Researchers identified a genetic link between low birth weight and assisted reproductive technologies, with mutations in mitochondrial DNA increasing risk. The study suggests that hormonal stimulation may exacerbate this risk, highlighting the need for balancing oocyte yield with mutation minimization.
An experimental mRNA vaccine against CMV elicited promising immune responses, outperforming a previous vaccine candidate in preventing the virus from infecting epithelial cells. The new vaccine may protect adults against CMV, potentially preventing women from passing the infection to their babies during pregnancy.
In a mouse model of multiple system atrophy, alpha-synuclein overexpression induces neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. IFNγ produced by infiltrating CD4+ T-cells mediates these changes. The study suggests that IFNγ is a potential future disease-modifying therapeutic target.
Scientists discovered a common trait among flying birds, including the number of primary feathers, to determine their evolutionary history. The finding provides clues about dinosaur flight and may inform debates on its origins.
A new study suggests that including socioeconomic status in the calculation of Medicare readmission penalties would reduce penalty amounts for 38% of safety-net hospitals compared to 17% of non-safety net hospitals. This adjustment could help alleviate financial pressure on these hospitals, which often care for sicker patients with lim...
Scientists at the University of Rochester discovered that even small differences in grain shape can significantly alter grain segregation in dry and wet conditions. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research to better understand and predict geohazards and alleviate segregation issues in industrial flows.
A study by an international research team led by Penn State finds that droughts may drive deadly amphibian disease, chytridiomycosis. Abnormal rainfall patterns disrupt the microbiomes of frogs, potentially leaving them vulnerable to the fungus.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that salt substitutes can help maintain healthy blood pressure in older adults. The study, which included 611 participants, showed that those using salt substitutes had a 40% lower incidence of hypertension compared to those using regular salt.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki discovered a new mechanism by which nutrient adaptation influences intestinal stem cell function and ageing. Intermittent fasting has been shown to benefit intestinal stem cells by preserving their flexible regulation, which is essential for differentiation.
A growing population of youth with autism and intellectual disabilities are involved in the US foster care system, facing increased risks for mental health diagnoses and trauma. Research found nearly 40,000 youth were in foster care in 2016, a 9% increase from previous years.
Researchers at CABBI developed a computational pipeline for identifying CRISPR/Cas-facilitated integration sites, which can pinpoint neutral integration sites in two to three minutes. This tool enables researchers to efficiently locate all the needles that align with their specific criteria, transforming the genome editing process.
Researchers discovered how insects navigate using limited brain power by simplifying complex problems through their behavior, a strategy that can be applied to robots and computers. A model of insect neuronal activity showed the robot successfully navigated in various environments, leading to potential improvements in energy efficiency.
Researchers developed customized adhesive patches using mussel-derived proteins, exhibiting strong underwater adhesion, biocompatibility, and adjustable degradation time. These patches showed successful treatment in animal models, paving the way for personalized medical applications.
A study by University of Notre Dame's Calvin Zimmermann found that early childhood teachers take an 'authoritarian approach' with Black boys and a more 'permissive approach' with white boys. This leads to heavier punishments, surveillance, and missed learning opportunities for Black students.
Researchers found that individuals who engaged in home and wild food production (HWFP) activities exhibited improved food security 9-12 months later. Those who were newly food insecure during the pandemic seemed to be the best at recovering from food insecurity with HWFP.
Researchers used a Compton camera, originally designed for astronomy, to capture the polarization of gamma rays emitted from atomic nuclei. This revealed the internal structure of the atomic nuclei and significantly reduced uncertainties in determining spin and parity.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz find that popular link prediction metrics are flawed and do not accurately measure algorithm performance. They recommend using a new metric, VCMPR, to benchmark link prediction tasks and highlight the importance of accurate metrics in machine learning decision-making.
The study reveals that the superior colliculus is vital in the transition from seeing individual flashes to smooth motion, and may be a key component in creating the continuity illusion. Different methods of measuring the Flicker Fusion Frequency threshold suggest other parts of the brain also play a role in this process.
A digital app has been found to reduce emergency hospital admissions from care homes by 25%, as well as A&E attendances by 11%. The use of the Health Call app led to a cost reduction for the NHS of £57 per resident in 2018, increasing to £113 in 2021.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered a molecular mechanism behind noise-induced hearing loss, which affects millions of Americans. They found that excess zinc in the inner ear causes cellular damage and disrupts normal cell communication, leading to hearing loss.
Researchers have discovered five new species of eyelash vipers, characterized by their unique enlarged spine-like scales positioned atop their eyes. These vipers are also polychromatic, with different morphs exhibiting distinct colorations.
Legume plants have a unique ability to interact with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, allowing them to thrive without external nitrogen. Researchers identified four essential phosphorylation sites on the SYMRK kinase that mediate this symbiotic relationship.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine sheds light on how Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) impacts the gut microbiome, providing a potential tool for disease surveillance. Researchers found that certain types of gut bacteria can differentiate between CWD-positive and -negative deer.
Researchers from Pohang University of Science & Technology employ linker ions to pioneer three-dimensional microprinting technology applicable to inorganic substances and other various materials. The team successfully crafts inorganic porous structures with dimensions below 10 μm without specialized equipment.
Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities face higher risk for foster care involvement, particularly among Black and female populations. The study highlights the urgent need for system-level interventions to address these disparities.
A University of Stirling study found that genetic mixing changes local mussel populations, helping farmers with site selection and management. The research also identified key areas for growing mussel populations along Scotland's Atlantic coast.
A study found that customers are more willing to provide written compliments and complaints using AI-powered tablets rather than leaving videos. The researchers suggest that methods requiring 'low self-disclosure' would work better for customer feedback.
Researchers have created a hydrogel that can be used to heal damaged heart tissue and improve cancer treatments. The gel is made from cellulose nanocrystals derived from wood pulp and has a nanofibrous architecture that replicates the properties of human tissues.
A multicenter study found that a small pancreas size predicts a faster progression to stage 3 Type 1 diabetes. The study also suggests that using pancreas volume measurement combined with validated metabolic risk measures can more accurately predict disease development than either method alone.
A new method reveals genes associated with proteostasis and mRNA surveillance as important for explaining treatment resistance. The approach also identifies DNA repair deficiency as a key factor sensitizing cells to chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and NK killing.
Researchers at Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine and Thayer School of Engineering have made significant breakthroughs in understanding how antibodies combat herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. The study reveals that antibody effector functions play a critical role in protecting against HSV, which may lead to new treatments for n...
A new University of Bristol-led study finds that infants of non-White ethnicities are at a greater risk of death than their White counterparts. The analysis highlights the need to tackle factors driving infant mortality, with preterm birth being a significant contributor to this risk.
A new study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that the end-Triassic extinction had a greater impact on terrestrial ecosystems than marine ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems took longer to recover from mass extinction events, with higher extinction severity and fewer groups occupying key ecological roles.
A global task force of scientists created an integrative framework to study emotions and moods, situating experiences within a single theoretical framework. This framework helps understand mental disorders like depression and anxiety, as well as decision-making and human behavior.
A study of 276,000 children aged 6-23 months in 92 low- and middle-income countries reveals that 10.4% were zero-food children, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve infant nutrition. The prevalence is particularly urgent in West and Central Africa and India.
Researchers identified a group of proteins that help cancer cells maintain genetic stability and avoid immune system detection. By depleting these proteins, they triggered an inflammatory response and made the cancer cells visible to the immune system.
Researchers found significant differences in gut microbiome diversity and identified specific bacteria linked to ASD. A potential connection between the microbiome and neurodevelopment has been uncovered.
A new study by University of Massachusetts Amherst engineers highlights the disproportionate impact of poorly maintained roads on residents in disadvantaged communities. The research found that these communities are twice as likely to have poor roads, leading to increased fuel consumption and higher costs for drivers.
Researchers created an additional means for therapy to find and eliminate cancer cells using a small peptide, demonstrating better efficacy in lab tests and in vitro experiments. The study used computational analysis and predicted protein models to understand how structure impacts antigen recognition and therapy efficacy.
A study published in the Journal of Black Psychology found that creating spaces with and for Black girls can provide psychological safety. The Black Girl Magic Crew program validated participants' experiences, opinions, and encouraged explorations of self through specific curricular activities. This model can be used to create similar ...
Researchers at Penn State discovered that oat flour can be used to reduce added sugar in chocolate while maintaining its texture and flavor. The team conducted two blind taste tests involving 66 and 90 participants, who rated oat-flour-containing chocolates as equally tasty or even preferred to regular chocolate.
Researchers at TU Wien create artificial cartilage tissue by colonizing porous plastic spheres with cells, achieving seamless integration and uniform structure. The novel technique has potential for medical applications, including replacing injured cartilage.
The new advisory highlights the dramatic advances in understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases over the past century. These advancements have saved millions of lives and reduced heart disease death rates by more than half since 1950.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have discovered a new approach to defeating breast cancer by stimulating the androgen receptor. The study found that enobosarm was effective against estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, which is the most common form of the disease.
A new study from the University of South Australia found a link between parents' sideline conduct and athletes' behaviours. When parents behaved well, their child was more likely to project positive behaviour. However, when parents behaved poorly, this was related to greater antisocial behaviours in their child.
Chemical simulations can be sped up by resetting them, a new study from Tel Aviv University found. This technique, called stochastic resetting, overcomes the timescale problem, allowing for more accurate predictions of slow processes.
Scientists at Oregon State University have made a significant advance in capturing carbon dioxide from the air using vanadium peroxide molecules. The technology has been shown to react with and bind carbon dioxide effectively, making it a promising candidate for improving direct air capture methods.
Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan University have developed a novel approach to create nanoscrolls with improved control over nanostructure. The team achieved tight rolls with scrolls up to five nanometers in diameter and multiple microns in length, opening doors for new applications in catalysis and photovoltaic devices.
Researchers developed a faster test for mpox using CRISPR and nanopore sensing technology, which can detect the virus in 32-55 minutes, compared to hours of current lab testing. The test is specific to mpox and was confirmed not to detect other viruses.
Researchers created a soft robot mimicking 500-million-year-old pleurocystitids, suggesting a sweeping motion helped them glide through the ocean floor. The design also indicates longer stems enabled faster movement without increased energy expenditure.
Researchers at Aston University have discovered that aging skin exhibits distinct optical properties under polarised laser light. This finding could lead to the development of non-invasive light-based techniques for early detection and monitoring of skin conditions, including cancer.
Researchers have developed a new urine-based test for early detection of ovarian cancer using nanopore sensing technology. The method can simultaneously identify multiple peptides, including those derived from LRG-1, and shows promise for improving 5-year survival rates by up to 75%.
Researchers develop a novel genomic classification system that categorizes patients into 12 distinct groups based on their underlying genomic profiles. The individualized risk model, IRMMa, uses advanced statistical methodologies to generate tailored predictions of patient response to different therapies.
A global meta-analysis of six continents reveals that large wild herbivores have a significant impact on ecosystems, promoting biodiversity and ecosystem variability. The study found that megafauna communities with larger herbivores tend to have positive effects on local plant diversity, while smaller species communities decrease it.
A study by Brazilian researchers reveals that bixin, a carotenoid pigment extracted from annatto tree seeds, is also present in other organs. Genetic analysis and modifications found increased production of the pigment in the adult phase and linked to stress-related hormone abscisic acid.
Scientists use a special microscope to break up the bond between electrons and holes in semiconductors, revealing that hole interactions determine charge transfer processes. The findings have implications for future computer and photovoltaic technologies.
Researchers developed sensors using aerogels to detect formaldehyde, a common indoor air pollutant, with real-time detection capabilities. The sensors require minimal power and can distinguish between different gases.
The Cabrières Biota, a new fossil site in southern France, has revealed unprecedented information on polar ecosystems during the Ordovician period. The discovery of over 400 fossils provides insights into the composition of southernmost ecosystems and serves as a refuge for species that escaped high temperatures.
Researchers develop electrochemical method to release hydrogen stored in hydrogen boride sheets, achieving high Faradaic efficiency. The process is expected to contribute to the development of safe and lightweight hydrogen carriers with low energy consumption.
Researchers found that APOE4 accumulates on fat droplets in astrocytes, damaging brain cells and preventing them from cleaning up toxic lipids. This mechanism could explain why APOE4 increases Alzheimer's disease risk.