A team of researchers created a deep learning system capable of detecting natural disasters using images from Twitter and Flickr. The system, trained on over 1.7 million photographs, was able to accurately identify incidents such as floods, tornadoes, and forest fires.
Researchers found real breed differences in pain sensitivity thresholds, contradicting veterinarian rankings. The study suggests biological and behavioral factors influence pain tolerance, highlighting the need for individualized treatment approaches.
A new study detects starlight from two massive galaxies hosting actively growing black holes, seen less than a billion years after the Big Bang. The findings suggest that the relationship between black holes and their host galaxies was already in place 860 million years ago.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that equine-facilitated psychotherapy significantly improves the lives of patients struggling with substance use disorders. The therapy, which involves horses, has been shown to boost mood and overall well-being.
Researchers found that tobacco hornworm caterpillars introduce an enzyme into plants during feeding, modifying the plant's fragrance to attract predators. This interaction may be beneficial for the caterpillar's development, outweighing any costs associated with its interaction with the plant.
NetSci 2023 brings together top researchers in physics, computer science, biology, and social sciences to exchange ideas on network structures. Keynote speakers discuss the application of superconducting elements and the dynamic processes governing large networks.
Adults without dementia exhibit age-dependent brain structure volumes and changes, clarifying the aging brain's normal distributions. These findings contribute to understanding age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have developed a soft film that can regulate its transparency across visible, infrared, and microwave wavelengths simultaneously. The material's ability to modify its transparency rapidly could benefit dynamic camouflage technologies and adaptive personal devices.
A recent study suggests that financial penalties can effectively encourage hospitals to comply with federal price transparency regulations. This finding is significant for other regulations aimed at promoting transparency in healthcare, highlighting the importance of policy enforcement mechanisms.
A new drug, mirikizumab, has demonstrated a doubling in remission rates for ulcerative colitis patients, with up to 50% achieving clinical remission. The treatment showed little to no side effects and was found to be safe, offering a promising option for those with moderately severe and severe forms of the disease.
A study published in Science Advances discovered that talitrids, a group of small crustaceans, independently colonized mountain habitats four times during the Oligocene and Miocene periods. Genetic adaptations allowed them to survive in colder environments and establish themselves in diverse habitats worldwide.
A new computer model forecasts yield for four key crops in the southeastern US, drawing on climate, groundwater, and agricultural data. The tool helps farmers and water resource managers identify ways to maximize crop yields while efficiently utilizing water and energy.
A study of over 22,000 people with MS discovered the first genetic variant associated with faster disease progression, which can rob patients of mobility and independence. Understanding this variant will hopefully pave the way for new treatments that can prevent disease progression.
A recent meta-analysis of 29 studies found that intranasal insulin treatment can boost cognition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's Disease. The analysis suggests potential benefits for this treatment approach, which may be worth further investigation.
Researchers demonstrate potential of blockchain technology in securing robot swarm coordination and neutralizing harmful Byzantine robots. By using a blockchain-based token economy, the swarm can identify and exclude malicious robots, ensuring autonomous and safe deployment.
Researchers use artificial intelligence to predict where and why landslides occur, pinpointing key variables contributing to the earth's slip. Their new method improves accuracy and interpretability, making it more valuable for protecting lives and property.
A study found that truncating fins in liquid metal-based microchannel heat sinks increases flow rate, reducing coolant temperature and heat sink temperature. The expanded design achieves a maximum reduction of 36% in total thermal resistance for low channel aspect ratio microchannels.
A University of Queensland developed vaccine will protect farmed saltwater crocodiles from West Nile virus (WNV), providing economic benefits worth $10million per year. The vaccine is the first of its kind to achieve proven safety and efficacy in crocodiles, with a robust immune response induced after two doses.
Scientists at ETH Zurich and University of Geneva investigate how concentrated urea solutions react to ionizing radiation, revealing fast proton transfer that may have led to emergence of RNA and DNA. The new method allows for high temporal resolution observations of chemical reactions in liquids, relevant to understanding life's origins.
A blood-based four-protein panel and personalized risk model can predict an individual's risk of dying from lung cancer, improving sensitivity and specificity compared to current guidelines. The test has the potential to save lives by determining the need for lung cancer screening on a personalized basis.
MagEIA, a new Centre for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, will research magical text traditions of the ancient Near East, Egypt, and neighbouring regions. The project aims to develop new methods of textual analysis and models of cross-cultural comparison.
A study by CCNY professor Jacek Dmochowski provides a statistical theory of optimal decision-making in sports betting. He found that the objective is to estimate the median outcome, not the average, and offers advice on how to seek out profitable bets.
Researchers discovered a genetic variant associated with faster disease progression in multiple sclerosis, linked to years of disability. The study provides new leads on addressing the nervous system component of MS and developing effective treatments.
Researchers have uncovered a key mechanism for promoting weight loss and maintaining energy burn during dieting, thanks to the hormone GDF15. This discovery opens new possibilities for helping people maintain weight loss after dieting.
Researchers analyzed scientific literature from 1990 to 2021 and found that environmental pollution through chemicals is less studied than other causes of global biodiversity loss. The team calls for a stronger interdisciplinary focus to better understand and mitigate chemical impacts on biodiversity.
A large clinical trial found that monthly vitamin D supplements reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attacks by 9% in older adults. The study involved over 21,000 Australians aged 60-84 and showed a significant reduction in heart attack rates, but no difference in stroke rates.
A survey of Greenland's Indigenous population reveals they are highly aware of climate change, with 89% believing it's happening. However, only about 50% connect human influence to the changes, with education and cultural factors playing a significant role.
Researchers have developed an experimental antibody treatment that largely prevented graft versus host disease in the intestines, without causing broad immune suppression. The treatment blocked donor T-cell attack and increased survival rates in preclinical models.
A new study creates graphene capsules using seaweed and salt, enabling high precision, real-time biomechanical and vital signs measurements. This sustainable technology has the potential to outperform traditional non-sustainable sensors.
A research team from HKUMed has developed a new platform to rapidly engineer and select the best precise genome editors for therapeutic applications. The platform allows for parallel testing of hundreds of base editor variants, enabling the selection of the most suitable ones with maximal efficiency and minimal undesired edits.
Scientists have found that a notable amount of subducted carbon is returned to the atmosphere through volcanic degassing in the Aleutian-Alaska Arc. This recycling process improves our understanding of Earth's climate and can help inform global climate models.
Researchers aim to prevent transplant rejection by targeting trained immunity, a newly explored part of the immune system. The five-year program will investigate how trained immunity drives rejection and develop tools for diagnosing and regulating it.
Researchers investigated premature senescence in biliary atresia and assessed senotherapies. They found that human allogenic liver-derived progenitor cells reduced early markers of senescence and improved liver disease in a preclinical model, providing encouraging results for pediatric biliary cirrhosis treatment.
Researchers found a new type of grain-interior planar defect induced by ordered distribution of heteroatoms on W and C crystal planes, which display distinct characteristics. The defects' high stability may reduce transgranular fracture risk, allowing for optimal mechanical performance.
Researchers developed a new method to deliver drugs into the inner ear, using the cerebrospinal fluid flow. This innovation restored hearing in deaf mice and may pave the way for gene therapy to treat human hearing loss.
Researchers with the NANOGrav collaboration have detected the gravitational wave background for the first time, revealing a perpetual chorus of ripples in space-time. The discovery is made possible by observing stars called pulsars that act as celestial metronomes.
The NANOGrav team has detected a collective hum of gravitational waves from merging supermassive black holes, providing evidence for a background undulation in spacetime. The signal is thought to be generated by huge black holes at galaxy centers, producing low-frequency gravitational waves that oscillate slowly over years and decades.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed an electrochemical device that can recover phosphorus fertilizer from municipal waste with high efficiency. The device achieved over 93% efficiency in recovering phosphorus and precipitating approximately 99% of it into solid form.
Researchers have found key evidence for the existence of nanohertz gravitational waves through pulsar timing observations. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has detected quadrupole correlation signatures compatible with nanohertz wave predictions at a 4.6-sigma statistical confidence level.
A multiyear NSF project led by OSU scientists has found evidence of low-frequency gravitational waves permeating the universe. The 'chorus' of gravitational waves was discovered using radio pulsar timing and reveals that they are a ubiquitous physical phenomenon.
Academic scientists will receive funding to establish a pleiotropic brain-penetrant small-molecule to impede glioblastoma and develop an epigenetic therapy for Prader-Willi syndrome. The TRxA program aims to bridge the drug development 'valley of death' and advance novel therapeutics from lab to clinical trials.
The NANOGrav team has detected evidence of gravitational waves at very low frequencies, which they believe may be caused by the merger of supermassive black holes. The signal is thought to be a result of the gravitational wave background produced by these binary systems.
Researchers in New York City adopted a community-led response to the mpox outbreak, utilizing principles learned from colleagues in the Global South. The study's findings highlight the importance of involving local communities in the development and implementation of public health strategies.
Researchers discovered how two new compounds attack TB-causing bacteria, providing insights into future therapies. The study found that one compound binds better to ATP synthase than existing treatment, while another targets a previously unknown site.
A Rutgers-led study analyzing ocean sediment shows that oxygen levels in the eastern equatorial Pacific were higher during the Miocene warm period, some 16 million years ago, despite higher global temperatures. This suggests that current oxygen loss from climate change may ultimately reverse.
Scientists create optically controllable liposomes called LiDLs, which can selectively release contents inside cells upon exposure to acidic pH induced by green light. The researchers demonstrated that LiDLs efficiently deliver substances without causing side effects, showcasing exceptional extracellular stability.
A new electrochemical device developed by Rice University engineers can capture carbon dioxide directly from sources like flue gas to the atmosphere using electricity. The system has efficiency above 98% and requires minimal electricity input, making it a promising front for climate change mitigation.
Researchers at UC San Diego found a novel combination of KRAS and ERBB drug inhibitors outperformed treatments in human and mouse models of pancreatic cancer. The combination reduced drug resistance and increased survival rates.
A team of researchers using radio telescope observations found evidence of gravitational waves passing through the Milky Way, causing spacetime distortions that appear as variations in pulsar ticking rates. The discovery provides insights into how galaxies evolve and supermassive black holes grow and merge.
Researchers from McGill University found that stronger winds shift the Labrador Current eastward, leading to sudden warmings or drops in oxygen levels. This has dire consequences for marine ecosystems and fisheries, including smaller species like cod and halibut, which struggle to survive in low-oxygen conditions.
Researchers found that aerobic exercise combined with weightlifting, afternoon exercise, and post-meal exercise can provide better glucose control; no weight loss required to see benefits. More movement is generally better for insulin sensitivity.
A global team led by University of Minnesota professor Donna Whitney accurately determined the age and formation process of the East Anatolian fault, which runs from eastern to south-central Turkey. The study sheds light on the earthquake history and seismic activity in the region.
A team of researchers developed a novel computational approach to identify allosteric sites in integrins, revealing previously inaccessible druggable pockets. This breakthrough has the potential to overcome limitations in integrin-targeting medication and open new avenues for drug discovery.
A study by the University of Helsinki found that oxidized organic molecules from Amazon rainforests contribute to the formation of aerosol particles in the tropical free troposphere. These molecules, primarily composed of isoprene, can nucleate or condense on nanoparticles, impacting cloud formation and global climate.
The AACR journal article explores steps to improve diversity in clinical trials, following a new law requiring trial sponsors to submit Diversity Action Plans to the FDA. Experts discuss key areas for consideration, including dedicating funding and staff, embedding DEI strategy, and engaging with community organizations.
Researchers from Kyoto University developed a microchip using human iPS cells to measure transport capacity of membrane proteins, potentially giving test animals respite. The model simulates glucose reabsorption and drug excretion in renal proximal tubules, enabling patient-specific disease modeling and personalized medicine studies.
Cancer survivors rely on primary care clinicians for follow-up treatments, especially in rural areas. Researchers found that clinicians lack access to information and online trainings, making treatment and outreach more difficult. The study suggests equipping primary care physicians with tools and using technology to expand reach.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory discovered a new fluoride electrolyte that can protect lithium metal batteries against performance decline. The electrolyte maintains a robust protective layer on the anode surface for hundreds of cycles, enabling the battery to last longer.
Researchers have found evidence for gravitational waves oscillating with periods of years to decades, consistent with slowly undulating waves passing through the Galaxy. The signal was observed using a collection of cosmic clocks called pulsars, which are ultra-dense remnants of massive stars' cores.
A study published in Neurology found that a new set of criteria can accurately identify professional fighters who may develop chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) years later. The criteria define a condition called traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, which is associated with cognitive decline and brain shrinkage.