New research led by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that age-related changes in fibroblast cells enable pancreatic cancer tumor growth. The study found that older patients have poorer prognoses due to altered proteins released by fibroblasts, which promote cancer cell growth and spread.
A new study reveals that utilization of PCSK9 inhibitors is low among high-risk patients, despite extensive evidence documenting their role in LDL-C reduction and the prevention of heart attacks. The study found that insurance coverage rejection or abandonment leads to significantly more cardiovascular events within 12 months.
A team of researchers from the National University of Singapore has found a potential way to treat conditions like depression and anxiety with fewer side effects. They modified the relaxin-3 molecule to selectively activate specific signalling pathways in the brain, reducing unwanted side effects.
Jinyoung Park and SueYeon Chung from New York University have been awarded Sloan Research Fellowships for their groundbreaking research in math and neuroscience. The fellowships recognize their exceptional creativity, innovation, and accomplishments, paving the way for them to lead research agendas in their respective fields.
Researchers have synthesized two new isotopes, osmium-160 and tungsten-156, which may indicate that lead-164 could be a doubly magic nucleus with increased stability. The study explores the relationship between proton number and decay rate, suggesting an enhancement of shell closure towards the proton drip line.
A UNLV-led research team has made groundbreaking discoveries about how cells detect and destroy disease-causing proteins using complex nanomachines called cullin-RING ligases. The findings may accelerate drug discovery studies and provide insights into human disease.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University have developed an AI approach to intrinsic decomposition, separating images into lighting effects and true colours of objects. This innovation enables a range of applications, including image compositing and augmented reality, making it accessible to content creators and post-production artists.
Researchers at PPPL create simulation codes that can accurately predict plasma behavior, reducing the manufacturing and design cycle of silicon chips. This innovation could help the US regain a leadership role in chip industry production.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science used deep learning to predict single-molecule magnets from a pool of 20,000 metal complexes, identifying 70% accuracy in distinguishing between SMMs and non-SMMs.
A large study found that wildfires lead to an increase in anxiety-related emergency department visits in the western United States, exacerbating a growing public health crisis. The research suggests preventative measures like closing windows and limiting outdoor activities can help mitigate the effects.
Researchers developed submonolayer biolasers on optical fibers with ultrahigh Q-factors, achieving a six-order-of-magnitude improvement in lower limit of detection compared to monolayer biolasers. The sensors showed potential for high-throughput clinical diagnosis and cost-effective early disease detection.
Scientists discover magnetic effects trigger preferential binding of molecules to surface, filtering out 'wrong' spins. This finding could have implications for understanding the origins of life's homochirality.
Researchers have identified the specific gene responsible for cold-induced sweetening and uncovered the regulatory element that switches it on under cold temperatures. This discovery holds promise for developing potatoes that are naturally resistant to cold-induced sweetening and producing toxic compounds.
A fasting-mimicking diet has been shown to reduce signs of immune system aging, insulin resistance, and liver fat in humans, resulting in a lower biological age. The study found that patients who followed the diet had lower disease risk factors and improved immune function.
Scientists have discovered that inhibiting the Mdm2 protein can prevent the destruction of synapses and dendritic spines in Alzheimer's disease. This breakthrough could lead to a new approach for treating the disease, which may be more effective than current anti-amyloid therapies.
Research finds minority ethnic NHS staff more likely to experience workplace harassment, discrimination, and unavailability of PPE than their White colleagues during the pandemic. The study highlights urgent need for diversity and inclusion training and workforce equality standards.
A study published in PNAS Nexus found that AI-generated propaganda was almost as effective as real propaganda in persuading US adults. The research used a large language model to generate new articles based on existing propaganda, with 43.5% of respondents agreeing with the claims after reading the AI-written articles.
Researchers used movement behavior models to track leatherback sea turtles to previously unknown foraging locations along the US east coast. The study found that leatherbacks use specific areas in the South Atlantic Bight, Mid-Atlantic Bight, and southern New England as both migratory corridors and foraging grounds.
A team from the Alfred Wegener Institute found that warm Atlantic water is melting Greenland's 79° North Glacier, causing it to grow thinner. The study used a high-resolution ocean model to simulate the circulation below the ice tongue, revealing that higher ocean temperatures in the Atlantic are chiefly determining the melting rates.
Researchers found a decline in microbial genetic richness in the western Arctic Ocean, with subtle but statistically significant changes in community structure and function. The study suggests that warming and freshening of the ocean risks strengthening the microbial loop, potentially impacting the marine food web.
A new study found that high food responsiveness in early childhood is linked to a higher likelihood of experiencing eating disorder symptoms in adolescence. Children who exhibited high levels of hunger and desire for food were more likely to develop binge eating, emotional eating, and restrictive eating behaviors.
The team successfully created 'laboratory testicles' that closely simulate a natural testicle, allowing for the potential production of sperm cells in the lab. The artificial testicles were cultured from immature testicular cells sampled from neonatal mice and showed signs of meiosis, a process in which gametes are produced.
Scientists at the University of Ottawa have developed a new radiotracer called [18F]4-FDF that can map how cells use fructose for energy. This allows for earlier detection of diseases like cancers, heart and brain inflammation, using fructose as a metabolic fuel.
Research finds socioeconomically advantaged parents are less likely to vaccinate their teens against HPV due to safety concerns. Parents from disadvantaged groups cite lack of knowledge as a reason for hesitancy.
A global survey of 45,000 individuals from 17 European countries reveals a collective downturn in psychological well-being after the Ukraine war, with vulnerable personalities struggling to recover. The study highlights the importance of mental health support, particularly for those already prone to stress.
The Swiss Cat+ project uses a combination of artificial intelligence and automated laboratory infrastructure to find new and better metal catalysts for producing methanol from CO2. The team successfully developed around 150 catalyst compositions in under six weeks, saving time and improving conversion rates.
Researchers at Salk Institute find a new method to interrupt sperm production using an HDAC inhibitor, which blocks fertility without affecting libido. The treatment's reversibility is attributed to its ability to modulate gene expression downstream of retinoic acid.
A long-term study in Eilat found that artificial reefs reduce diving pressure on natural reefs, allowing for the preservation of both dive tourism and coral reefs. The reef has attracted many species of fish and invertebrates, making it a successful alternative to natural reefs.
UC economists found that fire protection funding has a significant impact on housing values, with cuts resulting in an average decrease of $15,000. However, prices return to normal within a few years. In contrast, parks and recreation funding is associated with higher home values three years after renewal.
A new approach to fighting HIV has been developed using RNA, specifically small interfering RNAs (siRNA), which regulate gene expression in cells. This nanomedicine was shown to reduce HIV replication by 73% and is intended for vaginal application to prevent sexual transmission.
Males with anorexia nervosa have a sixfold higher mortality rate than the general population. Early identification and prompt treatment are essential for effective management of the condition.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a coating that bolsters the safety of fresh produce and provides enhanced protection against bacteria and fungi. The coating combines wax with nano-encapsulated cinnamon-bark essential oil in protein carriers to enhance antibacterial properties.
Researchers identified six ancient individuals with an extra copy of Chromosome 21 and another with three copies of Chromosome 18, indicating care and appreciation from their communities. These findings suggest that children with Down Syndrome and Edwards Syndrome were not stigmatized but rather recognized as part of their societies.
Physicists at Princeton University have observed long-range quantum coherence effects due to Aharonov-Bohm interference in a bismuth bromide topological insulator-based device. This finding could lead to the development of spin-based electronics with higher energy efficiency and new platforms for quantum information science.
Researchers have identified over 275 million previously unreported genetic variants from nearly 250,000 participants in the All of Us Research Program. These discoveries provide new pathways to understand the genetic influences on health and disease, particularly in communities historically left out of research.
A new study from Southern Methodist University reveals that passive video use among toddlers can hinder language development, but caregivers' reasons for exposing them to digital media can lessen the negative impact. When videos are used for educational or social purposes, such as video chats with family members, the risk of stunted la...
Physicists at Paderborn University have developed a new solar cell design using tetracene, which significantly increases efficiency. The introduction of defects in the organic layer accelerates exciton transfer to silicon, reducing energy losses and increasing overall yield of usable energy.
A new study published in Radiology found that annual breast cancer screening beginning at age 40 and continuing until 79 results in the highest mortality reduction. The study analyzed Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) estimates and showed that annual screening reduces breast cancer deaths by 41.7%.
A new computer model of a human lung is being used to simulate the interaction of radiation with lung tissue at a cellular level. This could lead to more targeted treatments for cancer and reduce damage caused by radiotherapy.
A new study from the University of Kansas reveals that students and classroom designers perceive learning spaces differently, with students associating femininity with a higher sense of belonging. Design professionals, however, see femininity as linked to a lower sense of belonging.
Aaron Bernstein, a Rutgers professor of computer science, has been selected as a 2024 Sloan Research Fellow for his groundbreaking research on graph algorithms. He plans to use the fellowship to fund a postdoctoral associate on a new project and advance his work on optimizing computational procedures.
A new technique employing a retrotransposon from birds may provide a safer alternative to CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing by inserting genes into a designated 'safe harbor' in the genome. This approach could complement CRISPR technology and enable efficient gene supplementation for hereditary diseases.
A team of scientists has created a new optical neural network architecture that uses orbital angular momentum to learn data features of images, achieving high-precision intelligent encoding and decoding. This method has been tested with success in various tasks, including image classification and secure free-space transmission.
A new article suggests incorporating open-response questions with partial credit grading into medical school curriculum to improve critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This approach is inspired by engineering education, which emphasizes repeated exposure to problems with increasingly complex solutions.
A recent study found that threatening anti-piracy messages increase piracy among men by 18%, while women respond positively and reduce their intentions by over 50%. The research suggests that tailored approaches are needed to combat digital piracy effectively.
Researchers analyzed data from the Thain Family Forest in NYC, documenting changes in forest structure, diversity, and composition over a century. Despite significant changes, native species remained dominant, and the forest's canopy remained stable.
Research published in General Psychiatry finds a J-shaped association between dietary thiamine intake (0.68mg/day) and cognitive decline in cognitively healthy older Chinese individuals, with optimal maintenance dose below 1mg/day.
A study analyzing police homicide rates across 711 local departments finds that at least 1 in 3 police homicides are unnecessary and can be reduced without compromising officer safety.
A new study found that adolescents and young adults with cognitive disabilities had a higher prevalence of nicotine vaping compared to those without disabilities. Major depressive episodes were also associated with an increased risk of vaping in this population.
Researchers found that American visitors to Florida were 63% more likely to die from a drug overdose compared to visitors to all other states. The high proportion of overdose deaths among visitors to Florida may be attributed to the state's 'Florida Shuffle' treatment loop and lack of regulation in pain management clinics.
A study has identified 1,289 genetic markers associated with Type 2 diabetes, including 145 newly discovered markers. The research provides risk scores for diabetes complications and suggests potential genetic targets for new treatments.
A new large-scale study finds that functional traits, not nativeness, play a key role in shaping the effects of large mammalian herbivores on plant communities. Introducing feral cattle or water buffaloes into local areas could be a good idea for complementing native deer and promoting plant diversity.
A study by Florida Atlantic University finds that reminiscing with children elicits high-quality speech from parents, similar to book sharing. The activity was found to increase lexical richness and grammatical complexity in parent speech, benefiting children's language growth.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine unveiled a new AI model that accurately identified sex differences in brain activity with over 90% accuracy. The study suggests that understanding these differences is crucial for addressing neuropsychiatric conditions that affect women and men differently.
A team of researchers at the Broad Institute has developed 10 polygenic risk scores for use in clinical research, optimizing them for diverse populations. The tests calculate a person's lifetime odds of developing diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, and can help guide clinical decision-making.
Researchers found that an experimental drug called Yoda1 may help repair the brain's lymphatic system and glymphatic function in mice with craniosynostosis and aged mice. The study shows promise for treating Alzheimer's disease by improving brain waste-clearance systems.
Researchers found that preterm infants fed donor milk had a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and neurological development issues. The study's findings validate the use of donor milk in NICUs, providing evidence to support its benefits for extremely premature infants.
The Einstein Foundation Award supports innovation and high-quality research globally, with categories for individual researchers, institutions, and early career ideas. The €500,000 prize money is awarded by the Einstein Foundation Berlin and the QUEST Center at Charité.
A new species of giant anaconda, Eunectes akayima, has been discovered in the Amazon by a team of scientists led by Professor Bryan Fry. The anaconda measures up to 6.3 meters long and weighs around 500 kilograms, making it one of the largest known species of anacondas.
Researchers found that manual therapy provided a moderate and statistically significant reduction in disability among adults with sacroiliac joint pain syndrome. However, the efficacy of manual therapy for pain related to this syndrome is unclear at this time.