Researchers explore the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and improving sensitivity to radiation therapy for lung cancer. TCM compounds, such as oridonin and ginsenoside Rg5, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and radiosensitizing properties.
A University of Kentucky team studied macrophages in spiny mice to see how they contribute to regenerative healing. They found that specific proteins released by these cells promote tissue rebuilding and growth, suggesting a potential key to triggering regeneration in humans. The study's findings may lead to new treatments for injuries...
Researchers found that the life expectancy of AIAN individuals is seven years less than that of White populations, with rapid increases in suicide mortality rates between 1999 and 2020. The study suggests historical trauma and ongoing inequality contribute to high suicide rates among AIAN people.
Sponges exhibit coordinated movements despite lacking muscles or neurons, attributed to relaxation of stress fibres triggered by an evolutionarily ancient inflammation-like mechanism. This process also regulates human blood vessel contraction, influencing blood pressure.
Research in Kenya's Ol Pejeta Conservancy reveals invasive big-headed ants have reduced lions' effectiveness at killing zebras. Lions now primarily target African buffalo instead, maintaining population stability.
Leading scientists propose a new global advisory system to address the alarming impacts of urban expansion, which would fulfil a similar function as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The system aims to manage sustainable growth of cities and protect vital Earth systems.
A team of scientists found evidence that the moon's shrinkage led to surface warping in its south polar region, including areas proposed for crewed Artemis III landings. Shallow moonquakes can devastate hypothetical human settlements on the moon due to loose sediments and unstable surface slopes.
Researchers at UMass Amherst develop graphene-based tattoos to measure cortisol and other biomarkers in sweat. The technology has the potential to provide insights into overall health and serve as a tool for early disease detection, enabling personalized healthcare.
Researchers developed a new energy-efficient way to generate highly focused and finely controlled X-rays. The novel method uses electron waveshaping to produce X-rays with increased intensity and tunability.
Researchers assess vamorolone's promise in treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy, finding similar efficacy to prednisone but some reduced adverse side effects. However, further investigation is needed on its cost and mechanisms of action.
A new study confirms that the predominant outcome of non-fatal pediatric drowning is locked-in syndrome. Researchers found that 60% of children who survived drowning events were classified as locked in, with cognitive and sensory networks preserved in their brains.
Researchers developed a graft polymerization technique to create thermally stable and long-lasting lithium-ion batteries by improving separator performance. The new method outperforms other coating methods in cell performance, showing promise for creating high-safety lithium batteries.
Researchers have updated the lunar time scale to reflect advances in understanding the Moon's evolution after the Apollo era. The new scheme divides the Moon's history into three distinct phases: Eolunarian Eon, Paleolunarian Eon, and Neolunarian Eon.
A Swiss-Polish team has found the answer to why previous attempts to use magnesium hydride for efficient hydrogen storage failed. The researchers developed a new model that predicts local, thermodynamically stable clusters are formed in magnesium during hydrogen injection, reducing hydrogen ion mobility.
A European study links agricultural activities with West Nile virus emergence and spread, as well as urbanization and migratory bird patterns. The study highlights the need for enhanced surveillance in Central Europe.
A new study funded by NIHR has led to the UK government approving digital pathology for cancer screening samples. This technology enables faster reporting and improved care for patients with bowel, breast, lung, and cervical cancers. The use of digital pathology will help reduce risk of sample loss or damage and allow pathologists to r...
The American College of Radiology has issued a joint statement with four other radiology societies to address the development and use of AI tools in radiology. The statement emphasizes the need for increased monitoring of AI utility and safety, advocating for collaboration among developers, clinicians, purchasers, and regulators.
A international academic consortium has identified 13 biomarkers that significantly improve the ability to accurately predict cardiovascular disease risk in people with type 2 diabetes. The standout biomarker was N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which is currently used to monitor heart failure status in patients.
Researchers found that permeable pavements can capture tire-associated chemicals, resulting in a 68% average reduction of the toxic contaminant 6PPD-quinone. The technology has vast potential to protect salmon populations and human health.
Middle-aged women exposed to toxic metals have fewer eggs in their ovaries as they approach menopause, according to a new study. The researchers found that higher levels of heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium are associated with lower Anti-Müllerian hormone levels, indicating diminished ovarian reserve.
Researchers found that when participants had more self-compassionate responses to their lapse, they reported better mood and self-control over their eating and exercise behavior. Practicing self-compassion can help individuals become less demoralized by setbacks and quickly resume pursuing weight loss goals.
A new study of early Bronze Age examples from Luxembourg and Britain provides insights into family relationships in prehistoric communities. Genetic evidence reveals that children were buried with their biological mothers, suggesting a patrilineal descent system.
A new brain pathway has been discovered linking motivation, addiction, and disease, with the cerebellum playing a crucial role. The basal ganglia and cerebellum are traditionally thought to function independently, but this connection may change our understanding of voluntary movements and conditioned learning.
Smallholder farmers in four African countries experienced reduced crop losses and higher incomes after receiving pest alerts generated using earth observation data. The Pest Risk Information Service (PRISE) project demonstrated a positive impact on farmers' livelihoods, with benefits more pronounced for male-headed households.
A recent study by Megan He and colleagues finds that traditional methods for estimating pollution in the Canadian oil sands can be severely inaccurate, with actual emissions exceeding industry values by up to 6300%. The research highlights the need for more comprehensive monitoring of organic carbon emissions from oil sands operations.
Researchers found that male antechinus reduce their sleep by 3 hours per night for 3 weeks to focus on mating and reproduction. The study suggests that the marsupials may have a unique ability to thrive with reduced sleep, but the exact mechanisms behind this adaptation are unclear.
An international research team developed a novel scoring system, called the Phoenix Sepsis Score, to diagnose sepsis in children. The scoring system enables physicians to quickly determine the severity of organ failure, leading to improved outcomes for affected children.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a universal method for producing functional 3D metallic and semiconductor nanostructures using DNA. The new method produces robust nanostructures from multiple material classes, opening opportunities for 3D nanoscale manufacturing.
A recent study published in Allergy found that climate change has negative effects on atopic dermatitis, including increased inflammation from air pollution and stress from droughts. The researchers called for further research to address the impact of multiple climatic factors on eczema incidence and prevalence.
Researchers found that immune system proteins in breast milk protect offspring by shaping gut microbiota, making them less susceptible to certain disease-causing bacteria. The study demonstrates a critical role for breast milk complement proteins in promoting infant health and defending against bacterial infections.
A recent study by University of Missouri researcher Mansoo Yu found that online weight loss interventions with counseling and social support are effective for middle-aged adults with obesity. The study identified two key features: professional health coaching and access to social support from other users, which led to significant long-...
Researchers have discovered genetic material of the pathogen Treponema pallidum in ancient Brazilian bones, indicating that humans suffered from diseases akin to syphilis over 2,000 years ago. This finding challenges existing theories about the spread of syphilis by Spanish conquistadors and suggests that treponematoses were already pr...
A new study found that FDG PET/CT imaging after just one week can predict treatment response in patients with advanced melanoma. The study identified metabolic changes in tumors that corresponded with treatment response and progression-free survival.
A study published in The British Journal of Nutrition found that kiwifruit supplementation improved vitality and mood within four days, peaking around 14-16 days. Vitamin C intake also showed benefits, but to a lesser extent, improving mood until day 12.
Researchers analyzed settlement patterns on the Ordos Plateau from Neolithic to present, finding they clustered in southern and eastern areas less affected by deserts. Settlement sizes varied with fractal characteristics indicating agglomerated pattern, influenced by natural factors and human activities.
Researchers found that high levels of FSP1 are associated with relapse after cisplatin treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Targeting FSP1 can attenuate tumor stemness and downregulate invasion and metastatic rates, suggesting a potential new approach for treating drug-tolerant persister cancer cells.
A Michigan Medicine-led study found that patients with functional seizures have a death rate almost 2.5 times higher than expected, comparable to epilepsy and serious mental health conditions. The study highlights the need for improved access to holistic, multidisciplinary treatment for functional neurological disorders.
Chinese researchers investigated the causes and consequences of biological invasions, tackling questions on genetics, nutrient pollution, and online trade. The 24 articles highlight valuable insights into future biological invasion research coming out of China.
A research team at the University of Göttingen has discovered 'protective switches' in the SARS-CoV-2 virus that shield it from attacks by the immune system. These molecular structures were found to stabilize the protein's structure against oxidative damage, allowing the virus to replicate effectively.
A research team led by HKU physicists has introduced a solution to address optical loss in polariton propagation using synthetic complex frequency waves. This approach enables more efficient light-based devices, improved accuracy in sensors and imaging techniques, and enhanced nanophotonic circuits.
A study in PLOS ONE suggests that Galápagos penguins may accumulate microplastics at a high rate within their food web, with the excretion rate playing a key role. The research uses modeling to simulate microplastic movement through the Galápagos penguin ecosystem and highlights the potential for biomagnification across trophic levels.
A new study reveals high concentrations of PFAS in micro-estuaries, posing significant risks to the environment and human health. The research emphasizes the need for targeted environmental management strategies to protect these critical ecosystems.
Research reveals humpback whales shift their daily singing patterns away from shore, returning to nearshore in the evening to minimize interference. This dynamic behavior may help increase the efficiency of their acoustic display.
Researchers develop nanofibrous matrices containing MXene nanoparticles to aid in muscle regeneration. The study reveals molecular mechanisms behind the effects of MXene nanoparticles on muscle growth, suggesting a promising avenue for treating volumetric muscle loss and muscle-related ailments.
Women following vegan diets during pregnancy may face increased risks of preeclampsia and lower birth weights compared to omnivorous mothers. A recent study found that micronutrient intake was lower among vegans but no major differences were observed when supplements were considered.
Researchers discover a virus, MERVL, plays a critical role in embryonic development by regulating gene expression and ensuring smooth transition from totipotency to pluripotency. This finding has significant implications for regenerative medicine and artificial embryo creation.
A study found that most people in Britain and the USA choose white men as their heroes, with women and people of color often being overlooked. Only 1 in 4 Britons and 1 in 5 Americans said they had a heroine, highlighting a persistent gap between prominent white male heroes and forgotten heroines.
A new UCF study found that the 2018 Florida red tide bloom caused $2.7 billion in losses to tourism-related businesses, with low concentrations having a significant economic impact. The research highlights the importance of risk management tools for individuals and businesses affected by harmful algae blooms.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and UCL have identified a gene that causes heart defects in Down syndrome, a condition resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Reducing the overactivity of this gene partially reversed these defects in mice, setting the scene for potential future therapies.
Researchers at Purdue University have received funding from the Trask Innovation Fund to develop innovative solutions for blood clot removal, home energy management, and pipeline safety. The projects aim to enhance commercial value of their patent-pending intellectual property and improve public health outcomes.
Researchers discovered two nanoscale effects that influence bubble stiffness, leading to better predictions and design of nanobubbles for water treatment and surface cleaning. The study found a better model to describe their dynamics, enabling more efficient and precise cleaning processes.
A new study finds that infants born full-term to mothers infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy are three times more likely to develop respiratory distress compared to uninfected infants. Vaccination prior to infection was found to be protective, reducing the risk by half.
A new oviraptorosaur species was found in the end-Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation of North America. The dinosaur weighed approximately the same as an average woman, providing valuable insights into its biology and ecosystem.
Researchers discovered how HIV enters the cell's centre by mimicking host proteins, enabling it to produce genetic copies and infect other cells. The study provides insight into host-pathogen interactions beyond HIV biology.
Researchers have developed a new III-V semiconductor nanocavity that confines light at levels below the diffraction limit, enabling fast data transmission and reduced energy consumption. The achievement demonstrates deep sub-wavelength confinement of light in a topology-optimized InP nanocavity.
Researchers simulated how methane travels through underground fractures and is released into the atmosphere, predicting pulses just before Martian sunrise in the northern summer season. This corroborates previous rover data suggesting daily methane level fluctuations. The study informs the Curiosity rover's ongoing sampling campaign.
Researchers have developed an ultrasound method to predict preterm births by analyzing microstructural changes in a woman's cervix. The study found that this approach is effective at predicting risk during first-time pregnancies and combining data with delivery history for subsequent pregnancies.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a new lithium battery that can charge in under five minutes while maintaining stable performance over extended cycles. The breakthrough could alleviate range anxiety among drivers who worry about electric vehicle charging time.
A new study finds that most people take steps to prevent snakebites, but the measures taken don't always reflect evidence-based advice. Promoting locally practical methods could save many lives, especially in rural areas where snakes are more common.
Researchers at UC San Diego used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to observe anomalous terahertz light amplification in Ta2NiSe5, uncovering its exciton condensate properties. This technique may allow for the discovery of new light-induced phenomena and their potential applications in entangled light sources.