The American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2023 offers media credentials to cover groundbreaking research, connect with surgeon experts, and learn about the latest trends in surgery. Key topics include artificial intelligence, COVID-19's impact on cancer care, and pediatric trauma.
Researchers found that polygenic risk scores identify only 11% of individuals who develop disease and generate 5% false positives. The scores contribute little health benefit while adding cost and complexity to healthcare systems.
Researchers found that native wren mothers' calls help their newborns develop distinctive vocalizations for food and bonding. The study, published in pre-print by The American Naturalist, reveals the unique 'B element' call produced by females that is also the nestling's begging call.
A new method using deep learning can provide as much information from brain images taken with CT as images captured with MRI, enhancing diagnostic support for conditions like dementia and other brain disorders. The software has been trained on 1,117 people and shows promise in diagnosing normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Researchers develop a new approach to strengthen the immune system to fight viruses, using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) as a treatment. The study shows that M-CSF boosts production of white blood cells, protecting immunocompromised patients from CMV infection.
Scientists identified two genes, ADRA2A and IRX1, that predispose individuals to Raynaud's phenomenon. The genes affect the body's ability to regulate blood vessel constriction, leading to white fingers and toes in response to cold or stress. The study provides new insights into the disease and potential treatment options, including th...
A global study sheds light on extreme heat and drought events in 2022, attributing them to circulation patterns, oceanic forcing, and anthropogenic climate change. The research aims to enhance prediction and mitigation capabilities for future extreme weather occurrences.
A recent University of Florida study found that nine out of ten dogs chose food over toys in a simulated training experience. Dogs responded more strongly to the food reward and gave up earlier when offered a preferred toy reward.
Researchers at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center have received a $423,500 grant to study molecular pathways in Aspergillus fumigatus that mediate inflammatory host responses. The team aims to develop novel therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes for patients suffering from Aspergillus infections.
A smart brain-wave cap can diagnose stroke in ambulances, allowing for prompt treatment and potential lifesaving. The cap uses EEG tests to recognize large ischemic strokes, directing patients to specialized hospitals for mechanical removal of blood clots.
A recent study reveals that start-up founders' core Big Five personality traits significantly differ from the general population and are more important for success than previously thought. Successful entrepreneurs tend to have preferences for variety, novelty, and being the centre of attention, while also exhibiting high activity levels.
Research shows that fossil fuel workers have the right skills for green jobs but face a geographical mismatch. The study highlights the need for policymakers to consider targeting areas of fossil fuel extraction for investment in other industries, making it easier for workers to transition.
Researchers have identified polyalthic acid, a compound in copaiba oil, with potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The study's findings pave the way for developing alternative medications to combat antimicrobial resistance.
A recent study from the University of Georgia found that depression rates were significantly higher among students who were not the same race as their peers at predominantly white colleges. First-generation students also experienced higher levels of depression compared to non-first generation students. Investing in diversity, equity, a...
A new study led by Richard Johnson, MD, suggests that fructose is the key driver of obesity, bringing together long-incompatible theories on dietary causes. Fructose lowers active energy in the body, triggering hunger and food intake, and fatty foods become the major source of calories driving weight gain.
Researchers found that testosterone plays a crucial role in shaping the brain's response to social stress, with mice lacking testosterone exhibiting exaggerated fear responses. The study's findings have implications for understanding human behavior and may help explain why women are more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders.
The Kenyan government and food industry could save billions USD by implementing trans fat limits, which would also reduce heart disease cases and prevent deaths. Experts urge food manufacturers to prioritize consumer health by removing trans fats from products now.
Researchers found that hierarchical cortical organization is impaired in people with schizophrenia, leading to disruptions in processing stimuli from the external world. This disruption affects secondary processing of sensorimotor-visual gradients, explaining behavioral and clinical symptoms of the disease.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute presents several studies on novel treatments, combination therapies, and personalized medicine for lung, kidney, and neuroendocrine tumors. The studies include pivotal trials on adagrasib with pembrolizumab for non-small cell lung cancer and belzutifan versus everolimus for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Researchers used behavioral and live brain imaging studies to understand why food-sated fruit flies avoid cooler temperatures. They found that insulin signaling modulators play a key role in regulating thermosensation under different feeding states.
A new study demonstrates how unused telecommunications fiber optic cables can be transformed for offshore Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems. Researchers used a 50-kilometer cable to sample seismic data at 8,960 channels and achieved an approximate three-second improvement in EEW alert times compared to onshore DAS arrays.
Researchers discover that coral larvae from less heat-tolerant populations can survive better and show fewer signs of stress than those from more heat-tolerant parents. This challenges the conventional wisdom on coral breeding as a solution to climate change-induced bleaching.
Scientists sequenced nearly 600 Klebsiella samples and found two-thirds are K. pneumoniae, with carbapenem-resistant strains confined to clinical settings. Genomic surveillance informs control measures against treatment-resistant infections.
Researchers have developed a lab-grown human skin model that effectively replicates mpox virus infections, providing insights into the virus's mechanisms of attack on skin cells. The study reveals how the virus causes disease and identifies potential therapeutic targets, including an antiviral drug called tecovirimat.
A large study found that having older siblings and childhood tonsil removal are associated with a heightened risk of ankylosing spondylitis. Serious childhood infections also played a role in the development of the condition, while multiple birth and season of birth had varying effects.
Research suggests that eating habits in winter may be better for metabolic health than in summer, especially in mice exposed to 'winter light'. The study found that these mice had less body weight gain and more rhythmic eating patterns, leading to benefits in metabolic health. Further studies in humans are needed to confirm this finding.
A study by Rutgers University finds that gun violence is tied to poverty, unemployment, and racial segregation, leading to poorer health and well-being in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The research highlights the need for long-term investments to reduce firearm-related violence and improve health outcomes.
Researchers found that neutral genetic diversity correlates with functional genetic diversity in Eastern massasauga rattlesnakes, suggesting a more efficient approach for species conservation. This discovery has implications for endangered species conservation, as it may not be necessary to sequence entire genomes for all cases.
A Rutgers study examines how oncology doctors facilitate psychological well-being, finding that providers who show more empathy promote better psychological health among breast cancer patients. The research also highlights the importance of addressing uncertainty throughout the cancer trajectory to facilitate psychological adjustment.
Researchers at Hokkaido University found a bacterium that can break down the eco-friendly polymer polybutylene succinate in marine environments. The discovery of the enzyme PBSase has the potential to improve recycling technologies and develop new marine biodegradable polymers.
A new study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that virtual driving assessments can predict crash risk in newly licensed young drivers. Drivers with major issues on the VDA had an 11% higher crash risk, while those with no issues had a 10% lower risk.
Scientists have mapped global patterns of beta-diversity in flowering plants, finding that tropical dry climates exhibit higher levels of beta diversity than wet tropical climates. The study also shows consistent geographic patterns across different metrics of beta diversity.
A recent study found that areas with local retail availability of legalized marijuana have higher rates of marijuana and alcohol co-use among high school students. The study suggests that 'greater retail availability may normalize' marijuana use for young people, even if they can't purchase it directly from retail businesses.
A new study reveals that innate CD8+ lymphocytes play a crucial role in limiting tuberculosis infection, and an inflammatory molecule called Interleukin-15 could be used to boost vaccine efficacy. Researchers found that these cells create a 'bottleneck' preventing bacteria from establishing active infection.
A new study assesses the safety and efficacy of radial access for peripheral artery interventions, finding it associated with favorable safety profiles and comparable procedural success rates. Radial access was also found to reduce bleeding complications and improve patient comfort, making it a potential alternative to traditional femo...
Researchers discovered BMAL1 is significantly upregulated in senescent cells and modulates the senescence program through AP-1. The study highlights a previously unappreciated role of BMAL1 in regulating cellular senescence and circadian clock components.
Researchers have discovered a novel enzyme family related to bacterial pathogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria. The study revealed that enzymes involved in OPG synthesis and regulation play crucial roles in bacterial infection capability.
A primary mRNA vaccine series offers significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Singaporean children aged 1-4. The study found a low incidence of hospitalization and severe illness, but highlights the potential benefits of vaccination in preventing infection and sequelae.
A new study finds that short and long-term blood pressure fluctuations increase the risk of dementia and vascular problems in older people. Higher systolic BP variations are also linked with stiffening of the arteries, a key factor in heart disease.
The new Canadian guideline aims to reduce harms associated with high-risk drinking and support people's treatment and recovery from AUD. It provides 15 evidence-based recommendations for primary health care providers to implement effective screening and treatment interventions.
A study in Japan found that older adult drivers have a lower risk of causing motor vehicle crashes compared to young drivers, but with increasing crash risk after middle age. The risk of death or injury to those who are hit also does not differ by age group.
A new mouse model study suggests that Paxlovid treatment can prevent COVID-19-like disease symptoms in mothers and developmental deficits in offspring. The treatment reduced viral loads and disease signs in mothers, and prevented growth and developmental deficits in their offspring.
Researchers at MSU are developing new, sustainable materials that can repair themselves and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. By combining 3D printing with microorganisms, they aim to create carbon-negative building materials.
A new study reconstructs the well-preserved skull of Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a key fossil in understanding great ape and human evolution. The researchers found that the species shares similarities with both fossilized and living great apes, but also has distinct facial features not found in other Middle Miocene apes.
A recent study reveals 15%-18% of the Brazilian Amazon is at high risk of ecological disruption by 2050. The regions, often near 'deforestation arc', exhibit low research frequencies and are threatened by climate change.
Researchers at UC Irvine have found that wind-driven surface melt of the Greenland ice sheet has increased by over 10% in recent decades, while Antarctic surface melt has decreased by 15%. The study suggests that these changes are due to the influence of global warming on wind patterns and ozone layer recovery.
Researchers discovered that bright light treatment activates neurons in the lateral habenula, reducing aversive emotional states and preventing cocaine-driven reinstatement. The study suggests a promising avenue for light-based therapy in treating drug addiction.
A six-year study analyzing data from over 15,000 lower-income children ages 2 to 6 reveals higher-than-expected levels of significant behavioral dysfunction. The research highlights the importance of early interventions to prevent behavior problems from escalating.
Algae have adapted to cope with nutrient starvation by evolving a new cellular machinery that allows them to use sunlight for growth without iron. This discovery holds promises for biotechnology developments that could enhance crop productivity and support marine ecosystems.
Researchers from Osaka University have developed a bioprinting technique that enables the creation of complex soft tissue structures with high fidelity. The method uses a printing support to facilitate gelation of a bioink, resulting in cell viability and viability for up to two weeks.
Researchers from Zhejiang University developed a new method to simulate radionuclide transport in fractured granite, using hyper-gravity experiments and 3D-printed fracture networks. This breakthrough could improve deep geological disposal methods and mitigate the risk of nuclear waste leakage.
Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria can form special cells that survive for long periods in a dormant state, making antibiotic treatment challenging. The discovery could lead to new treatment concepts by targeting proteins involved in the transition to this slumber state.
Researchers have discovered new insights into microglia-astrocyte communication and its impact on intracerebral hemorrhage, as well as the testicular toxicity of triptolide. Additionally, a study on epicardial cells has identified key gene markers associated with cardiac regenerative therapy strategies.
A new study finds that four out of five Miami-Dade County residents may face disruption or displacement due to sea-level rise, with lower-income people bearing the brunt. As habitable areas shrink and housing prices rise, only a small number of affluent residents can relocate, while many others are trapped in low-lying properties.
Scientists have developed a system that can measure strain and stress in 3D-printed parts, allowing for the creation of high-performance components with tailored residual stresses. This technology has the potential to increase strength, reduce weight, and enable complex shapes in manufacturing.
A recent study published in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine found that playing golf, Nordic walking, or regular walking for just one session can improve immediate cognitive function in older adults. The research also showed that Nordic walking and regular walking were associated with enhanced executive functions.
A global redistribution of nitrogen fertilizer use could reduce grain production in North America, Europe, and East Asia while increasing it in Sub-Saharan Africa. This would decrease nitrogen pollution by 71 percent and positively affect nitrous oxide emissions.
A team of engineers at the University of Pittsburgh has created a new robot that can navigate complex environments using bio-inspired neural networks. The robots will be able to avoid obstacles and learn from their experiences, enabling autonomous navigation for various applications such as commercial transport and disaster response.
Researchers developed a novel method to find high-affinity aptamers, short DNA or RNA molecules that can bond to specific target molecules. The 'hydrogel for aptamer selection' (HAS) method uses a porous polymer network to retain well-fitting aptamers, reducing the time and effort required to identify suitable candidates.
The Swanson School of Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh is launching a personalized learning model to cater to students' unique career aspirations. The program offers one-credit modules and professional development streams in industry, entrepreneurship, and academia to help students forge their own path.