A team of researchers from the National Institute for Physiological Sciences in Japan found that partial occlusion of digital numerals can induce bistable interpretations of their semantic meanings. Long-time visual exposure to normal numerals biases perception, favoring a specific number interpretation.
Researchers have identified shared critical pathways in retinitis pigmentosa disease models using advanced proteomics techniques. This study suggests that disease-modifying treatments could benefit patients with all forms of the disease, regardless of the underlying mutation.
Astronomers have discovered a sulfurous atmosphere on the smallest and coldest exoplanet known, providing clues to its formation process. The planet's unique orbit and composition offer insights into how planets are created.
The triple-layer solid polymer electrolyte battery developed by DGIST improves fire safety and lifespan, addressing structural limitations and dendrite issues common in conventional batteries. The battery retains about 87.9% of its performance after 1,000 charging cycles, demonstrating a notable improvement in durability.
Researchers find fossil evidence of two distinct human species, Homo erectus and Paranthropus boisei, living contemporaneously near Lake Turkana in Kenya. The discovery sheds light on human evolution, cooperation, and competition among early hominins.
A new article in Journal of Palliative Medicine highlights the growing role of for-profit entities in home health and hospice care, which can compromise care quality and patient welfare. The authors emphasize the need for research and regulatory responses to address these trends and ensure better care for seriously ill older adults.
Astronomers have discovered an exoplanet orbiting Barnard's star, located six light-years away, which has at least half the mass of Venus and orbits its star in just over three Earth days. The discovery was made using ESO's VLT and confirms the existence of a new exoplanet candidate, while also hinting at the presence of three more.
A research team led by Maria Glymour will investigate four modifiable risk factors for ADRD: lifetime alcohol use, depression, vision and hearing impairments, and social isolation. The project aims to provide comprehensive evidence on how these risk factors contribute to ADRD risk.
Researchers used the TESS-Keck Survey to detect and characterize 126 exoplanets, including 15 new ones. The study utilized both the transit method and radial velocity technique to determine the planets' masses. This collaboration provides new insights into the makeup of exoplanet systems and their host stars.
A new species of fossil paederine rove beetle, Mesostaphylinus orapa, has been discovered in the Orapa Diamond Mine in Botswana, dating back to around 90 million years ago. The finding enhances our understanding of beetle evolution and distribution.
A new study published in Frontiers in Public Health assesses the risks of global population growth on ecosystems and human societies. The experts argue that empowering women to make choices about their fertility is crucial but not enough, highlighting the need for policies addressing child health, food security, and climate change.
Researchers found unique bacteria taxa in normal-weight children vs overweight/obese children, suggesting BPA promotes different microbial communities. Gut microbiota responds differently to BPA exposure depending on BMI.
Scientists directly visualize the neutral products of hydronium-hydroxide neutralization, observing two electron-transfer mechanisms and a proton-transfer channel. The study provides insights into quantum dynamics of this fundamental reaction.
Researchers discovered an antibody that can block deadly toxins in snakes found throughout Africa, Asia, and Australia. The antibody protects against multiple snake species and has the potential to be used as a universal antivenom.
A recent study demonstrates how DNNs can predict fragrance profiles from essential oil chemical compositions, validating sensory evaluations. The model achieved high accuracy in predicting floral scents and showed promise for generating new and unique combinations.
Renowned neuroscientist Dr. Michael Meaney discusses his pioneering work on the intricate relationship between genes and environment in shaping brain health, with implications for public health policy and early intervention programs.
A new study finds that industrial robots can significantly lower CO2 emissions in manufacturing exports. However, a U-shaped relationship is uncovered, where emissions initially drop before plateauing, highlighting the need for careful integration of robotics into manufacturing systems.
Neuroscientist Professor Raz Yirmiya reveals a vital link between inflammation and depression through groundbreaking research. His work suggests that both activation and suppression of the immune system can trigger depressive symptoms, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches.
Researchers characterize the mysterious C-terminal domain of dystrophin and its role in stabilizing cellular membranes across various tissues. The study reveals that dystrophin's CT domain interacts differently with two major dystrobrevin isoforms, driving differences in binding affinity and interaction modes.
Dr. Cathy Barr's groundbreaking research sheds light on the genetic foundations of conditions including depression, ADHD, reading disabilities, and Tourette syndrome. Her work has the potential to lead to more targeted treatments and reduce stigma around psychiatric disorders.
Emory University MD candidate Fayzan Rab's research investigates the economic and public health implications of psychedelic therapy implementation. His work emphasizes making these innovative treatments accessible to traditionally underserved communities.
A new technique detects brain metastasis in mice by inserting a thin probe into the brain, providing information on chemical composition. The technique uses vibrational spectroscopy and has the potential to analyze molecular changes caused by tumors or injuries without altering the brain beforehand.
Menopausal women in rural areas reported more mood swings, muscle and joint pain, vaginal dryness, and urinary problems than their urban counterparts. Many respondents did not receive hormone replacement therapy due to fear of risks or lack of education about the treatment option.
A new experimental technique has developed a molecular flashlight to monitor molecular changes in the brain caused by cancer and other neurological pathologies. The technique uses vibrational spectroscopy to illuminate nerve tissue, allowing for the analysis of molecular changes caused by tumours or injuries.
Researchers develop personalized bioceramic grafts through additive manufacturing, offering precise and effective solutions for craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction. The study highlights the potential of synthetic grafts to degrade in parallel with new bone tissue formation.
This pioneering research develops a sophisticated deep learning model that classifies skin lesions into distinct categories using transfer learning and test time augmentation. The model achieved an impressive 94.49% accuracy rate, promising to improve the precision of skin cancer diagnosis and potentially save countless lives.
Researchers discovered supra-thermal DT ions beyond Maxwellian distributions in burning plasmas of inertial confinement fusion. The findings, achieved through innovative modeling and simulations, challenge existing models and offer new insights into the physics of these extreme conditions.
The BfR2GO issue highlights Campylobacter as a common pathogen behind foodborne infections in Germany, emphasizing proper food handling. The magazine provides an overview of kitchen hygiene and includes a pull-out poster with essential tips.
A new study analyzing movie subtitles found a significant increase in murderous verbs in dialogue over the past 50 years. Non-crime movies showed a notable rise in violent language, while crime movies had even steeper increases.
A new study by UT Health San Antonio found that a smartphone app can help patients with opioid use disorder reduce their days of opioid use and stay in treatment longer. The app combined contingency management behavioral therapy and recovery support from peers, reducing opioid use by 35% compared to medication only.
John Howington, MD, MBA, FCCP, is the new President of CHEST, succeeding Neil S. Freedman, who will be President-Elect in 2026. Dr. Howington has extensive leadership experience and has published over 49 research publications.
Researchers developed an AI-based model to analyze carbon fiber paper microstructure, enabling near-real-time diagnosis of fuel cell performance degradation causes. The technology achieves speedup of 100x compared to existing methods, allowing for quick identification of damage areas and optimal design parameters.
A team of researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has developed a machine learning-based approach to predict material properties using limited data. By leveraging transfer learning and multi-property pre-training, they were able to improve model performance and extend its applicability to new materials.
Researchers found that older adults with weakened immunity developed fewer antibodies against RSV following vaccination compared to healthy individuals. The study suggests that adjuvant-enhanced vaccines could improve immune responses in immunocompromised people, warranting further investigation.
A special collection addresses solar energy's environmental and technical issues, combining atmospheric science and solar engineering expertise.
A study of nearly 10,000 adolescents found distinct brain structural differences between those who used substances before age 15 and those who did not. These differences appeared to exist prior to any substance use, suggesting a role for brain structure in substance use risk.
A new study by Professor Nurit Argov-Argaman at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found that small milk fat globules promote beneficial bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, while larger ones trigger biofilm formation. The research highlights milk's natural protective mechanisms and potential to support gut health.
A preclinical study led by Weill Cornell Medicine scientists found that estrogen surges promote binge drinking in females, causing them to 'pregame' and consume large quantities of alcohol. The study identifies a neural circuit in the brain where estrogen increases activity, leading to enhanced binge drinking behavior.
The research team created a high-performance self-charging energy storage device using transition metal-based composite materials. The device demonstrated improved energy density (35.5 Wh kg⁻¹) and power density (2555.6 W kg⁻¹), with minimal degradation during repeated charge and discharge cycles.
Researchers debunked the long-held belief that gut microbes significantly influence age-related bone loss. A study found that bone deterioration occurs independently of the gut microbiome, shifting attention to other biological pathways as potential drivers of osteoporosis.
A clinical trial funded by the NIH found that pain coping skills training reduced pain interference, improved mood, and enhanced quality of life in adults with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. The intervention was adapted for patients with limited pain treatment options and showed benefits comparable to opioids.
A retrospective observational study found that billing patients for portal messages slightly decreased the volume of patient-initiated messages. The results suggest that this approach could help reduce provider burnout by decreasing the burden of portal messages.
A systematic review of 384 studies found that only about one in five health care integrations leads to improved value of care delivery, primarily due to better care management processes. Hospital charges increased with integration, and quality of care showed reduced quality or no change in nearly 77% of the studies.
A researcher at the Medical University of South Carolina is developing a new approach to boost the immune system's ability to detect and kill kidney tumors. By targeting mitochondrial DNA, he aims to reactivate the immune system to recognize and target cancer cells more effectively.
Osaka University researchers have reported a method that gives high-resolution Raman microscopy images of biological samples, up to eight times brighter than previous methods. This technique uses no stains and doesn't require chemicals to fix cells in position, providing a highly representative view of processes and cell behavior.
A longitudinal cohort study found that older drivers with major depressive disorder demonstrated higher rates of hard braking, cornering, and unpredictability in their driving patterns. Tailored interventions are crucial for maintaining independence and ensuring driving safety among this population.
A USTC team decoded haze sources and formation mechanisms with sulfur isotopes. Coal combustion experiments showed that particulate matter from coal is a significant contributor to haze in North China.
A new moray eel species has been discovered in Central Indo-Pacific river mouths, characterized by its deep black coloration and ability to thrive in dim environments. The Hades' snake moray was found in southern Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Fiji, and is considered an important addition to the study of freshwater moray eels.
Researchers at POSTECH developed an innovative injectable adhesive hydrogel that regenerates bone using harmless visible light. The hydrogel addresses limitations of existing treatments by simultaneously achieving cross-linking and mineralization without separate bone grafts or adhesives.
Researchers at DGIST developed a novel algorithm that analyzes envelope features of radar signals to improve target differentiation. This breakthrough technology enables nearly double the resolution without increasing bandwidth or requiring new hardware, enhancing object recognition precision in automotive and aerospace applications.
Researchers have developed a new way to grow organoids using Invasin, a protein produced by bacteria, mimicking the original organ with its variety of cell types. This study provides an affordable, standardized and animal-free alternative to currently used methods.
A new analysis of 14 studies found that coffee and tea drinkers have a lower risk of developing head and neck cancers, including mouth and throat cancers. Decaf coffee was also associated with reduced risks of oral cavity and hypopharyngeal cancer.
Pain coping skills training significantly reduced pain interference in patients undergoing hemodialysis, with a substantial proportion experiencing clinically meaningful improvements. The intervention had modest but beneficial effects on other pain-associated outcomes.
A USTC research team developed a non-invasive RF-based system for monitoring heart rate variability with clinical-grade accuracy over extended periods. The system successfully overcomes interference from respiratory motion and performs well in automatic classification of heartbeat abnormalities.
A new study reveals that anti-defense genes near the DNA entry point enable plasmids to overcome CRISPR system, promoting genetic transfer between bacteria. This discovery could pave the way for developing tools to address antibiotic resistance and genetic manipulation methods.
A research team at USTC developed an on-chip photonic simulator that can simulate arbitrary-range coupled frequency lattices, a crucial step towards understanding low-dimensional materials. The innovative approach uses thin-film lithium niobate chips to create lattice structures in the frequency domain.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that Sherpa participants had more rapid and larger magnitude blood acid-base acclimatization than lowlanders during incremental ascent to 4,300 metres. This suggests a key role for the kidneys in acclimatization to high altitude.
Researchers at USTC successfully simulated Braiding operations of Majorana fermions to determine Jones polynomials of different links. They expanded a single-photon encoding method to dual-photon spatial methods and introduced a quantum cooling device, achieving multi-step quantum evolution operations with high fidelity.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics reveals that violence in movies is trending upwards, with a notable increase in speech about committing murder, regardless of character gender. The findings are consistent with previous studies and highlight the growing trend of violence in cinematic content.
Genetic testing for cancer risk should always include healthcare providers and genetic counseling to ensure users fully understand their results and receive proper guidance. The authors call on the FDA to provide clear rules for using these tests, particularly for minors.