The American Heart Association has outlined three target needs for improving cardiac arrest outcomes by 2030: increasing bystander CPR rates, defibrillation, and survival after cardiac arrest. The goal is to double survivorship to 20% through increased access to lifesaving care in underrepresented communities.
A systematic study of this scale has never been conducted at Diamond or anywhere else in the world. The project involved over 1000 scientists, 800 samples and 110 UK secondary schools, analyzing how different additives affect calcium carbonate formation.
A study in rats found that excessive adolescent stress alters genes associated with energy metabolism, leading to behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The prefrontal cortex's response to stress was also affected, suggesting a link between mitochondrial function and emotional regulation.
A new study at MIT has developed a way to quickly test an array of metamaterial architectures and their resilience to supersonic impacts. The researchers found that the microstructure of the material matters, even with high-rate deformation, and identified impact-resistant structures for coatings or panels.
The SLICES research infrastructure, launched by UC3M and IMDEA Networks, provides high-quality experimentation services with emerging technologies like 5G/6G, IoT, NFV, or Cloud Computing. This Spanish node aims to support the scientific community in experimenting with cutting-edge resources.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have developed a robotic sensor that reads Braille at twice the speed of humans, achieving 87% accuracy. The breakthrough uses machine learning algorithms to 'deblur' images and recognize letters, paving the way for potential applications in robotics and prosthetics.
Researchers have discovered a multi-planet system that provides a rare glimpse into the formation of planets around a young star. The system consists of six confirmed planets and potentially a seventh, all forming under similar conditions at an age of just 700 million years.
A recent study by Ellen Algera and colleagues highlights the need for healthcare providers to be more informed about hormone-free and digital contraceptive methods. The researchers found that providers often prioritize risk minimization, leading to a lack of personalized guidance and person-centered care. To address this, Algera calls ...
A large Finnish study found that external fetal heart rate monitoring without simultaneous maternal pulse recording increases the risk of neonatal encephalopathy and acidemia. The study suggests that combining maternal pulse recording with fetal heart rate monitoring can effectively prevent these complications and improve neonatal outc...
A recent study of 35,000 adults aged 50+ found significant inequities in survival rates associated with wealth inequality in the US. Wealth redistribution policies have been proposed as a solution to reduce these disparities and increase population longevity.
Researchers developed a new chip that can detect cancer cells in blood samples, enabling clinicians to adapt treatments and improve outcomes for patients with lung cancer. The device traps and concentrates tiny numbers of cancer cells, allowing for regular monitoring of treatment effectiveness.
A study of over 1.6 million ED visits found that nearly two-thirds of low-risk pulmonary embolism patients were hospitalized, despite evidence suggesting safety in outpatient management. Researchers suggest further investigation into ED triage decisions to improve appropriate use of outpatient care.
A study reveals thyroid cancer's genetic changes contribute to resistance to BRAF inhibitors and can lead to tumor dedifferentiation. Researchers identify potential targets for new therapies, including dual-targeted treatments and immunotherapy combinations.
Researchers from Ohio State University tested upcoming telescopes' ability to detect chemical traces of oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane and water on 10 rocky exoplanets. The study found that two nearby worlds, Proxima Centauri b and GJ 887 b, are highly adept at detecting biosignatures with advanced telescopes.
Researchers have discovered that the superior colliculus is more important for vision than previously thought. Studies using mice as a model found that the structure is involved in distinguishing objects from the background and that it correlates with performance in visual tasks.
Researchers have discovered that tumours with mitochondrial DNA mutations are up to two and a half times more likely to respond to immunotherapy, opening a new avenue for improving cancer treatment. This finding could enable doctors to identify patients who would benefit most from immunotherapy before starting treatment.
A new smartphone app called All_Aboard has been developed to aid blind and visually impaired individuals in finding bus stops. The app uses artificial intelligence and camera technology to detect street signs and provide auditory cues, achieving a success rate of 93% compared to Google Maps' 52%.
Researchers have successfully generated high power fiber lasers at 1.2 μm waveband using stimulated Raman scattering effect in phosphorus-doped fibers, achieving record-breaking output powers of up to 735.8 W. This breakthrough has significant implications for photodynamic therapy, biomedical diagnosis, and oxygen sensing applications.
A new study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that organ donations after medical assistance in dying (MAiD) represented 14% of all deceased organ donations in Quebec in 2022. The majority of donors had neurodegenerative diseases, with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis being the most common condition.
A spatial model predicts pesticide exposure in bumblebees, explaining nearly 75% of the spatial variation. The model uses data on pesticide application and crop characteristics, but not flower attractiveness or chemical persistence.
A recent study discovered a causal link between oncofoetal ecosystems and liver cancer recurrence, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The research found that oncofoetal reprogramming contributes to EMT, tumour cell proliferation, and response to immunotherapy.
A new study sheds light on the preferences of five East African countries, finding that education and information about revenue usage are crucial factors in making climate policies acceptable. The researchers also discovered that investments in social programs, rather than environmental programs, increase policy acceptance.
Researchers found that tidal wetlands are not always less hospitable to methane-producing microbes as sea levels rise, with some sites emitting high levels of methane despite moderate saltwater influx. The study's results suggest complex factors governing methane emissions in natural landscapes, complicating predictions and models.
Researchers have successfully grown striated muscle layers and flat fat layers using glutenin, a non-allergenic wheat protein. The edible film-based scaffolds can be combined to produce meat-like textures, promising a more realistic cultivated meat product.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Texas at Arlington found that women are more susceptible to cocaine addiction than men due to fluctuations in sex hormones. The study discovered that the female sex hormone estradiol enhances the rewarding effects of cocaine, leading to increased sensitivity among females.
A new analysis by George Washington University researchers highlights the inadequate protection of frontline workers in the US during the pandemic. The study reveals that systemic reforms are needed to prevent similar tragedies in the future and protect population health.
A scoping review of 508 clinical studies found that most define a low-carb diet as limiting carbohydrate intake to 30% or less, with some using thresholds below 100 grams per day. The study highlights the need for a standardized definition to inform public health and nutrition activities.
A new study suggests that early conversations about brain health between clinicians and patients are rare due to stigma around Alzheimer's diagnoses. Tailored approaches, such as culturally relevant messaging and the Agile Diffusion Process, can facilitate these conversations.
A recent study on the fossil ape Lufengpithecus offers insights into the origins of human bipedalism. By analyzing the inner ear region, researchers discovered a three-step evolution process that led to human walking, with early apes using tree-like locomotion and later developing a combination of climbing and terrestrial quadrupedalism.
A new type of mechanical sensor, powered by sound waves, could monitor infrastructure and medical devices without battery replacement, reducing waste. The sensor can distinguish between different words and sounds, triggering processes or alarms.
A team from the University of Münster has detected biologically relevant nitrogen compounds and amino acids in an untreated English meteorite. The findings were made possible by a new type of detector design and high-resolution electron microscopy, offering insights into the origins of life on Earth.
A team of MIT scientists has detected 18 new tidal disruption events (TDEs) using infrared observations, more than doubling the catalog of known TDEs. The discoveries reveal that these star-shredding black holes occur in a range of galaxies across the entire sky, not just dusty galaxies.
Researchers have developed a synergistic antitumor drug that activates calcium channels in tumor cells, leading to a deadly influx of calcium ions. The treatment involves using a bioactive agent to generate reactive oxygen species, which triggers the activation of calcium channels in both the outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum.
Researchers have developed an AI-driven test that accurately diagnoses ovarian cancer in women clinically classified as normal, improving detection of early-stage disease. The test uses machine learning and blood metabolite information to assign a probability of disease presence or absence, offering a more clinically informative approach.
A species of tree fern in Panama reanimates its dead leaf fronds, converting them into root structures that feed the mother plant. This novel adaptation allows the ferns to thrive in nutrient-poor volcanic soils.
Researchers found a way to precisely calculate forces affecting galaxies in tidal cycles, a crucial step towards measuring dark matter velocity. Lopsided galaxies, common in outer space, can provide isolated environments to study dark matter relative motion.
Lehigh University researcher Dominic DiFranzo is developing an AI-powered platform, Social Media TestDrive, to equip youth with skills to navigate social media safely. The platform uses conversational AI tools to provide instant feedback and interactive simulations, empowering students to be 'upstanders' against cyberbullying.
A study by Konstanz biologists reveals that the moths use visual feedback to move and correct the movement of their proboscis, similar to humans grasping objects. The animals' efficient way of working is also great models for applied research in robotics and understanding the visual control of appendages.
Researchers identified two probiotic strains that promote weight loss in obese dogs. The strains, Enterococcus faecium IDCC 2102 and Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301, reduced body fat percentage and improved intestinal microflora balance in dogs fed a high-fat diet.
A recent study found that high school students who use substances are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric symptoms. The study, published in JAMA Pediatrics, highlights the need for comprehensive screening, prevention, and intervention efforts to address mental health needs.
A study found that the 21-gene breast recurrence score test may underestimate chemotherapy benefits for young Black women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The researchers recommend lowering the test's cutoff point to ensure accurate treatment recommendations for all patients regardless of race or ethnicity.
A study reveals that consecutive atmospheric river events lead to significantly higher economic losses in California, tripling expected damages compared to standalone events. This is crucial for emergency and water managers balancing flood risks with water shortage needs.
Using optical traps, researchers controlled bacterial aggregation and biofilm development, finding different types of lasers can stimulate or suppress growth. The study opens up possibilities for creating microscopic building materials from bacteria.
Researcher Vijay Shah is developing a robust framework for comprehensive validation and testing of deployed Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) systems using distinctive power signatures and electromagnetic emanations. This technology has the potential to increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness in supply chain risk management.
Researchers at Pennington Biomedical aim to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting and calorie counting on healthspan. Participants in the DiAL-Health study will be compensated up to $2,500 for their involvement.
A pilot study proposes a promising global genomic assay for diagnosing molecular subtypes in pediatric B-ALL, leading to more accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment options. RNA sequencing analysis accurately identified subtypes in all known cases and determined genetic subtype in 79% of previously unknown cases.
A new CRISPR-based technology, TRED-I, has been developed to increase visibility of cancer cells to the immune system by augmenting MHC class I molecules. This technology has shown promising results in animal cancer models, reducing tumor sizes and enhancing treatment efficacy when used with existing immunotherapy.
Early data from Luxembourg's national immunisation campaign against severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 2023 showed a decline in hospitalisations, especially among infants under six months old. The authors attributed this to the administration of a monoclonal antibody, nirsevimab, shortly after birth. Additionally, the mean age...
A recent study published in the journal Blood revealed that hydroxyurea treatment resulted in a 60% reduction in severe or invasive infections among Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia. The findings provide powerful justification for hydroxyurea's use as a standard of care in Africa, which could ultimately save countless lives.
Physicists at Leipzig University have developed a neural network that uses active colloidal particles for artificial intelligence. The system reduces noise and increases efficiency in calculations by utilizing past states of the reservoir.
The study found that different instrumental systems in the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) complement each other and are essential for accurately monitoring ocean warming. The GOOS, which includes platforms such as free drifting instrumented floats, mooring buoys, and autonomous pinniped data, provides a comprehensive view of ocea...
Researchers have successfully carried out high-precision x-ray spectroscopy on helium-like uranium, disentangling one-electron and two-electron quantum electrodynamics effects. The measurement achieves an accuracy of 37 parts per million, setting a new benchmark for QED in the strong field domain.
A recent study by University of Missouri researcher Knoo Lee found that school nurses are well-positioned to identify students at-risk for chronic school absenteeism. Students who have many partial-day absences often proactively seek out school nurses as a source of comfort and support, presenting an opportunity for intervention before...
New research reveals nitrogen fertilizers affect predatory protists more than other groups, changing trophic interactions and prey populations. This study provides crucial insights into sustainable soil fertility and rice production.
A new study found that the spatial arrangement of plants in drylands can be a sign of environmental degradation. Healthy ecosystems adjust their structure to cope with stressors, but degraded ones lose this adaptability and become more prone to further decline.
A Scripps Research team identified the energetic reactions in brain cells that malfunction and lead to neurodegeneration. They successfully restored many neuron-to-neuron connections in nerve cell models derived from human Alzheimer's patient stem cells by addressing a bottleneck in mitochondrial energy production.
Researchers create multipurpose nanosheets with reduced defects for consumer electronics, enabling a sustainable manufacturing approach. The new method overcomes stacking defects by skipping serial stacked sheet approaches, resulting in self-assembling, long-lasting, and recyclable materials.
The development of a compact microchip laser system paves the way for simple benchtop preparation and direct use of metal nanoparticles in catalytic reactions. The study reveals that the microchip laser exhibits high ablation efficiency despite having smaller pulse energy compared to conventional lasers, making it an attractive alterna...
A new study by USC Dornsife researchers found that Chinese citizens express stronger negative views about the Communist Party and its policies when surveying anonymously. This reveals a significant drop in citizen support, with traditional surveys overestimating support by up to 28.5 percentage points.
The Global Climate Science-Media Action Pledge aims to ensure scientifically accurate, accessible, and actionable climate change communications. Nearly 30 leading professional societies and media organizations from around the world have committed to this pledge.