A QUT-led project has identified the mechanism by which melanoma cells switch from proliferative to invasive behavior, opening up new pathways for cancer treatment. The discovery reveals a specific regulatory pathway involving the NFIB-EZH2 axis, which could potentially be targeted with existing drugs.
The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) is offering a $50,000 grant to support research into the effects of companion animals on healthy aging in humans. The grant aims to advance the study of human-animal interaction's impact on older adults and their caregivers.
Research published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that physically demanding jobs and shiftwork are associated with poorer egg quality and lower fertility rates in women. Women working in heavy-lifting jobs or evening/night shifts had fewer mature eggs, representing a nearly 9% reduction in total reserve of eggs.
A study suggests that limiting lung cancer screening to high-risk former smokers may improve cost-effectiveness. The most cost-effective scenario involves annual screening between ages 55 and 75 for persons who smoked over 40 pack-years and quit less than 10 years ago.
Researchers found that online weight loss forums provide three types of responses: prospective, collective, and positive, which help users avoid shame and stigma. These supportive interactions encourage participants to remain anonymous and provide access to a tolerant community where everyone has something in common.
Research finds that teen vaping acts as a 'one way bridge' to future smoking among those who have never smoked before. Vaping is also associated with an increased risk of smoking among teens who have previously smoked, possibly due to desensitization to cigarette health risks.
A £1.7 million, five-year project will provide electronic music composers with access to newly-developed software tools and methodologies to mine vast digital sound databases. This will enable the creation of exciting new sounds and ideas, pushing the limits of new 'sound worlds'.
Lauren Sciences LLC has received the second grant from Voices Against Brain Cancer to continue developing LAUR-401, its innovative V-Smart Nanomedicine for Glioblastoma Multiforme. The award confirms the successful development of LAUR-401 and anticipates its potential as a transformative therapeutic for brain cancer patients.
Researchers at the University of Kent found that people who use Facebook or surf the web tend to underestimate time compared to general internet use. The study, which monitored responses from 44 participants, showed that Facebook-related stimuli lead to a greater distortion in time perception.
A study published in Biology of Sex Differences found that females are more vulnerable to certain stress-related and allergic diseases due to distinct differences in mast cells, a type of white blood cell. Mast cells play a key role in stress-related health issues common in women like IBS, migraines, and autoimmune diseases.
A study led by Leonida Fusani demonstrates that the hormone ghrelin regulates migratory behavior in birds, controlling when to rest and replenish energy stores. The research team also found that an inactive form of ghrelin is a more influential factor than previously thought.
A new study by University of Illinois sociologist Amelia Branigan finds that obese white female students receive worse grades than their normal-weight peers, with teachers rating them as less academically able. The relationship between obesity and academic performance is linked to educators' interactions with girls of various sizes.
A study found that many high-risk breast cancer patients are not recommended for genetic testing, despite being interested in it. The lack of testing puts doctors at risk of missing opportunities to prevent cancers in mutation carriers and their family members.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are developing a cell therapy that utilizes modified facial muscle cells to regenerate heart tissue. This innovative approach aims to address the limitations of existing treatments, which often rely on drug therapies or surgery, and may reduce rejection risks.
A study published in Anesthesiology found that combining opioids with alcohol increases the risk of respiratory depression, a potentially life-threatening side effect. The combination is particularly concerning for elderly individuals, who are more likely to experience repeated episodes of shallow breathing.
A series of innovative studies tracks effects of common chemicals on human health and environment, examining mercury's impact on blood pressure in pregnant women. The research also provides first evidence linking parabens and triclocarban to measurable adverse health effects in newborns.
A nationwide study published in JACS found that critically ill children can now undergo liver transplantation and achieve similar survival benefits as stable children. Survival rates have improved significantly since pediatric critical care was recognized as a specialty area of medicine, with one-year survival increasing from 66% to 92%.
Scientists successfully demonstrate circularly polarized electroluminescence from spin-polarized LEDs at room temperature, without external magnetic fields. The discovery opens up new avenues for spintronics and potential applications in secure optical communications, cancer diagnosis, and optically enhanced nuclei imaging.
Researchers have developed a new 3D system to study human infection in the laboratory, allowing them to investigate what happens in a human body when TB develops. The 3D sphere model enables antibiotics that are important for treating patients to kill the infection, speeding up the process of finding treatments and vaccines.
A study led by UC Santa Cruz researchers found that drought increases the severity of West Nile virus epidemics in the US, while populations that have experienced large outbreaks acquire immunity to limit subsequent epidemics. Drought is a key driver of transmission, particularly after large outbreaks.
A new USGS study finds that most abandoned oil and gas pads on the Colorado Plateau are characterized by reduced vegetation cover, even after 9 years. The DART approach used in the study suggests that land stewardship and environmental gradients can impact pad recovery.
A new study predicts climate change will increase US electricity costs by billions of dollars due to higher temperatures and peak demand. Utilities will need to spend between $70 billion and $180 billion on grid upgrades to absorb these surges.
A study outlines the essential actions required for startup founders to retain their CEO position during rapid growth. The '8 hurdles of transition' include setting a direction, positioning products in an expanded market, and developing effective processes and infrastructures.
A new model, aggregate-label learning, proposes that neurons serve as reliable clue detectors to their host by matching spike output to the magnitude of a cue. This approach outperforms existing models in processing continuous streams of sensory information.
A new technique separates circulating tumor cells from whole blood at a liquid-liquid interface, capturing 95% of CTCs in one minute. This method enables early detection and monitoring of metastatic disease, improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Mutations in specific proteins affect tooth enamel formation, leading to increased risk of caries. The study's findings open up new possibilities for preventing caries in patients with defective tooth enamel.
Broader updrafts in severe storms may lead to a higher chance of damaging hail. Research suggests that changes in environmental vertical wind shear can influence the growth of significant hail.
Physicists have demonstrated quantum entanglement using ancient photons from stars, closing the freedom-of-choice loophole and supporting the concept of 'spooky action at a distance'. The experiment uses highly entangled pairs of photons produced on the roof of a laboratory in Vienna, shot towards detectors several city blocks away.
Researchers developed a new theory of cooperation that avoids making moral assessments in specific cases, promoting more effective cooperation. The 'Staying' rule assesses individuals based on their reputation, allowing good cooperators to thrive even among freeloaders.
Scientists create new structural color material that showcases consistent color from all viewing directions, overcoming conventional wisdom about long-range order photonic structures. The innovative design has a wide viewing angle of 160 degrees, making it suitable for applications such as phone and television screens.
A study published in Social Science and Medicine found that patients worry about wasting doctors' time, particularly in an overstretched NHS. This concern can affect patients' decisions to seek medical attention, with serious implications for their health if delayed due to fear of resource wastage.
A new University of Michigan study found that high school seniors who vape are more than four times more likely to smoke a cigarette in the following year. Vaping changes teens' perceptions of the risks of smoking, making them less likely to view smoking as harmful.
Researchers use Gaia data to detect pulsating stars and trace the extent of the Large Magellanic Cloud, revealing a fuzzy halo stretching 20 degrees from its center. The discovery provides insights into the clouds' mass and interaction with the Milky Way, shedding light on their role in galaxy formation.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found high levels of toxic metals in five leading e-cigarette brands, including cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, and nickel. The liquid in these e-cigarettes contains the aerosol that is inhaled by users, posing a health risk when inhaled.
A study by researchers at the University of East Anglia found that fiscal policies can help lower harmful carbon emissions in developing countries. The research used Brazil as a case study and discovered that even early-stage measures could significantly reduce emissions.
Researchers tested automated approaches to analyze large linguistic datasets, finding that some methods detected cognates correctly with high accuracy. The study suggests a promising future for combining algorithms and expert knowledge to uncover human prehistory and cultural evolution.
A recent study found that oxygen levels in the air began to rise around 2.4 billion years ago, coinciding with global glaciation and a single supercontinent called Kenorland. The research suggests that volcanic activity on this massive landmass may have contributed to the unstable climate leading to fluctuations in oxygen levels.
Researchers found that elevated levels of GFAP and UCH-L1 in patients with acute orthopedic injuries did not distinguish between those with and without mild traumatic brain injury. This study highlights the need for caution when using these biomarkers, as false-positive diagnoses could lead to unnecessary imaging.
A recent study published in the journal Cancer found that breast cancer patients with dense breast tissue have almost a two-fold increased risk of developing disease in the contralateral breast. The researchers identified 680 stage I, II and III breast cancer patients who were treated at MD Anderson between 1997 and 2012.
In a groundbreaking study, 16 patients with severe aplastic anemia were successfully treated using partially matched bone marrow transplants followed by chemotherapy. After stopping immunosuppressive drugs over a year after their transplants, all patients showed no evidence of the disease.
Research at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital found that specific brain cell subpopulations play a role in epilepsy. Astrocytes were divided into distinct subpopulations, each with unique gene expressions and functions. These subpopulations may contribute to brain tumor progression and seizure onset.
Researchers at Cambridge University developed a portable superconducting magnetic system that can attain a 3-tesla level for the magnetic field. Advances in cryogenics and new cooling technologies made this possible, enabling potential applications in small motors, healthcare, and other fields.
A study found that moderate to high levels of screen time are not associated with negative outcomes in teenagers. The researcher suggests that parents should focus on how media is used rather than just time consumption, as it can foster learning and socialization.
A massive undersea landslide has been revealed on the Great Barrier Reef, spanning approximately 30 kilometers and featuring a debris field of large blocks and smaller knolls. The discovery provides new insights into the reef's complex landscape and poses concerns for tsunami hazard to the Queensland coast.
Women who started menstruating early may face a higher risk of stroke, according to research published in Neuroepidemiology. Starting periods at age 13 or younger increases the risk by 1.8 times compared to those who started at age 15. Further research is needed to confirm this association.
A study found that standard hemoglobin A1c criteria underestimates long-term glucose levels in African Americans with sickle cell trait, resulting in fewer cases of prediabetes and diabetes. This could lead to missed opportunities for intervention and higher diabetic complications rates
Researchers observed a protostar and found that gas can shed angular momentum by being cast into the vertical direction, creating a 'traffic jam' near the centrifugal barrier. This behavior aligns with calculations using a ballistic model, shedding light on the dynamics of stellar formation.
A multidisciplinary team from Care New England, Brown University, and the University of Michigan will conduct a five-year research study on novel approaches to suicide risk assessment. The study aims to identify how changes in speech patterns relate to changes in suicide risk using smartphone technology.
Researchers at Washington State University found that offering prizes can be an effective, low-cost treatment for alcohol abuse among individuals with serious mental illness, reducing tobacco and drug use. The study's findings could expand treatment options for millions of Americans, particularly those from native populations.
A recent study found that depressed patients with an early age at onset and higher symptom severity have a significantly increased genetic risk for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The research used genome-wide data to identify specific subgroups of depressed patients based on their clinical characteristics.
Researchers found that diatoms' rapid growth creates algal blooms that deplete nutrients in the upper water layer, which then affect global ocean currents. Diatoms absorb zinc and silicon to form shells and transport these trace elements through deep ocean currents.
Researchers have developed a new technique using DNA 'barcodes' to rapidly screen nanoparticles for therapeutic delivery. The method allows hundreds of different types of nanoparticles to be tested simultaneously in just a handful of animals.
Plant tissues have a preferred direction of growth, essential for producing complex shapes. This characteristic is crucial for understanding how genes influence plant shape formation and could lead to better-adapted crop varieties.
Dr. Chris Boyer has been selected as an Emerging Scholar by the Southern Agricultural Economics Association (SAEA) for his research on farm and environmental management. He will receive the award for his demonstrated publication activity and work with UT Extension educators to serve agricultural producers in Tennessee.
Researchers discovered wolves kill less often in the presence of brown bears due to competition for food. The consistency of results between two continents suggests that brown bears may be reducing wolf kill rates, but the reasons behind this phenomenon are still unclear.
Tropical Cyclone Carlos appears more organized, with defined center of circulation, after wind shear relaxation. The storm is expected to strengthen due to warm sea surface temperatures and peak at 70 knots before weakening.
Researchers discover a mineral with the right properties to harness energy from multiple sources simultaneously. The material, KBNNO, can generate electricity from heat, pressure, and even movement, paving the way for more sustainable wearable technology.
MIT researchers incorporated human strategies into automatic planners, achieving significant improvements in performance. By encoding high-level strategies from skilled human planners, they improved the performance of competition-winning algorithms on complex planning problems.
A Harvard study found that heavy lifting and non-daytime work schedules can decrease fertility in women, especially those who are overweight or over 37. The researchers measured biomarkers of fecundity in nearly 500 women seeking infertility treatment, revealing an inverse association between physical demands and egg yields.
A mouse study found that prenatal BPA exposure weakens the body's fullness cues by reducing sensitivity to leptin, a hormone controlling appetite. This altered response can lead to increased obesity risk in offspring, supporting concerns about the potential impact of environmental endocrine disruptors on human health.
Researchers from Gero discovered that Strehler-Mildvan correlation has no real biological basis, contradicting long-held assumptions. This finding opens up new possibilities for anti-aging therapies and life extension.
Researchers found that tropical forests provided a stable source of subsistence for human hunter-gatherers in New Guinea. Stable isotope analysis revealed prehistoric diets and lifestyles, indicating that foraging continued alongside agricultural experimentation.
A study from the University of Bristol reveals how Streptococcus gordonii binds to human cells via a 'catch-clamp' mechanism, leading to cardiovascular disease. The research provides a new target for anti-adhesive agents to combat life-threatening infections.
A new assay has been developed to detect genetic mutations in tumors, showing high sensitivity and specificity in detecting actionable genomic variants. The NCI-MATCH trial aims to evaluate tumor biopsy specimens from 6,000 patients using this technology.
Scientists have described a new species of fish-scale geckos (Geckolepis megalepis) that possess the largest scales of any gecko. These unique geckos can lose their skin at the slightest touch, making them challenging to study.
A study found that genetic differences in the spinal cord of embryos contribute to handedness, with the left side maturing faster than the right. This early difference may trigger later brain asymmetries, including language dominance in most adults.
Engineers at University of California San Diego developed a desktop diagnosis tool that detects harmful bacteria in blood samples in hours. The breakthrough uses proprietary chemistry, machine learning, and high-end imaging to identify DNA sequences from bacteria causing food-borne illnesses and pneumonia.
Amélie Juhin, a physicist and spectroscopist, has been awarded the ESRF Young Scientist of the Year 2017 prize for her experimental and theoretical studies on resonant X-ray scattering and X-ray dichroism. Her research focuses on probing electronic and magnetic properties of nanoparticles and molecular magnets.
A new method developed by Joana Goncalves-Sa's group can predict the onset of seasonal flu epidemics with accuracy, allowing health services to prepare and respond more promptly. The method integrates data from various sources, including official influenza incidence rates and Google searches, to identify changes in case numbers.
The BU College of Engineering is leading a $3.36 million project to improve connected and automated vehicles' energy efficiency by 20%. This initiative, funded by the US Department of Energy's ARPA-E NEXTCAR program, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and oil consumption per mile.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have designed a novel nanoparticle-based delivery system to enhance CRISPR/Cas9's treatment potential for genetic diseases. The new delivery method achieved an editing efficiency of about 30 percent in cultured cells, with successful nuclear delivery in approximately 90 percent of cells.
Researchers found that hemocyanin, an oxygen-transporting protein, is highly expressed in Asian citrus psyllids infected with the bacterium causing citrus greening. The protein may signal an immune response to infection and could be harnessed to help control disease spread.
A recent study published in Cell Chemical Biology reveals new insights into the molecular pathway that leads to Staphylococcus aureus virulence. Researchers developed nanodiscs to observe AgrC receptor kinase activity and discovered a key regulatory hotspot, providing a starting point for designing molecules to inhibit it.
Scientists from NREL found that surface recombination significantly affects the performance of polycrystalline perovskite solar cells. The study suggests that improving surface properties could lead to more efficient devices, with potential applications in photodetectors and light-emitting diodes.
Clinical trials are now enrolling at the University of Virginia Health System to test an artificial pancreas that automatically regulates blood-sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes. The trials will examine safety, effectiveness, and cost as well as physical and emotional health.
A study published in Cell Reports found that hydras have a network of tough protein fibers called the cytoskeleton, which acts as structural memory and guides cell alignment. This allows the hydra to regrow lost body parts with remarkable accuracy.
Researchers at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre have identified a new syndrome in mice with deleted Armc5 gene, characterized by adrenal gland abnormalities and immune system compromise. The study opens up new avenues for understanding and treating diseases linked to the ARMC5 gene.
A new approach to analyze brainwaves during sleep using multitaper spectral analysis provides objective and high-resolution depictions of brainwave activity. This technique offers a paradigm shift allowing clinicians to move away from subjective sleep staging and harness the wealth of objective information contained within EEG data.
Researchers at NHGRI found that iPSCs have the same mutation rate as subcloned cells, providing evidence of their stability and safety. This breakthrough enables further research and potential therapy development using patient-specific iPSCs.
A team of scientists led by Anandasankar Ray have identified Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor 6 (HDAC6) as a regulator of learning in fruit flies. The enzyme acts like a 'dimmer switch' to increase or decrease signal across synapses, and its role in healthy neurons is less understood.
A new study found that hemoglobin A1c readings are lower among individuals with sickle cell trait, suggesting a potential systemic underestimation of blood sugar control. This could lead to false sense of security for patients with diabetes.
Researchers at CWRU are testing a portable blood-adhesion monitor for sickle cell disease patients. The device aims to predict vaso-occlusive crises and help patients better manage their condition, potentially reducing physical and financial costs.
The Lomonosov Moscow State University has created an electronic depositary of living systems, featuring a unique information system with data on biological samples from various origins. The system allows for managing and sharing information about biomaterial, including descriptions of organisms and techniques for operating with them.
A new study found that high levels of air pollution can make insulin-creating cells less efficient, increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes in obese Latino children. Exposure to poor air quality during childhood increases the risk for obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers developed a method to combine anonymized mobile phone and satellite data to create high-resolution poverty maps. The study found that combining these data sources produces comparable poverty predictions with significant advantages.
A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology found that employees who record over 10,900 steps per day are less likely to perpetuate abuse at home. The research suggests that sleep and exercise can be leveraged as intervention points to prevent harmful behavior.
Researchers found that enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) differentiates into two sub-populations, one virulent and one non-virulent, with the virulent state maintaining long-term memory. This discovery sheds light on bacterial virulence strategies and may lead to new approaches for fighting infections.
A new study by University of Maryland School Medicine researchers found adjusting kynurenic acid levels can reduce schizophrenia-like behavior in mice. Higher KYNA levels are associated with cognitive problems and reduced glutamate signaling in people with schizophrenia.
A new research provides a mechanism to detect and correct systematic errors in data and image analysis used in many areas of science and engineering. The single-pixel interior filling function (SPIFF) method can improve the accuracy of imaging systems for tracking objects on scales ranging from nanometers to astrophysical scales.
A Duke University study has found elevated selenium levels in fish from three North Carolina lakes receiving power plants' coal ash waste, contaminating aquatic ecosystems and posing health risks. The study highlights the ongoing issue of continuous contamination of aquatic resources from hundreds of coal ash ponds across the country.
A University of East Anglia study reveals that the protein ninein is crucial for normal tissue development in the human gut. The research shows how microtubule rearrangements and the assembly of new Microtubule Organising Centres facilitate cell shape formation, nutrient uptake, and ultimately prevent cancer.
Researchers have developed a hydrometallurgical method to recycle lithium batteries, recovering cobalt and lithium with reasonable efficiency. The process involves calcination, acid treatment, and leaching, resulting in useful extraction rates for the metals.
NASA scientist William Zhang has developed a technique to manufacture lightweight, high-resolution X-ray mirrors using single-crystal silicon, reducing costs and improving resolution. The new technology addresses performance goals that have long been unmet in the field of X-ray optics.
A McMaster University study reveals that short, intense stair climbing can significantly improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce the risk of heart disease. The research also highlights interval training as a convenient way to incorporate exercise into daily life.
A study of over 2,500 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer revealed a significant gap between the need for genetic testing and its availability. High-risk patients, particularly those from Asian backgrounds and older women, were under-tested due to lack of physician recommendation and inadequate assessment of patient risk and desire.
A new species of gecko with massive scales has been identified, having the largest scales of any gecko. The skin of this gecko is specially adapted to tearing, allowing it to escape predators easily and regenerate its scales quickly.
A study by Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science identifies a specific brain circuit in the amygdala as crucial for empathy, providing hope for new treatments of social difficulties in autism. The findings suggest that targeting this region may help individuals with autism spectrum disorder develop social abilities.
University of Toronto scientists have discovered a better way to extract proteins from membranes, making it easier to study cell communication and human health/disease. Using a type of polymer, they stabilized proteins while keeping fatty molecules attached.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying RASopathies by studying zebrafish and fruit flies. They discovered that lower signaling levels can correspond to a RASopathy disease, challenging conventional wisdom that these disorders result from overactive RAS pathways.
A new model estimates the number of eggs a woman should freeze based on her age and family-building goals, providing data-driven guidance for women considering elective egg freezing. The model considers maternal age by individual year and incorporates the likelihood of embryo development to result in a live birth.
Researchers have identified three new uranium minerals, leesite, leószilárdite, and redcanyonite, found growing on the walls of old uranium mines in southern Utah. These minerals provide valuable insights into the chemistry and structure of uranyl compounds and their interactions with the environment.
A Stanford University study found that anyone can become a troll given the right mood and context. The research used experimentation, data analysis, and machine learning to identify simple factors that make people more likely to engage in trolling behavior.
Researchers have identified an exotic binary star system as the first white dwarf pulsar ever discovered in the universe. The star, AR Scorpii, is a rapidly spinning, burnt-out stellar remnant that emits powerful beams of radiation and particles.
Four NIH-funded research projects aim to test and refine fully automated artificial pancreas systems, replacing traditional methods for managing type 1 diabetes. The studies will evaluate safety, efficacy, user-friendliness, and cost, with the goal of bringing these life-changing devices to those who need them.
Researchers develop a scavenger scale to categorize animal traits, highlighting surprising adaptations in species like vultures, albatrosses, and cheetahs. The scale helps understand why some animals excel as scavengers while others struggle.
Scientists from UNC School of Medicine have confirmed the functions in bacterial cells of two important excision repair proteins, Mfd and UvrD, using an advanced sequencing technique. The study provides a genome-wide map of excision repair in bacteria and highlights the potential for developing novel antibiotic drugs.
A study conducted by Quebec researchers found that genetic mutations of the Armc5 gene disrupt foetal development and compromise immune responses. The protein plays a crucial role in early T-cell activation and adrenal gland biology.
Researchers estimate dinosaur age by analyzing bone structures and repair procedures, with a similar process occurring in humans. The study's findings have implications for understanding the natural life span of dinosaurs.