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Science News for January 9, 2024


Agility in cultural heritage management—Advancing competence within uncertainty as a sustainable and resilient adaptation to processes of dynamic change

This article explores the need for cultural heritage professionals to develop competencies in dealing with uncertainty. It advocates for a systemic understanding of cultural heritage as a prerequisite for sustainable adaptation to current challenges.

SourceHigher Education Press·JournalLandscape Architecture Frontiers·TypeCase study·DateJan 9, 2024

Injectable hydrogel electrodes open door to a novel painless treatment regimen for arrhythmia

Researchers develop injectable hydrogel electrodes for treating ventricular arrhythmia, providing a potential solution to painful defibrillation and improving quality of life. The novel pacing modality addresses the pathophysiology of re-entrant arrhythmia and offers a promising alternative to existing therapies.

SourceTexas Heart Institute·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Epigenetic therapy shows promise for endocrine-resistant breast cancer

Researchers at the Garvan Institute discovered that epigenetic changes called DNA methylation underpin endocrine resistance in breast cancers. By reversing this methylation, they successfully reduced cancer growth in patient-derived animal models using a low dose of the epigenetic therapy drug decitabine.

SourceGarvan Institute of Medical Research·JournalNature Structural & Molecular Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Kessler Foundation receives two federal grants to further new research on autism and outcomes and assessment for people with disabilities

The Kessler Foundation has received two significant grants from NIDILRR to fund research initiatives focused on enhancing employment opportunities for adults on the autism spectrum. A strength-based tool will be developed to help individuals identify and confidently express their strengths, improving job interview skills and employment...

Liver transplantation becomes a 9-to-5 operation due to perfusion machine

Researchers at UMCG have successfully performed liver transplants after prolonged preservation using a perfusion machine, showing similar outcomes to immediate transplants. The new method allows for safer and more efficient liver transplantation during the day, reducing complications and mortality rates.

SourceUniversitair Medisch Centrum Groningen·JournalEClinicalMedicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJan 9, 2024

Unlocking the secrets of a "hot Saturn" and its spotted star

Researchers used the James Webb Space Telescope to analyze the atmospheric composition of HAT-P-18 b, detecting water vapour and carbon dioxide. They also found a cloud deck that mutes the signals of many molecules, and their findings suggest the star's surface is covered by dark spots. The study highlights the importance of considerin...

SourceUniversity of Montreal·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateJan 9, 2024

New study unveils machine learning-aided non-invasive imaging for rapid liver fat visualization

A new study introduces a machine learning-aided non-invasive imaging technique that can rapidly visualize liver fat distribution, enabling early diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. The method uses near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and machine learning to differentiate between types of lipids in the liver.

SourceTokyo University of Science·JournalScientific Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Different pain types in multiple sclerosis can cause difficulty staying active

Research from Michigan Medicine found that widespread pain with nociplastic features can make physical activity challenging for patients with multiple sclerosis. The study suggests tailoring exercise plans to individual needs by considering underlying pain mechanisms, aiming to maintain functional independence and reduce pain intensity.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJournal of Pain·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJan 9, 2024

Researchers reveal significance of rare-earth circular economy in promoting global low-carbon transition

A recent study reveals that rare earth elements play a critical role in manufacturing low-carbon products. The researchers found a significant mismatch between supply and demand for heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium, but also highlight the potential of circular economy strategies to balance global REE supply.

SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalNature Geoscience·DateJan 9, 2024

Largest diversity study of ‘magic mushrooms’ investigates the evolution of psychoactive psilocybin production

Researchers have sequenced 52 Psilocybe specimens, including 39 species previously unsequenced, to understand the evolution of psychoactive psilocybin production. The study reveals two distinct gene orders within the psilocybin-producing gene cluster, suggesting an ancient split in the genus.

SourceUniversity of Utah·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Scientists outline a bold solution to climate change, biodiversity loss, social injustice

A novel dataset is used to propose a 'restorative' pathway through which humanity can avoid the worst ecological and social outcomes of climate change. The scenario emphasizes social and economic justice as well as environmental sustainability, and offers a contrast to other climate scenarios that may be more aligned with the status quo.

SourceOregon State University·JournalEnvironmental Research Letters·TypeLiterature review·DateJan 9, 2024

Severe MS predicted using machine learning

A combination of 11 proteins can predict long-term disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis, making it possible to tailor treatments to individual patients. The study identified a specific protein, neurofilament light chain, as a reliable biomarker for disease activity.

SourceLinköping University·JournalNature Communications·TypeObservational study·DateJan 9, 2024

Chemists develop new approach to inserting single carbon atoms

Researchers have developed a precise and efficient tool using 'single atom skeletal editing' to insert single carbon atoms into cyclic compounds, enabling ring size adjustment from five to six-membered rings. This approach opens up the way for designing and modifying complex molecular structures with potential industrial applications i...

SourceUniversity of Münster·JournalNature Catalysis·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Analysis of rowing force of the water strider middle leg by direct measurement using a bio-appropriating probe and by indirect measurement using image analysis

A new study directly measures the rowing force of a water strider's middle leg using a bio-appropriating probe, obtaining a force of 955 µN. Indirect measurement via image analysis yields a lower force of 488 µN. The study enhances understanding of water repellency and applications in biomechanics and biology.

SourceBeijing Institute of Technology Press Co., Ltd·JournalCyborg and Bionic Systems·DateJan 9, 2024

A new method based on computational time series analysis allows the estimation of exercise thresholds

A new method allows for the estimation of exercise thresholds based on dynamical correlation properties of heart rate variability, optimizing athlete training and injury prevention. This method utilizes heartbeat interval measurements from sports watches and heart rate monitors, providing a reliable alternative to current methods.

SourceTampere University·JournalFrontiers in Physiology·DateJan 9, 2024

The hidden identity of leukemia

Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University characterize myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL) using multiomics approaches, revealing distinct molecular features. This work provides crucial details for accurate diagnoses and therapeutic decisions.

SourceTokyo Medical and Dental University·JournalScience Advances·DateJan 9, 2024

Systemic changes induced by ASCOT in plasma proteome of women with impaired ovarian reserves

Researchers found that ASCOT reverses some age-related protein expression changes, enriching processes related to the complement cascade and immune system in patients with poor ovarian response. In contrast, patients with premature ovarian insufficiency showed enrichment in responses to oxygen-containing compounds and growth hormones.

SourceImpact Journals LLC·JournalAging-US·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Perinatal depression and risk of suicidal behavior

Women with perinatal depression are at a heightened risk of suicidal behavior, particularly in the first year after diagnosis, with persistent elevations throughout 18 years of follow-up. The study emphasizes the need for vigilant clinical monitoring to support this vulnerable group.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateJan 9, 2024

The rock that creates clouds

Researchers at TU Wien discovered that feldspar's unique surface geometry provides the perfect anchoring point for water molecules, enabling efficient cloud formation. The hydroxyl layer formed on the feldspar surface allows water molecules to stick and freeze, forming clouds.

SourceVienna University of Technology·JournalThe Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·DateJan 9, 2024

Inspired by Greek mythology, this potential drug shows promise for vanquishing Parkinson’s RNA in early studies

A potential Parkinson's medicine, Syn-RiboTAC, targets RNA to slow or stop disease progression by preventing the buildup of toxic protein alpha-synuclein. In early studies, reducing alpha-synuclein levels by even 25% or more is therapeutically beneficial, with the compound showing good selectivity and improved brain-barrier penetration.

SourceUF Health·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

New research identifies renowned rock art sites ‘chosen’ for vantage

Researchers have identified internationally significant rock art sites in Arnhem Land that were intentionally selected for their critical vantage points. The Flinders University research team used innovative methods to model the environmental conditions 15,000-28,000 years ago, shedding new light on the locations and roles of these sites.

SourceFlinders University·JournalArchaeological and Anthropological Sciences·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJan 9, 2024

Nube, the almost invisible galaxy which challenges the dark matter model

The newly discovered galaxy Nube has a set of specific properties that distinguish it from previously known objects, including being ten times fainter and ten times more extended than other dwarf galaxies. Its unusual characteristics challenge the current understanding of the universe, particularly the dark matter model.

SourceInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·TypeNews article·DateJan 9, 2024

Study reveals key molecular mechanisms involved in development of tomato plant

The study shows how interaction between plant hormone gibberellin and small RNA molecules enables the development of ovaries, followed by fruit and seeds in tomatoes. This knowledge serves as a basis for ways to increase tomato yield by manipulating the genetic and physiological basis of microRNA and hormone interactions.

Train your brain to overcome tinnitus

A new app, MindEar, has shown promising results in reducing tinnitus symptoms in just weeks through a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and relaxation exercises. The app is now available for individuals to trial on their smartphones, offering hope for millions affected by tinnitus.

SourceMindEar·JournalFrontiers in Audiology and Otology·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJan 9, 2024

War on bugs can’t be won, York U researchers declare

Researchers with York University's Global Strategy Lab argue that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be reframed as a sustainability issue. The team introduces five principles for designing institutions to minimize drug resistance and outlines the need for a new approach to tackle the growing global threat.

SourceYork University·JournalPerspectives on Politics·DateJan 9, 2024

Duke-NUS scientists discover potential nasal COVID-19 vaccine candidate that offers better and longer protection

Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School have discovered a potential intranasal vaccine candidate that provides improved, longer-lasting immunity against COVID-19. The vaccine boosts mucosal antibody response and enhances long-term immune protection through preferential induction of airway-resident T cells and central memory T cells.

SourceDuke-NUS Medical School·JournalEBioMedicine·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Traumatic stress associated with smaller brain region

A study from Duke University found that people with PTSD have a significantly smaller cerebellum, especially in areas related to emotion and memory. Researchers hope this discovery will lead to targeted treatments and more research on the brain region's role in PTSD.

SourceDuke University·JournalMolecular Psychiatry·TypeObservational study·DateJan 9, 2024

Green wheels, bright skies: NREL analysis unveils the connection between electric vehicles and photovoltaics

Researchers at NREL found a correlation between electric vehicle ownership and the adoption of solar panels, with EV owners more likely to invest in photovoltaics. The study suggests that the two technologies have complementary nature, playing a pivotal role in energy systems resiliency.

SourceDOE/National Renewable Energy Laboratory·JournalRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews·TypeMeta-analysis·DateJan 9, 2024

The first domino falls for redox reactions

Researchers have successfully transmitted a domino effect in redox reactions for the first time. The new mechanism involves a two-part molecule that undergoes structural changes upon oxidation, triggering further oxidation in neighboring groups. This discovery has potential applications in nanoscale computing and energy systems.

SourceHokkaido University·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

City of Hope Children’s Cancer Center, Children’s Oncology Group conduct largest clinical trial seeking to prevent heart failure among childhood cancer survivors

A Phase 2B clinical trial, led by City of Hope, found that carvedilol may improve heart health markers and reduce the risk of heart failure in childhood cancer survivors. The study suggests that carvedilol could benefit long-term survivors and those who are highly adherent to the treatment.

SourceCity of Hope·JournalThe Lancet Oncology·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJan 9, 2024

Spin effects of iron catalysts

Researchers discovered a novel mechanism where iron catalysts modulate reactivity and selectivity through spin state changes. The study found that spin-delocalization interactions between iron and the ligand regulate the spin and oxidation states of the iron center.

SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateJan 9, 2024

Hospitalizations for scooter injuries nearly tripled in the US between 2016 and 2020, UCLA-led research finds

Scooter-related injuries in the US nearly tripled from 2016 to 2020, resulting in more severe injuries and higher healthcare costs. The study found that scooter riders were more likely to experience long bone fractures and paralysis than bicycle riders.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJournal of the American College of Surgeons·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJan 9, 2024

Acidity of Antarctic waters could double by century’s end, threatening biodiversity

The acidity of Antarctic coastal waters is projected to increase by over 100% by 2100, posing a significant threat to marine biodiversity. The Southern Ocean, surrounding Antarctica, is particularly susceptible to acidification, with the world's largest Marine Protected Area, Ross Sea region, expected to see a 104% increase in acidity.

SourceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder·JournalNature Communications·DateJan 9, 2024

Unique framework of tin bimetal organic compound facilitates stable lithium-ion storage

Researchers created a unique MOF made of Sn, Ti and EG that leverages the beneficial characteristics of each component to create a more stable anode material with high electrochemical performance. The new anode material demonstrates excellent stability and high specific capacity after numerous charging and discharging cycles.

SourceTsinghua University Press·JournalEnergy Materials and Devices·DateJan 9, 2024

Multidisciplinary panel advocates for increased adoption of Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) in peripheral vascular interventions

Experts recommend increasing the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in lower extremity revascularization procedures to optimize outcomes and reduce complications. The technique provides detailed information about vessel walls, plaque composition, and blood flow characteristics, enabling more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

SourceSociety for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions·JournalJournal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions·DateJan 9, 2024

“Not everyone has the same number of friends” – Overhaul epidemic modelling to include social networks, says new research

A new study from the University of Birmingham suggests that epidemic modeling can significantly overestimate infection numbers due to ignoring network structures. The researchers found that heterogeneous networks can lead to smaller epidemic waves and fewer infections, contradicting standard 'random mixing' models.

SourceUniversity of Birmingham·JournalJournal of Physics Complexity·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJan 9, 2024

Shape matters: How microplastic travels that far

A new study reveals that microplastic fibers settle substantially slower than spherical particles in the atmosphere, allowing them to reach remote regions such as Arctic glaciers. The research suggests that these fibers could even reach the stratosphere, with potential implications for cloud processes and ozone depletion.

SourceMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 9, 2024

Status report on emerging photovoltaic technology published by SPIE Journal of Photonics for Energy

The report highlights key applications and pathways to commercialization for emerging PV technologies, including new materials and device concepts. It also discusses strategies to exceed current limits in solar PV energy conversion and challenges facing efforts to scale up globally.

SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalJournal of Photonics for Energy·DateJan 9, 2024

Exposure to air pollution associated with increase in sedentary time, study finds

A recent study has found a significant association between long-term exposure to UK air pollution and an increase in sedentary time. The research, published in the Journal of Public Health, suggests that high levels of air pollution may contribute to poorer health outcomes by encouraging sitting time indoors and discouraging active tim...

SourceUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust·JournalJournal of Public Health·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJan 9, 2024