Gladstone researchers have identified a complex molecular connection between immune cells and fibroblasts that contributes to fibrosis in the heart, which may lead to new treatments for heart disease and other fibrotic conditions.
Researchers from KAIST have developed a new hydrogen production system that overcomes current limitations of green hydrogen production. The system uses a water-splitting process with an aqueous electrolyte, achieving high energy density and long-term stability.
Researchers found that the brain's language comprehension system can detect the basic structure of a short sentence in roughly 150 milliseconds, similar to visual scene perception. This rapid processing capacity suggests that our brains may be able to make snap decisions based on quick messages.
Mass General Brigham has been awarded $3.29 million by ARPA-H to develop a wearable device that monitors the brain's glymphatic system during sleep, which may lead to early detection of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's in women. The project aims to create a tool for personalized interventions and make it widely accessible.
Researchers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found that golfball coral larvae can be encouraged to settle when they hear the sounds of a vibrant, healthy reef. Acoustic enrichment technique showed promise in revitalize degraded sites and help repopulate marine ecosystems.
A new tracking method using mobile phone networks and Bluetooth technology provides reliable high-frequency tracking data for urban living animals. Field testing with birds demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to study movements and social networks.
A new study reveals that external canopy structural heterogeneity has a stronger influence on species diversity-productivity relationships than internal heterogeneity. Researchers introduced a new index to quantify this external heterogeneity, which plays a key role in mediating biodiversity-forest productivity dynamics.
Researchers are developing energy-efficient robots inspired by ancient fish and fossils to simulate their anatomy and behavior. The team aims to test hypotheses about how early animals evolved and moved, providing insights into the transition from water to land.
A team of leading sleep researchers from the British Sleep Society recommends abolishing twice-yearly clock changes in the UK due to their adverse effects on sleep and circadian health. The Society suggests adopting Standard Time throughout the year, closely aligning with natural light-dark cycles.
Researchers have developed a reconfigurable three-dimensional integrated photonic processor specifically designed to tackle the subset sum problem, a classic NP-complete challenge. The processor operates by allowing photons in a light beam to explore all possible paths simultaneously, providing answers in parallel and demonstrating hig...
Researchers found that chimpanzees have a similarly narrow pelvis to humans, contradicting previous theories. The study proposes a new hypothesis that the obstetrical dilemma developed gradually and became increasingly exacerbated over evolution.
A UK survey found that most young adults view non-consensual condom removal during sex as wrong and a violation of consent. The study, which surveyed 18-25-year-olds, also showed that nearly all participants considered it a form of sexual assault.
Researchers at Rockefeller University identified a three-neuron circuit connecting hunger-signaling hormone to jaw movements of chewing. Inhibiting these BDNF neurons leads animals to consume more food and triggers unnecessary chewing motions, while stimulating them reduces food intake and stops chewing motions.
Researchers analyzed TRPM2 channels from over 280 species to understand their evolution, identifying three stages of activation modes. A novel gating mode in fish proteins revealed an evolutionary intermediate.
A new parasite, Pachysentis canicola, has been discovered on the Channel Island fox, causing severe intestinal damage and inflammation in infected individuals. The study highlights the importance of biosecurity in the Channel Islands National Park and underscores the impact of human activity on isolated ecosystems.
Researchers discovered a mechanism used by ovarian tumors to cripple immune cells by blocking the energy supply T cells depend on. The discovery points toward a promising new immunotherapy approach for treating ovarian cancer.
Researchers at UNICAMP suggest that many species thought to be cosmopolitan may actually be misidentified, leading to a greater diversity of tardigrade species in Central and South America. The study proposes ignoring historical records and focusing on recent descriptions to better understand the species' distribution patterns.
Researchers have developed a virtual vibration test rig capable of accurately simulating the fatigue life of dozer push arms, streamlining the testing process and reducing costs. The new approach enables precise predictions of component durability, transforming how construction machinery is evaluated and enhanced.
A team of scientists has reported the experimental observation of a nonlinear fractal higher-order topological insulator, which supports a rich variety of topological corner states. The fractal structure can exhibit hybrid corner states and co-existing outer corner states with different internal structures.
Research suggests that the ability to balance on one leg can serve as a reliable indicator of neuromuscular aging. Men and women both experience significant declines in this balance ability over time.
Researchers developed femtosecond-fieldoscopy, enabling precise measurement of liquid quantities and detecting target molecules in aqueous environments. The technique opens up possibilities for label-free bio-imaging and advanced biomedical applications.
A new study finds that prolonged exposure to arsenic in water contributes to the development of ischemic heart disease. Decade-long arsenic exposure up to the time of a cardiovascular disease event was associated with the greatest risk. The study suggests stronger regulations would provide significant benefits to the population.
The study found that a decrease in insect and spider biodiversity is accompanied by a decline in biomass and key fatty acid content. Aquatic ecosystems show less pronounced land use effects, whereas terrestrial ecosystems exhibit significant differences depending on land use.
A new method developed by Tianlang Zhao quickly determines surface air quality during Alaska's intense wildfire season. The method combines ground monitoring data with satellite aerosol optical depth measurements to provide an observational-based estimation of PM 2.5 levels across Alaska during wildfires.
Researchers identified stability and predictability as key factors associated with good mental health in refugees. Building individual skills and capabilities to cope and thrive is crucial to promote well-being. Social engagement and support from both the refugee's own community and the host community also linked to increased wellbeing.
A new type of prototype water harvester uses temperature-sensitive materials to pull more water out of the atmosphere in 30 minutes on average than an alternative dehumidifier system using only half the energy. The device is also portable, making it suitable for regions where access to clean drinking water is limited.
A new study published in the Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment found that distributing free naloxone via vending machines in county jails can sharply increase the number of doses provided to inmates at release. This may help reduce overdose deaths, as former prisoners are more vulnerable due to lack of accessible support.
The University of Arizona's eCAMINOS program uses asset-based mentoring to help students identify their strengths and showcase their skills in portfolios. This approach has been shown to promote student success and create a more inclusive learning environment in engineering.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new system that increases the measurement rate of Raman spectroscopy, a technique used to identify molecules. This improvement enables faster identification of molecules and cells, with applications in biomedical diagnostics and material analytics.
Researchers challenge U-shaped happiness theory, finding more variability in nonindustrialized societies, with happiness increasing into middle age and declining later life. Happiness is often tied to physical ability and social value, not a universal trajectory.
Fossils from over 600,000 years ago show a shift in animal communities between warm and cold climate fluctuations. The Notarchirico site provides evidence of the emergence and disappearance of species such as cave lions, straight-tusked elephants, and red deer.
A recent study from University of Cambridge and University of Pennsylvania found a positive association between Airbnb rentals and police-reported robberies and violent crimes in thousands of London neighborhoods between 2015 and 2018. An additional 1,000 robberies per year would correspond to a 10% increase in active Airbnb rentals.
A study by Dr. Hernan Bazan at Ochsner Health reveals that higher frailty scores are directly associated with increased rates of stroke, death, and myocardial infarction within 30 days of the carotid procedure. The Hospital Frailty Risk Index provides a systematic tool for assessing frailty risk across large populations.
Astronomers have observed a black hole triple system for the first time, featuring a central black hole consuming a star and a distant companion that orbits every 70,000 years. The discovery raises questions about the origins of the black hole itself.
Researchers at Mount Sinai have developed an Adaptive Multi-Epitope Targeting and Avidity-Enhanced (AMETA) Nanobody Platform, a new antibody approach that can target multiple stable regions of viruses like SARS-CoV-2. The platform uses engineered nanobodies to bind to the virus, providing a more durable defense against evolving viruses.
A University of Virginia-led research team has developed new protective coatings that allow turbine engines to run at higher temperatures before components begin to fail. The coatings were created using rare earth oxides and have shown improved performance without complex multi-layer coatings.
A new covalent organic framework (COF) material developed by UC Berkeley researchers can capture CO2 from ambient air without degradation, making it a promising solution for reducing atmospheric greenhouse gases. The material's high carbon dioxide capacity and selectivity make it an attractive alternative to existing carbon capture tec...
Researchers at KAIST have developed a thermoelectric material that can generate electricity from body temperature and maintain stable performance even in extreme environments. The material, made of bismuth telluride fibers, has higher bending strength and showed no change in electrical properties after repeated bending tests.
The study introduces a novel dynamic gas sensing platform using blue μLED-activated SnO2 nanoparticles, exhibiting excellent sensitivity, tunable selectivity, and rapid detection. The system can distinguish various gases under light illumination, contributing to healthier living environments.
A research by the LAELA group of the UJI has shown that multilingual educational programmes facilitate language and content learning. The study highlights the importance of promoting the mastery of English without neglecting other languages in the curriculum, as multilingual competence is an advantage for learning a foreign language.
A University of Washington-led study suggests that rocky planets orbiting M-dwarf stars can maintain stable atmospheres over time, enhancing the chances of supporting life. The James Webb Space Telescope has observed hotter planets without significant atmospheres, but temperate planets in the 'Goldilocks zone' may have stable atmospheres.
Researchers at MedUni Vienna identified a potential way forward for targeted therapies that do not rely on antibiotics. The study focused on the restriction-modification system of Borrelia bacteria and discovered its importance in protecting the bacteria against foreign DNA.
Scientists have developed a new method using artificial intelligence to design thousands of DNA switches that can activate or repress genes in specific cell types. This approach could revolutionize gene therapy and biotechnology by allowing precise control over gene expression in the body.
Researchers at Nagoya University have identified a chemical compound that regulates stomatal density in plants, reducing water loss through transpiration. The compound, Stomidazolone, inhibits stomatal development without affecting plant growth, offering a promising solution for drought-prone environments.
The myeloMATCH program offers a portfolio of biomarker-driven treatment trials to accelerate precision medicine in myeloid malignancies. Patients can enroll in clinical trials throughout their cancer treatment journey, with test results returned quickly to assign them to the most appropriate trial.
The Flexible Clean Propulsion Technologies project aims to develop innovative clean solutions for maritime transport and off-road machinery, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 100% through the use of zero- and low-carbon fuels. The consortium brings together key players in Finland and international partners to shape the future ...
A team of researchers has directly measured the behavioral responses of dolphins to military sonar, finding that they are sensitive to sound levels orders of magnitude lower than previously predicted. The study reveals unexpected behaviors, including fine-scale changes in movement and changes in group configurations.
Researchers found that brief interventions with core physician teams boosted internal coordination, leading to better learning and productivity among trainees. Team coordination with external roles, such as nurses, also enhanced trainee learning and patient stays were shorter.
A study of 19,259 university students from 48 countries found that parental leave policies influence perceptions of social norms for equal childcare division among mothers and fathers. The degree to which participants believed childcare should be equally divided was stronger when parental leave was available in their country.
Researchers from Pitt, UC Santa Barbara, University of Cagliari, and Institute of Science Tokyo have developed a new method for photonic in-memory computing that combines non-volatility, multibit storage, high switching speed, low switching energy, and high endurance in a single platform.
Researchers propose a method called electro-agriculture that can produce food without sunlight, reducing the need for agricultural fields by 94%. The method uses a solar-powered chemical reaction to convert CO2 into acetate, which is then used by genetically engineered plants to produce energy and carbon.
Scientists have characterized enzymes involved in the degradation of ethane, a process that plays a crucial role in the biological filter at marine seeps. The study reveals a key aspect of the ethane-degrading microbes and their ability to adapt to different environments.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that people are more likely to assume unknown bystanders are enemy combatants than civilians, leading to a higher acceptance of collateral damage. The research suggests that this bias can result in civilian deaths and highlights the need for decision-makers to carefully evaluate their targets.
Researchers found that restoring coastal marshes can significantly help protect coastlines at a reasonable cost. A study by MIT graduate student Ernie I. H. Lee and professor Heidi Nepf shows that enhancing salt marshes in front of protective seawalls can reduce construction costs while still providing adequate protection from storms.
Researchers developed MobiPrint, a mobile 3D printer that can measure and print objects onto the floor. The system can add accessibility features, such as tactile markers, and create custom objects like art pieces.
An analysis of 1.7 million suicides in 26 countries found that Monday has the highest suicide risk, followed by New Year's Day. Risk patterns vary across weekends and holidays, with some countries experiencing increased risks on Saturdays or Sundays.
Scientists have discovered a natural compound called sulfuretin that can halt the progression of certain forms of cancer and demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis. The study found that sulfuretin blocks the activity of an enzyme involved in these diseases, suggesting its potential as a treatment.
Researchers used cutting-edge drone-based lidar to map two newly documented trade cities in Uzbekistan, revealing unprecedented details of medieval urban structures and economies. The cities, Tashbulak and Tugunbulak, are among the largest ever documented in the mountainous parts of the Silk Road.
Researchers developed an implantable device that detects an overdose, rapidly delivers naloxone to prevent death and alerts emergency responders. The device was tested in animal studies, showing promising results with rapid rescue and full recovery within minutes.
Research reveals two species of sardine in the California Current, with Japanese sardines arriving on the West Coast around 2022. The discovery highlights the impact of marine heatwaves and changing ocean conditions on fish distributions.