A clinical trial funded by the NIH found that pain coping skills training reduced pain interference, improved mood, and enhanced quality of life in adults with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. The intervention was adapted for patients with limited pain treatment options and showed benefits comparable to opioids.
A recent NIH study found that young people with severe obesity who underwent weight-loss surgery between ages 15 and 18 continued to see significant improvements in health outcomes, including reduced type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and abnormal cholesterol levels. The study, known as Teen LABS, suggests that bariatric surgery may offer ...
A nationwide NIH-funded team created the most comprehensive atlas of human kidney cells, enabling comparisons between healthy and injured kidney cells. The atlas will help researchers understand the progression of kidney disease and identify new treatments for chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.
A new study finds that youth-onset type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing serious complications by young adulthood. Within 15 years of diagnosis, nearly a third of participants had two or more complications, including heart disease, kidney disease, and eye disease.
A NIH study found that face masks increase humidity in inhaled air, which can benefit the immune system and combat respiratory diseases like COVID-19. The humidifying effects of masks vary depending on temperature and mask type, with thick cotton masks leading to the most increased level of humidity.
A small, highly controlled study at the National Institutes of Health compared the effects of a low-fat, plant-based diet to a low-carb, animal-based diet on calorie intake, hormone levels, body weight, and more. Participants lost weight on both diets, but only the low-fat diet led to a significant loss of body fat.
The study found that youth using the artificial pancreas system had significant improvements in blood glucose control, including a 7% improvement during the daytime and a 26% improvement at night. The technology improved overall time-in-range by nearly 11%, translating to more hours per day in a healthy range.
A new artificial pancreas system improved participants' blood glucose control throughout the day and overnight, reducing the risk of low blood sugar levels. The system's advanced algorithms and safety features enabled users to achieve near-normal blood sugar levels every morning.
Researchers developed a new mouse model called 'wildling,' which acquired microbes and pathogens from wild mice while maintaining laboratory genetics. The study found that wildlings mirrored human immune responses, were stable in their microbiota, and predicted human immune responses with accuracy.
A study of adults and youth with type 2 diabetes found that improvements in insulin release wane after treatment stops, highlighting the need for continued treatment. In contrast, youth experience more aggressive disease progression during and after treatment.
Researchers found that an immunotherapy treatment, teplizumab, effectively delayed the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in high-risk individuals. Participants who received teplizumab took longer to develop clinical disease, with a median time of 48 months compared to just over 24 months for those in the control group.
A large NIH-funded study found that taking a daily vitamin D supplement does not prevent type 2 diabetes in adults at high risk. The study, which enrolled over 2,400 participants, found no significant difference between those who took 4,000 IU of vitamin D and those who took a placebo.
A study funded by the NIH found that early weight-loss surgery in youth can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, compared to waiting until later in life. Teens who underwent gastric bypass surgery showed significant improvements in blood glucose control and reduced medication use.
A small-scale trial found that participants eating ultra-processed foods consumed more calories and gained weight than those on a minimally processed diet, despite similar calorie counts. The study suggests that ultra-processed foods may be a significant contributor to overeating and weight gain.
A study funded by NIH found that gastric banding is as effective as metformin in stabilizing disease for people with prediabetes or new-onset type 2 diabetes. Participants who underwent gastric banding surgery lost significantly more weight and showed similar improvements in insulin sensitivity compared to those taking metformin.
Mothers with elevated blood glucose during pregnancy were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes a decade after giving birth. Children born to mothers with high blood glucose also had a higher risk of obesity, even when adjusted for the mother's BMI.
A NIH-funded study of 91 youth ages 10-19 found that neither initial treatment with long-acting insulin followed by metformin, nor metformin alone preserved the body's ability to make insulin. Metformin did show modest improvement in blood glucose levels.
Researchers analyzed 24,000 retinal exams to develop a new screening schedule for people with type 1 diabetes. The findings suggest that adjusting the frequency of eye screenings based on risk could lead to lower costs and quicker diagnosis and treatment of advanced retinopathy.
The study found that incidence of type 1 diabetes increased by 1.8% annually from 2002 to 2012, while type 2 diabetes rose at a rate of 4.8%. Racial/ethnic minority groups experienced the most significant increases in new diagnosed cases.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that teens and young adults with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing kidney, nerve, and eye diseases. This study, funded by NIH and CDC, compared over 1,700 youth with type 1 and 272 youth with type 2 diabetes.
Four NIH-funded research projects aim to test and refine fully automated artificial pancreas systems, replacing traditional methods for managing type 1 diabetes. The studies will evaluate safety, efficacy, user-friendliness, and cost, with the goal of bringing these life-changing devices to those who need them.
Researchers found that nearly 50% of Asian Americans with diabetes remain undiagnosed, with the highest prevalence in Hispanic Americans at nearly 23%. The study highlights the need for increased education and testing efforts among this population.
A recent NIH study found that restricting dietary fat led to a 68% higher rate of body fat loss compared to cutting the same number of carbohydrate calories. The researchers discovered that fat restriction resulted in a greater imbalance between consumed and burned fat, leading to more significant weight loss.
A new NIH study reveals that people with certain physiologies lose less weight when limiting calories. Those with a 'thrifty' metabolism, characterized by decreased energy expenditure during fasting, tend to lose less weight during calorie-reduced periods.
A National Institutes of Health study found that an over-the-counter allergy medication, chlorcyclizine HCl (CCZ), limits hepatitis C virus activity in infected mice. The results suggest CCZ could be used to treat the virus in people, potentially providing an affordable alternative to costly options.
Research funded by the National Institutes of Health found that people with type 1 diabetes who intensively control their blood glucose levels can live longer than those who do not. The study, which followed participants for an average of 27 years, found a 33% reduction in deaths among those who received intensive treatment.
Researchers found that using two drugs was no more effective than a single drug in slowing disease progression in people with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, rigorous blood pressure treatment did slow the growth of kidney cysts and preserve kidney function.
A new experimental drug, obeticholic acid, has improved liver health in people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by reducing inflammation and fat. However, the treatment was associated with increased total cholesterol levels, a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
A study by the NIH found that obese individuals have greater dopamine activity in the habit-forming region of the brain, making them more drawn to overeat in response to food triggers. This differences could contribute to the development of effective weight-loss programs.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected diseases sharing common risk factors and causes. The NIH study suggests that patients with either condition should be monitored for the other, as pre-existing CKD increases the odds of AKI by 10 times and vice versa.
A recent NIH-funded study found that children with two copies of a high-risk variant in specific genes have a 26% chance of developing early signs of celiac disease by age 5. The study also revealed higher rates of celiac disease in Sweden compared to the US and other European countries.
A recent study shows that half of patients with severe sickle cell disease have safely stopped immunosuppressant medication after a modified blood stem-cell transplant. The trial reversed the condition in nearly all patients and allowed them to achieve stable mixed donor chimerism.
Researchers found that the bionic pancreas reduced interventions for low blood glucose by 37% and improved glucose levels, particularly at night. The device also showed a more than twofold reduction in hypoglycemia time in both adults and adolescents.
A two-year clinical trial found that long-term use of a drug combination reduces the risk of recurrent urinary tract infection by up to 80% in children with vesicoureteral reflux. Children with bladder and bowel dysfunction saw the greatest reduction, up to an 80% lower risk of recurrent infections.
A new study funded by the National Institutes of Health found that steroids after surgery do not improve bile flow in infants with biliary atresia, a rare liver disease. The study also revealed that survival rates were nearly the same for both groups, but infants on steroids experienced more serious adverse events.
Children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease from lower-income families were less likely to grow to normal height ranges. Researchers found that more aggressive intervention or programs to support treatment adherence could help improve outcomes.
A recent study has found that the APOL1 gene variant is independently associated with a more aggressive course of disease, particularly in African-Americans. The variant is linked to twice the rate of CKD progression and loss of kidney function in those with chronic kidney disease.
A study by the NIH found that deleting a protein called Olfm4 improves white blood cells' ability to fight bacteria in mice with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). This suggests a novel strategy for developing new treatments against common and deadly infections.
A new mathematical model developed by the NIH predicts how weight and body fat in children respond to adjustments in diet and physical activity. The results suggest that obese children may require more calories per pound of extra weight than adults, and may have therapeutic windows for weight management.
A recent NIH study analyzed data from participants on reality TV show 'The Biggest Loser' to find that exercise plays a key role in reducing body fat while preserving muscle mass. Adopting moderate lifestyle changes, such as 20 minutes of daily vigorous exercise and a 20% calorie restriction, can help sustain weight loss and avoid weig...
A new equation that combines creatinine and cystatin C levels provides a more accurate measurement of kidney function, reducing over-diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study suggests that this approach could be used as a confirmatory test for CKD in patients with estimated GFR near 60.
A study found that adults who underwent weight-loss surgery had a significantly higher risk of developing alcohol use disorders two years after surgery. The study, which followed 1,945 participants, found that the risk was highest among those who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
A new study suggests that pre-operative bladder function tests are not necessary for women undergoing surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Women who had only an office check-up had equally successful outcomes as those with both tests, indicating that these tests provide no added benefit for surgical treatment success.
A combination of two diabetes drugs, metformin and rosiglitazone, was more effective in treating youth with recent-onset type 2 diabetes than metformin alone. The study found that adding intensive lifestyle intervention to metformin provided no additional benefit.
The study found that weight loss and improved fitness nearly halved the risk of losing mobility in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Weight loss was a stronger predictor of better mobility than improved fitness, contributing significantly to the observed reduction in risk.
A new NIH study finds that programs to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults can improve quality of life, reduce healthcare costs, and result in significant savings over time. Lifestyle interventions and metformin treatment were found to be cost-effective options for preventing type 2 diabetes.
A new NIH-funded study confirms that saw palmetto extract does not reduce urinary problems associated with prostate enlargement. The study found no significant improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), regardless of dose.
Researchers found that reducing TGF-beta protein actions in mice converted white fat into brown fat-like cells with increased mitochondria, leading to calorie burning and reduced obesity. This discovery identifies a potential new approach to treating obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
A study funded by NIH found that vitamin E improved the most severe form of fatty liver disease in children, reversing NASH in at least half. The treatment showed significant reductions in liver cell death and improvements in liver enzyme levels.
Scientists have solved the three-dimensional structure of a key biological receptor, enabling chemists to design molecules for experimental drugs. This finding has the potential to expedite drug discovery in various areas, including arthritis, respiratory disorders, and wound healing.