation, contradicting a long-held assumption.
Researchers have developed a simple blood test that can diagnose De Vivo disease, a rare and disabling neurological disorder. The test, called METAglut1, has a high sensitivity and specificity, allowing for accurate diagnosis in a short amount of time.
Researchers develop a novel voice spoofing detection method combining physiological and physical features, achieving improved performance over existing methods. The proposed method outperforms single systems in terms of EER and t-DCF scores.
A new study finds that mycorrhizal fungi store up to 36% of yearly global fossil fuel emissions' carbon, equivalent to roughly 13 gigatons. This vast underground network is essential to both storing carbon and global biodiversity.
Researchers found that plants allocate a significant amount of carbon to mycorrhizal fungi, equivalent to roughly one-third of carbon emitted yearly by fossil fuels. This discovery highlights the importance of understanding fungal networks in soil ecosystems and their role in mitigating climate change.
A new study by the University of Utah Health reveals that people with higher cardiovascular disease risk are more likely to develop musculoskeletal disorders. The study suggests prioritizing cardiovascular health can help prevent these conditions and improve quality of life.
Researchers discovered tirzepatide's unique ability to activate both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, leading to increased insulin secretion. This finding validates the potential of multi-receptor agonists for treating metabolic diseases.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers finds that crime risk assessment tools, such as machine learning models, are prone to cohort bias when ignoring social change dynamics. This bias can generate inequality in the criminal justice system, distinct from racial bias.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys have discovered a new treatment for autoimmune diseases using LY3361237, an antibody that activates BTLA to inhibit the immune system. The study provides insight into the molecular biology of the immune system and could lead to the development of more effective therapies.
Researchers at the University of Liège have made a groundbreaking discovery of a novel organisation of muscle fibres in Parophidion vassali, a fish that produces sounds using specialized muscles. This new arrangement of myofibrils forms an enormous network within the muscle fibre, potentially allowing for rapid contraction while retain...
The Sooty Bark Disease, caused by Cryptostroma corticale, is a growing threat to European maples and human health. Researchers have developed a DNA-based diagnostic method to detect the pathogen in air samples using volumetric air samplers.
A supervised hospital walking program has been shown to reduce nursing facility admissions for older adults by lowering the proportion of patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities from 13% to 8%. However, low participation rates and limited impact on length of stay or inpatient falls were noted.
A study published in Archives of Disease in Childhood found that children breastfed for longer had improved educational outcomes at age 16, with modest gains in academic achievement. The research analyzed data from the Millennium Cohort Study and found a strong association between breastfeeding duration and better exam results.
Researchers at UCSF tested a nitroglycerin patch for treating menopausal women experiencing severe hot flashes. The study found short-term improvements, but benefits did not last past 12 weeks, with some side effects reported.
Researchers from the BabySeq Project found that over 10% of newborns had unanticipated mutations in disease-associated genes, all medically actionable. The study prompted genetic testing, specialty consultations, and procedures among at-risk family members, including risk-reducing surgeries for mothers.
A new study using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has identified a critical gene, SLC4γ, required for young coral colonies to build their skeletons. This gene is unique to stony corals and may have evolved to support skeleton formation.
A new study found that 63% of children on Medicaid do not receive mental health services within six months after a firearm injury. Children who survive firearm injuries are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, including newly diagnosed trauma-related disorders and substance use.
A new study reveals that diverting streams and rivers for irrigation can significantly extend the time microplastics spend in river catchments. Researchers found a strong link between urbanisation and microplastic concentrations, with microplastic loads increasing downstream of more urbanised areas.
A team of researchers used MRI and audio recordings to demonstrate the association between caregiver speech and infant brain development. Infants who heard more words had slower-developing white matter, but eventually showed better linguistic performance when they began to talk.
Researchers developed a liquid metal-based stretchable soldering sticker patch to resolve the issue of electrical connection between rigid chips and soft conductors. The technology uses freestanding liquid metal-nanowire composites to create a stable interface, allowing for direct connection between elastic electrodes and hard chips.