Researchers have identified two new mushroom species in Japanese lawns, revealing overlooked fungal diversity in managed environments. The discoveries extend the species' known distributions eastward and suggest an association with disturbed grasslands maintained through human activity.
The review highlights the importance of protein homeostasis in donor cells, particularly in the context of senescence and extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo. Researchers propose targeted clearance of misfolded proteins, such as oxidized SOD1, as a pre-transplant strategy to improve therapies for various diseases.
A study found that disabling a gene called TaMYB44 increases total grain protein by 5-10% and glutenin by 26-33% without affecting grain size or other traits. The discovery provides a molecular explanation for the altered grain composition and offers a potential route to increasing glutenin content.
A study has identified genetic clues to flowering time, salt stress responses, and seed characteristics in soybean landraces from Zhejiang Province, China. The researchers found 81 association signals across 11 agronomic traits and highlighted candidate genes that could guide future crop improvement.
Researchers measured fish growth and weight relationships in 13 Xinjiang species, providing baseline data for conservation. The study found significant differences in growth parameters and condition factors among species, enabling estimates of fish weight from length measurements.
A study of over 3.3 million patient records found three genes (CYP2C19, SLCO1B1, and CYP2C9) covering medication exposure in at least 98% of records. This provides a basis for targeted genetic testing to support personalized medication management.
A computational model predicts that low red-to-far-red light ratios strengthen cold-responsive genes and low temperatures stabilize phytochrome proteins to promote cold tolerance. The model identifies phytochrome activity and the SlPIF4-SlGAI4 feedback circuit as potential control points for improving crop cold tolerance.
A new molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor streamlines the quality control of lutein-rich products by detecting lutein dipalmitate and calculating the concentrations of other major lutein esters. The approach simplifies sample preparation, shortens analysis, and lowers the need for multiple standards.
Researchers mapped gene regulators and identified NAC transcription factors associated with root development. The study suggests that hormone signaling and developmental regulation play a crucial role in root swelling, providing a foundation for molecular breeding to improve crop yield.
A new bioprinting method enables the creation of functional 3D human fat cell models with improved structural stability and accuracy. The method, which uses a support bath, allows for the incorporation of mature adipocytes into geometrically defined constructs, preserving their viability and metabolic activity.
A study in China's Poyang Lake basin found greater contamination and resistance-related risks in river sources than in enclosed reservoirs, with mobile genetic elements strongly associated with resistance-gene abundance. The findings suggest differentiated monitoring should prioritize river sources, the Gan River sub-basin, and Poyang ...
A nickel-based catalyst converts 99.5% of glucose into lactic acid with a 51.7% yield, showing potential for renewable biomass production. The catalyst remained active in five reuse cycles, with glucose conversion above 97%.
A new conceptual framework treats spectroscopy as a computable language of matter, encoding identity, environment, and relationships governed by quantum mechanics. This framework could connect spectroscopy, machine learning, inverse design, and automated experimentation, enabling a more unified language for materials discovery.
Researchers developed a fluorescent probe that changes color from red to green when detecting uranyl ions, a form of uranium contaminating water. The probe measured low concentrations accurately and showed promise for portable water monitoring, but further testing is needed.
A team developed a reusable magnetic sensor that detects trace amounts of uranyl ions in water, using gold nanoparticles and a polymer layer. The sensor achieved 100% classification accuracy with machine learning, pointing toward portable uranyl monitoring.
A study found that switching US feed exports to animal-derived food exports could cut agricultural pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The shift would move livestock production to the US, reducing nitrogen loss and emissions by 38% and 17%, respectively.
Advanced wastewater treatments can intensify endocrine-disrupting effects, despite removing parent pollutants. UV irradiation and ozonation increased androgen receptor-antagonistic activity beyond a risk threshold. Integrated, effect-based assessments are needed to ensure ecological safety.
Researchers developed an iron-modified titanium dioxide electrode that removed 92.1% of nitrobenzene within two hours, with 62.4% mineralization. The iron-modified electrode enhanced pollutant interactions and increased the effectiveness of a combined treatment process.
Researchers identified two tea plant genes, CsIPT3 and CsCKX5, that regulate leaf development by altering cytokinin levels. These genes were found to increase or decrease cytokinin accumulation, producing contrasting changes in leaf cell structure and size.
A research team has identified 48 genetic loci and 13 candidate genes associated with major catechins and gallic acid in tea plants. The findings show that tea catechin profiles are shaped by coordinated regulation of precursor supply, phenylpropanoid metabolism, flavonoid modification, and cellular transport. These genetic resources c...
A comprehensive roadmap brings together 175 researchers to present a broad view of how matter, materials, and engineering systems behave under extreme dynamic loading. The roadmap reviews advances and challenges in energetic materials and detonation, shock waves, and impact dynamics, with a focus on integrating experiment, theory, and ...
A study found that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Plus (ACT+) helped cancer survivors reconnect with valued living, managing difficult thoughts and emotions through mindfulness practices and activities focused on
Physicians in Türkiye are willing to order BRCA testing for eligible patients, but family participation and preventive care are lacking. A nationwide survey found that physician knowledge is the most influential factor in testing and screening recommendations.
A research team developed an AI framework that identified cannabidiol as a repurposable lead for ischemic stroke therapy. CBD showed promise in reducing ischemic brain injury and promoting vascular repair through the NRF2/BMAL1 signaling axis.
This study decouples UV and thermo-oxidative degradation pathways in PEEK composites, revealing severe surface oxidation and performance deterioration under UV aging. Carbon fiber reinforcement mitigates UV-induced degradation, while PTFE/graphite solid lubricants maintain low friction through lubricating transfer films.
Researchers compared Bi-2212 and Nb3Al under identical room-temperature electron irradiation, revealing a significant difference in their responses to damage. Bi-2212 progressively lost its crystalline order and became fully amorphous, while Nb3Al retained its crystal structure even after a substantially longer exposure. The study prov...
A study found that Radix isatidis herbal residue supplementation improved growth, mucosal immunity, gut microbiota, and lipid metabolism in broilers. The residue also increased serum immunoglobulin A, lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and enhanced meat composition.
A team of researchers created a fishbone catalyst that efficiently converted waste agricultural film into olefin-rich bio-oil through microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The catalyst achieved a bio-oil yield of 89.32 wt.%, with olefins accounting for 84.03% of the oil and C6–C12 compounds dominating the hydrocarbon fraction.
A new method has been developed to increase tar yield from low-rank coal, resulting in improved fuel quality and reduced unwanted reactions. By redirecting volatile compounds towards a cooler central zone, the researchers were able to limit secondary cracking and increase total tar yield by approximately 8.5%.
Researchers have developed an iron-copper bimetallic activated hydrochar capable of removing methylene blue dye and treating industrial wastewater from potato processing. The material achieved a maximum dye adsorption capacity of 1,635.28 mg/g under optimized conditions.
Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to eliminate the SlERF.J2 gene in tomatoes, improving drought and salt tolerance. The edited plants showed enhanced germination, root growth, and antioxidant defenses.
A study found that dyadic coping partially explains the association between fear of cancer recurrence and depression among middle-aged and older survivors. The findings highlight the value of involving partners in psychological care to improve emotional well-being during cancer recovery.
A research team has computationally designed a synthetic peptide that enables modular detection of coronavirus 3CLPro enzymatic activity. The optimized peptide produced clear loss-of-signal or gain-of-signal responses corresponding to different 3CLPro expression levels, measuring protease activity rather than viral presence.
Researchers developed Latent Seal, a watermarking framework that integrates image watermarks into latent diffusion models. The approach helps identify AI-generated content and support copyright verification without degrading image quality. Tests show the method remains accurate after common edits and distortions.
The review highlights security and ethical risks in AI-powered embodied systems, including hallucinations, synthetic forgeries, and adversarial attacks. It proposes a roadmap toward dependable embodied intelligence through safeguards like contextual checking, forgery detection, and risk-aware reasoning.
A study identifies clear body-shape differences between wild and farmed populations of the stinging catfish, revealing how natural habitats and hatchery conditions can impact diversity. The research provides a framework for selecting diverse broodstock and preserving valuable wild morphotypes to support more resilient and sustainable a...
Researchers identified TaPGS1's role in increasing grain size by enriching flavonols, altering auxin distribution, and delaying endosperm cellularization. Flavonol accumulation was associated with increased endosperm cell number and larger grains.
A study discovered a possible epigenetic mechanism that primes the 'Shuxinyou' (SXY) cultivar of Aquilaria sinensis for high-yield agarwood production. SXY accumulated more alcohol-soluble resin extract and showed stronger terpenoid biosynthesis after controlled wounding.
A research team discovered an epigenetic mechanism in Aquilaria sinensis cultivar SXY that enables efficient agarwood production. The study found that pre-existing chromatin accessibility prepares metabolic genes for rapid activation after injury, supporting molecular screening for high-yielding cultivars.
Researchers identified MaLBD50 as a key positive regulator of banana ripening that directly activates the β-amylase gene MaBMY1. Increasing MaLBD50 expression hastened ripening and reduced pulp starch, while silencing it delayed ripening and preserved starch. This discovery clarifies how bananas convert stored starch into sugars.
This paper proposes simple equations to predict the minimum oil film thickness and its position in reciprocating contacts, in good agreement with experimental data. The equations enable easy estimation of oil film thickness variation throughout the contact using operating conditions.
A study found that tree felling caused more harm to residual trees than extraction, which harmed seedlings. Most damage was mild, but routine harvesting may weaken regeneration and future forest development. The findings suggest improved practices for sustainable timber production in Nepal's managed Sal forests.
A study found that converting rice straw into biochar can reduce copper and lead in rice grains while increasing soil health. Biochar did not significantly increase arsenic, cadmium, nickel, or zinc levels in grains.
A study found that metal–oxygen bond length is positively correlated with trace-element bioaccumulation across three plant-soil datasets. The relationship could help predict plant uptake and reduce the need for costly experiments.
A study found that frequent chemical exposure and low antioxidant intake are associated with increased health symptoms among young laboratory scientists. The researchers also discovered that stronger safety knowledge is linked to better protective practices.
Research reveals microplastics can reduce cadmium's toxic effects on crops by up to 4.5-fold, and moderate oxidative damage and tissue contamination. The study's findings highlight the complexity of assessing agricultural soils contaminated by multiple pollutants.
Researchers developed oxygen-nanobubble-loaded biochar that maintains oxidizing conditions and converts mobile Cd into stable soil fractions. This approach supports beneficial microbial functions, improves plant growth, and reduces cadmium accumulation in rice tissues.
A recent study found that hospitals' wastewater controls significantly reduced antibiotic resistance in nearby waters, contrary to previous assumptions. Geography rather than hospital proximity was the primary factor shaping local resistomes. The research highlights the importance of effective treatment infrastructure and regulatory en...
A study used digital senses to identify unique flavor fingerprints of five Minnan oolong tea varieties. The research combined electronic nose and tongue technologies with high-resolution metabolomics to distinguish the cultivars, offering an objective tool for varietal authentication and quality assessment.
Researchers identified a long non-coding RNA, lnc87821, that negatively regulates CsJAZ2 to modulate salt and alkali stress responses in tea plants. This regulatory module reveals how tea plants respond to unfavorable soils, providing a new molecular entry point for understanding adaptation and breeding for stronger resistance.