The new series, developed through meaningful community partnership, provides a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on sex workers' health and offers a contemporary approach to inform future research, policy, and practice. It emphasizes the need to address structural barriers alongside individual-level interventions.
A team of researchers discovered alternative infection strategies used by some Colletotrichum species, including nonmelanised appressorium-mediated entry (NMAE) and hyphal tip-based entry. These findings challenge the conventional assumption that melanised appressoria are universally required for plant invasion.
The new book, written by University of Illinois linguistics professor Ryan Shosted and computer language designer Neal Davis, traces the full story of the Deseret alphabet. The alphabet was developed at a time when the Latter-day Saints moved from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Utah and were struggling to survive in the desert.
Researchers developed a self-aligned, thin-film growth technology to grow tellurium film in a uniform crystal orientation at a low temperature of 150°C. This approach enables the precise fabrication of high-quality semiconductor films for next-generation semiconductors and optoelectronic devices.
Researchers found that certain gut bacteria are associated with faster or slower biological aging, explaining about 15% of the differences. The study provides evidence for the importance of the gut microbiome in understanding biological aging and its potential influence on longevity.
The book examines AI4S's comprehensive implications on educational research, highlighting challenges and opportunities for transformative change. It emphasizes the need for robust critical and reflective frameworks and prudent practice guidelines to fully leverage AI4S's potential.
UC San Diego engineers created a smart ring that continuously monitors up to four different chemical biomarkers from finger sweat. The ring provides real-time health insights into individuals with diabetes management and nutrition tracking, closely matching commercial glucose and ketone readings.
A decade-long study found substantial regional variation in lithium exposure and established urinary lithium as a reliable measure of long-term environmental exposure. Household drinking water was linked to stable urinary lithium levels over 15 years, with most samples exceeding health-based screening levels.
Researchers at UW-Madison have found a novel strategy for designing reactions that can access previously inaccessible molecule couplings. This new approach allows for the creation of strong reductants and aggressive sources of electrons, facilitating electron transfer selectivity and opening up new possibilities for synthetic chemistry.
Researchers found that CRISPR-Cas systems regulate the expression of innate immunity genes to defend against bacteriophages. This layered regulatory hierarchy provides a layer of protection, making it challenging for phages to evade the defense mechanisms.
A new global database has been developed to map pathogens and antibiotic resistance risks in coastal waters, providing a practical tool for assessing biological risks. The Coastal Water Pathogen Database integrates shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from six coastal regions across three continents.
Biochar's performance in soil depends on its feedstock, production conditions, interactions with microorganisms, and aging processes. Practical measurements are needed to assess its functionality.
Single-molecule localization microscopy is vulnerable to thermal drift, mechanical vibrations, and optical fluctuations. Established drift correction methods are categorized and hybrid strategies combining multiple techniques are discussed.
Researchers are studying foul-smelling substances to understand what attracts the New World screwworm, a flesh-eating parasite, to its favorite meal - open wounds. The goal is to develop better lures for trapping this serious threat to the livestock industry.
Researchers found that single-atom Cu and adjacent Ti sites play distinct roles in CO2 photoreduction. Single-atom Cu sites promote CO2 adsorption and activation at adjacent Ti sites through H2O adsorption and electron injection.
Researchers at Texas A&M University discovered that a key pigmentation gene evolved rapidly in chickens, revealing an unexpected pattern of genetic evolution. This process allowed for the creation of a wide range of feather colors and patterns through the combination of multiple mutations within the same gene.
A research team led by Iowa State University's Raquel Espin Palazon identified two essential components — a pervasive protein and a crucial cellular signaling pathway — needed to make some types of blood cells. Adding these components to leukemia cells could potentially lead to new treatment options.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a highly tunable electro-optic isolator for signal routing in photonic integrated circuits. The device exhibits extremely low loss and high propagation contrast, making it comparable to commercial off-chip magnetic isolators.
A new study found consistent summertime peaks in both mass shootings and suicide deaths in the US, indicating a possible link between the two. The researchers observed seasonal fluctuations in these forms of violence, raising the possibility that mass shootings may share risk pathways with suicidal behavior.
Researchers have identified a specific location where DNA begins opening inside living yeast cells, marking the start of DNA replication. The study revealed a molecular gate that helps prepare DNA for copying and coordinates multiple stages within a compact area of the genome.
A temporally plastic photonic processor enables real-time adaptation in environments with changing inputs. The device achieves high single-pass precision and shows improved accuracy in tasks like matrix inversion and sequential decision-making compared to traditional electronic processors.
A new study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine has found that dual-energy SPECT may enable faster monitoring of PSMA therapy, reducing imaging time from 18 minutes to 9 minutes. Another study showed a prognostic model using PSMA PET can predict outcomes after therapy, including overall survival and PSA progression-free survival.
Researchers from the Universities of Amsterdam and New South Wales have discovered ytterbium ions can remain in previously unexplored metastable states for surprisingly long times, up to 30 seconds. The findings may improve the detection of quantum bits (qubits) and their generalized analogues in ytterbium ions.
The Office of Naval Research has released a new Science and Technology Strategy to address complex challenges facing the Department of the Navy and broader Department of War. The strategy emphasizes the need for disciplined choices and prioritization in research and delivery.
Researchers at the University of Chicago report a promising new strategy using BifidoSumIL-2, an engineered bacterial strain, to deliver an immune-stimulating therapy directly into pancreatic tumors. The treatment selectively activates cancer-fighting T cells and slows tumor growth, even when combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Researchers found that high brain metabolism is associated with longer overall survival, and it's an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Brain metabolism measured by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT provides valuable insight into patient outcomes and may help identify patients most likely to benefit from early supportive care.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis discover 'condenzymes,' inherent catalytic activities of biomolecular condensates, which contribute to biochemical functions in cells. The study shows that condensates can catalyze reactions such as esterolysis and hydrolysis, challenging the idea that they are merely bystanders in cells.
Researchers developed an elastic bevel thermal lamination method that removes interlayer impurities, producing clean interfaces and high-performance 2D device arrays. The method significantly reduces bubbles and wrinkles while maintaining structural integrity.
A new study from Stockholm University found that the most severe droughts in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean arose when multiple natural climate cycles coincided. This helped explain why the drought associated with the Late Bronze Age collapse were so severe, pushing societies beyond a critical hydroclimatic threshold.
Scientists have identified unusual cell behavior and an overactive immune response in mothers and babies with preeclampsia, providing new therapeutic targets for the condition. The study found that stressed placental cells, poorly functioning blood vessels, and stress molecules released by the placenta contribute to the condition.
Research reveals that patients' inherited genetic variants can impact the benefits and toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy for blood cancers. Variants in genes such as STXBP2, ADAMTSL3, and PTPN22 were found to correlate with treatment-related toxicity or enhanced therapeutic activity.
Brown tree snakes have more genetic diversity than initially thought, thanks to advanced sequencing technology that revealed thousands of structural variants. This unexpected diversity may help explain how the invasive species thrived despite a severe genetic bottleneck.
The UBR4-KCMF1-Calmodulin (UKC) complex is a stress-responsive machinery that regulates protein degradation and stress signaling. It employs UBE2A as its E2 enzyme and requires substrates with pre-attached ubiquitin moieties for efficient modification.
The discovery of altermagnetism reveals a new symmetry class of matter and has profound implications for quantum materials, condensed matter physics, and future information technologies. Researchers established that nature hosts a third elementary form of collinear magnetism.
A team of researchers at Harvard and Max Planck Institute have developed three new functional components for photonic microchips using an inverse design algorithm. The compact designs are about 500 times smaller than conventional designs and offer a path toward higher-performance integrated light technologies.
A study found that antibodies generated by vaccination against Zaire ebolavirus can neutralize the current Bundibugyo ebolavirus variant, suggesting possible cross-protection. However, further studies are required to confirm clinical benefit during the ongoing outbreak.
Designing T-cell engagers aims to optimize activity and toxicity through molecular engineering, dosing regimens, and patient selection. Strategies include spatiotemporal control of T-cell activation and tumor-selective cytotoxicity to enhance efficacy while minimizing harm.
The health tech industry is evolving with AI-powered wearables that enable real-time data interpretation, reducing centralized infrastructure demands. Pharmaceutical AI tools like NoHarm automate reviews, freeing up resources for medication errors. These innovations transform healthcare, improving care and patient outcomes.
A new study found that robot-delivered feedback can help learners recover from mistakes, but more personalized feedback was not automatically more helpful in the next moment. Personalized feedback was linked to better overall performance across the whole task, suggesting a trade-off between detailed feedback and learning speed.
Researchers identify PnMYB38 as a molecular switch linking plant hormone signals to saponin biosynthesis in Sanchi ginseng. The discovery opens the door to precision breeding and metabolic engineering strategies to boost medicinal quality.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have discovered that the malaria parasite relies on linoleic acid-containing blood fats to support its growth. This finding challenges scientists' understanding of how the parasite survives inside the human body, revealing a previously unknown vulnerability that could be targeted by future drugs.
The Journal of Nutrition reviews updated protein guidance, highlighting strengths and limitations in the evidence. The authors emphasize the need for further research to better understand protein needs across populations.
A study used digital senses to identify unique flavor fingerprints of five Minnan oolong tea varieties. The research combined electronic nose and tongue technologies with high-resolution metabolomics to distinguish the cultivars, offering an objective tool for varietal authentication and quality assessment.
Greater Japanese horseshoe bats align their echolocation call frequencies within a colony to reduce interference and enhance sensory perception. By converging on shared frequencies, the bats create a 'silent spectral window' allowing for reliable detection of prey signals.
Researchers at UTHealth Houston found that teenagers spending six or more hours a day on social media were twice as likely to experience symptoms of anxiety and three times as likely to report suicidal ideation. The study, published in Pediatrics Open Science, suggests that excessive social media use can contribute to poor mental health.
Researchers at Harvard's SEAS have created unique machine-knitted fabrics that 'snap' between multiple stable shapes, exhibiting multistability. The team embedded fine conductive yarns to create soft, stretchable electric switches that change state as the textile snaps back and forth.
Two interconnected signaling pathways, MAPK and PI3K/AKT, drive papillary thyroid carcinoma development and progression. Molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies are transforming treatment approaches.
A Chinese research team has proposed a novel approach to separate dimethyl carbonate from methanol using a tailor-made ionic liquid and heat pump-assisted distillation. The method significantly reduces energy consumption and costs compared to traditional methods, making it an attractive solution for the chemical industry.
BAM15 rescues obesity-induced defects in oocyte maturation and embryonic development through improved mitochondrial function. The compound activates PPARγ signaling, restoring genes associated with cytoskeletal organization and energy metabolism.
A global database, MATILDA, links individual dietary surveys with country-level food supply chains and population data, revealing how diets differ within countries and their environmental impacts. The study suggests tailored policies targeting specific populations can reduce emissions by up to 7.7% and improve health.
A clinical trial found that a standardized peritoneal dialysis training program reduced infection risk compared to existing training. The study recruited 1462 patients and demonstrated the impact of training delivery on PD-related infections.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a new AI framework called Orla that streamlines building and running AI workflows. In tests, Orla reduced computing costs and response times without sacrificing quality.
Researchers have designed a tough, fatigue-resistant, and multifunctional biogel for next-gen wearable electronics. The biogel enables self-powered devices for gesture recognition and robotic hand control with high precision.
Researchers create collapsible scissored surfaces based on networks of interconnected scissor mechanisms that can transform into curved surfaces. The new approach completes a trilogy of metamaterial design principles: origami (folds), kirigami (cuts), and pantograph lattices (linkages).
Researchers created a wearable patch that can detect hazardous substances and alert wearers through vibrations. The device also extends its functionality to robotic devices, allowing them to avoid hazards in their environment.
A three-year project aims to create a new formulation that supports the targeted and less invasive regeneration of injuries affecting intimate tissues. The researchers focus on extracellular vesicles, tiny particles released by cells, to facilitate intercellular communication and tissue regeneration.
Researchers used non-human primates to investigate MANF's function, revealing its essential role for astrocyte survival specifically in monkeys. The study highlights the importance of utilizing non-human primate models to evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting MANF-related pathways.
The Canada-China Reciprocal Learning Partnership in Teacher Education and School Education created a durable collaborative space for cross-cultural contact and shared educational practice. The partnership generated substantial evidence of sustained activity, including six collaborative research teams, annual international conferences, ...
A new study published in JAMA found that customized treatment for babies born with opioid withdrawal can significantly reduce hospital stays and speed recovery. The approach, which combines symptom-based dosing with the Eat, Sleep, Console model of care, helped infants recover an average of 2.3 days sooner.
A study led by Robert Koeth found a connection between elevated blood levels of TMAO, a gut bacteria byproduct, and an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The research team discovered that TMAO changes the heart's electrical environment, making it more susceptible to abnormal rhythms.
A novel therapy approach has been discovered, utilizing the body's own mechanisms to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks. The approach focuses on two substances, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and thrombomodulin (TM), which activate a mechanism in blood vessels to prevent clot formation.
Researchers developed atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD) engineering of silicon interfaces to overcome traditional silicon anode limitations. The approach enables stable and functionalized interfaces with unique self-limiting surface chemistry, achieving ultra-high capacity, fast charging, and extended cycle life.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf demonstrate that increasing qubits in adiabatic quantum computers makes them increasingly sensitive to disturbances, leading to a 'quantum Zeno effect' that can freeze computational processes. Mitigating measures like shielding and active protection methods can help overcome this issue.
Researchers found five stages of silicic acid formation in fossilised wood, spanning 200 million years and documenting temperature, pressure, and composition conditions. The study uses quartz cathodoluminescence, fluid inclusions, and other techniques to reconstruct the geological history of the Saale Basin in central Germany.
Chinese graduate students contribute to Japanese universities in multiple ways, expanding research agendas and enhancing global visibility. They also serve as academic conduits, influencing peers and shaping international networks.
A new review by the University of East London found no direct evidence showing whether domestic gardens reduce pollution levels or improve household air quality. Despite covering vast areas of Britain's towns and cities, researchers discovered a huge gap in understanding the role of domestic gardens on air quality.
A cross-sectional study investigates whether the time of day for influenza vaccination affects its effectiveness in preventing subsequent infections. The study found that vaccinations given later in the day may be less effective than those administered at other times.
Research on interfacial thermal transport in 2D heterostructures reviews recent advances and outlines future research directions. The authors argue that interfaces should be regarded as tunable thermal functional units, enabling active thermal management through device design.
Researchers analyzed genomic data from over 72,000 Han Taiwanese participants to identify genomic signatures of ongoing natural selection and uncover disease-associated genetic variants. The study reveals that large biobanks can function not only as tools for precision medicine but also as platforms for examining modern human evolution.
A study of 997,701 ED visits in Alberta and Ontario found a significant association between wildfire-sourced PM2.5 and a 6% increase in ED visits for migraine and primary headache syndromes. Associations were attenuated in less deprived areas, suggesting that wildfire-sourced PM2.5 may trigger severe headache episodes requiring ED care.
The UK is leading the development of one of the core instruments of the Habitable Worlds Observatory, a mission to search for Earth-like planets and study their atmospheres. The observatory aims to answer whether we are alone in the universe with technological advances and scientific breakthroughs.
A cross-sectional study of 172 venture capital-backed maternal health startups identified significant gaps in pregnancy care delivery, particularly for low-income populations. The study found that while startups have the potential to facilitate innovation, few address health equity concerns.
The US and China have distinct advantages in different domains, with the US lacking efficient translational infrastructure and China building a more efficient biomedical development engine. The conversation will address areas of collaboration and competition in biopharmaceutical innovation.
Emerging non-endocytic delivery strategies enable direct cytosolic delivery of proteins, nucleic acids, and gene-editing tools, providing new opportunities for biomedical therapies. The review discusses their application prospects in gene therapy, macromolecular drug delivery, and cellular engineering.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a practical imaging technique to visualize surface plasmon polaritons, electromagnetic waves traveling along metal surfaces. The method uses quantum dots to create sensitizers that can capture images of the waves under normal laboratory conditions.
Researchers at Kyushu University identified a molecule that strengthens hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a key muscle-repair signal. The compound, lipoic acid trisulfide (LASSS), enhances HGF's binding affinity for satellite cells, restoring its ability to repair muscle fibers and counteracting age-related muscle loss.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge solved the puzzle of why stimulating and blocking a specific 'switch' in the brain can help people lose weight. By targeting distinct regions of the brain, they found that GIPR agonists suppress appetite, while GIPR antagonists boost weight loss by releasing a 'brake'.
A new study reveals that green cryptocurrencies are better at transmitting volatility compared to traditional green assets, offering limited hedging effectiveness. Portfolio analysis shows that Cardano and Stellar are key drivers of volatility, while green bonds and ESG investments absorb disturbances.
A new oral antiviral drug candidate, GHP-88310, efficiently blocks both forms of viral spread and shortens the time period infected animals can transmit the virus. The study demonstrates the drug's suitability to augment traditional ring vaccination against measles.
Recent research suggests Venus is geologically active, with evidence of recent rifting and volcanic activity. Computer models indicate that rift flanks can form along the edges of rift valleys, widening rapidly over time.