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Science News for July 2, 2024


E-cigarette use and lung cancer screening uptake

A cross-sectional study found that e-cigarette users were less likely to undergo lung cancer screening. The research suggests that e-cigarettes contain carcinogens and may cause similar gene deregulations as combustible tobacco. This association may be particularly concerning for individuals who have quit smoking combustible cigarettes.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateJul 2, 2024

Study identifies highly soluble molecules with superior antioxidant benefits for cells

Researchers have identified two highly soluble molecules with superior antioxidant benefits for cells, which could help prevent and manage certain degenerative diseases by maintaining lower levels of harmful free radicals. The study suggests that these molecules can transfer and accumulate in membranes, reducing the risk of cell damage.

SourceUniversidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche·JournalFree Radical Biology and Medicine·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJul 2, 2024

A new target for treatment of one type of macular degeneration

Researchers found that inhibiting telomerase, an enzyme related to cell growth and division, can suppress abnormal vascular growth in the retina. This discovery provides a potential alternative treatment option for wet AMD, which is currently treated with anti-VEGF injections.

SourceOhio State University·JournalBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

An alternative way to manipulate quantum states

Researchers at ETH Zurich have successfully manipulated quantum states of single electron spins using spin-polarized currents. This method, which bypasses traditional electromagnetic fields, has the potential to control quantum states with unprecedented precision and localizability.

SourceETH Zurich·JournalScience·DateJul 2, 2024

iFAB awarded $51 million EDA Tech Hubs grant to propel Central Illinois as a biomanufacturing leader

The Illinois Fermentation and Agriculture Biomanufacturing (iFAB) Tech Hub has been awarded a $51 million EDA grant to position Central Illinois as a global leader in biomanufacturing and precision fermentation. The grant will support the growth of biomanufacturing businesses, creating jobs and driving economic growth.

Prosocial influencers can promote societal cooperation

A modeling study suggests that prosocial behaviors can arise and be maintained in large societies through various mechanisms, including influencers who recruit neighbors to cooperate. The strategy produced similar results as strong leadership that prevents detected defectors from defecting again.

SourcePNAS Nexus·JournalPNAS Nexus·DateJul 2, 2024

Study shows hairy skin does not become less sensitive with age

Researchers found that touch sensitivity declines only in hairless skin regions with age, such as the hands, while hairy areas like cheeks remain sensitive. The study suggests that hairy skin may act as an antenna to transmit mechanical stimuli and preserve touch sensitivity.

SourceFrontiers·JournalFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

Potential new target for early treatment of Alzheimer's disease

A study found that targeting heparan sulfate-modified proteins improves cell repair, rescues neuron loss and reverses cellular changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Disrupting these proteins promotes autophagy-dependent cell repair and reverses early cellular problems in models of Alzheimer's.

SourcePenn State·JournaliScience·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

True scale of carbon impact from long-distance travel revealed

Long-distance travel has a substantial carbon footprint, with journeys over 50 miles accounting for 70% of emissions. Research suggests targeting long-distance travel may be more effective than current efforts to reduce emissions. Changing behavior and policy can maximize reductions in carbon emissions from passenger travel.

SourceUniversity of Leeds·JournalNature Energy·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 2, 2024

How dust pollution from shrinking Great Salt Lake affects communities disproportionately

Research highlights that wind-carried dust from the exposed bed of the Great Salt Lake is affecting Pacific Islanders and Hispanics disproportionately, with lower exposure levels among white people. Restoring the lake to a healthy water level could reduce these disparities, delivering ecological and economic benefits.

SourceUniversity of Utah·JournalOne Earth·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJul 2, 2024

Study explores what motivates people to watch footage of disasters and extreme weather

Researchers analyzed live-streams of hurricanes and storms, finding that people in affected areas used streams to discuss official risk advice and show support to impacted regions. The study highlights the importance of understanding how new technologies influence hazard risk perception and community engagement.

SourceUniversity of Plymouth·JournalEnvironmental Hazards·TypeObservational study·DateJul 2, 2024

Novel method enhances size-controlled production of luminescent quantum dots

Researchers at the University of São Paulo developed a novel approach to monitoring quantum dot formation, enabling real-time control over nanoparticle growth and precise emission color. This technique has several advantages over conventional synthesis strategies, including reduced waste and improved equipment efficiency.

Groundbreaking approach to sleep study expands potential of sleep medicine

Researchers at the University of Houston have introduced a new method for sleep stage classification that can be performed at home and uses only two leads. This approach achieves expert-level agreement with the gold-standard polysomnography without expensive equipment, paving the way for more accessible and cost-effective sleep studies.

SourceUniversity of Houston·JournalComputers in Biology and Medicine·DateJul 2, 2024

Regulation needed to curb favoritism between countries and credit rating agencies, new research suggests

Countries rated more highly when their finance ministers know top executives in credit ratings agencies, reveals new research led by Heriot-Watt University. Developing countries benefit seven times more from higher ratings than developed counterparts due to professional connections.

SourceHeriot-Watt University·JournalJournal of International Financial Markets Institutions and Money·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 2, 2024

Safer, swifter, smaller scar: new brain surgery approach targets difficult tumors at skull base

Researchers have developed a minimally invasive surgical technique to remove lesions in the skull base region, reducing damage to the brain and preserving neurological functions. The endoscopic approach results in shorter operative times and less blood loss compared to conventional microscopic surgery.

SourceOsaka Metropolitan University·JournalJournal of Neurosurgery·TypeCase study·DateJul 2, 2024

Research shows how RNA 'junk' controls our genes

Researchers at Arizona State University created a detailed map of the 3'UTR regions of RNA in C. elegans, revealing crucial elements for gene regulation and protein production. The study provides valuable insights into the machinery of gene control, shedding light on fundamental biological processes essential to human health and disease.

SourceArizona State University·JournalNucleic Acids Research·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

Study finds health care providers would recommend human papillomavirus self-collection

A study conducted by Boston University School of Medicine reveals that more than half of healthcare providers would recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection to their patients if FDA-approved. This technology could help reduce barriers to access and personal medical conditions related to cervical cancer screening.

SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalWomen s Health Issues·TypeSurvey·DateJul 2, 2024

Financial incentives double smoking cessation rate for people with socioeconomic challenges

A University of Oklahoma study finds that offering small financial incentives to smokers with low socioeconomic status can double their quit rates. The study's findings come from a clinical trial where participants who received pharmacotherapy, counseling, and financial incentives had significantly higher smoking cessation rates.

SourceUniversity of Oklahoma·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJul 2, 2024

Splicing it all together in the fight against cancer

Researchers at Osaka University have developed molecules that can correct improper splicing of a vital tumor suppressor gene in neuroendocrine cancers. The study demonstrates that these splice-switching oligonucleotides can significantly reduce viable cancer cells and tumor size in mice, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for intr...

SourceOsaka University·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

Unveiling the genetic secrets of Musa ornata and Musa velutina: insights into pericarp dehiscence and anthocyanin biosynthesis

Researchers completed chromosome-level genome assemblies for Musa ornata and Musa velutina, shedding light on genetic underpinnings of pericarp dehiscence and anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study advances knowledge of these species and lays the foundation for future breeding efforts to enhance ornamental traits.

Medical boards often lenient on doctors overprescribing opioids, research finds

A recent study found that US medical boards are often lenient when disciplining doctors for misconduct related to opioid overprescription. Researchers examined 100 cases and found that only six cases resulted in a doctor's license being revoked, with most receiving lighter disciplines such as temporary suspension or probation.

SourceCity St George’s, University of London·JournalOrganization Science·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 2, 2024

New class of cancer mutations discovered in so-called ‘junk’ DNA

A new study has identified potential cancer drivers hidden in so-called 'junk' regions of DNA, which could lead to early diagnosis and new treatments. The discovery reveals mutations in previously overlooked regions of the genome that may contribute to the formation and progression of at least 12 different cancers.

SourceGarvan Institute of Medical Research·JournalNucleic Acids Research·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

New study reveals significant risk of bankruptcy for Japanese professional football clubs

A new study found that nearly two-thirds of Japanese professional football clubs are at risk of bankruptcy, with many struggling to maintain financial stability. The research highlights the need for financial reforms and monitoring in the J-League, particularly among clubs with high levels of debt.

SourceUniversity of Portsmouth·JournalJournal of Applied Accounting Research·TypeLiterature review·DateJul 2, 2024

New regulations needed to limit impact of favouritism on country credit ratings

Research by economists at University of East Anglia and others found links between finance ministers and executives at biggest credit ratings agencies associated with higher ratings for countries without these connections, highlighting a conflict-of-interest problem in the credit ratings agency business model.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalJournal of International Financial Markets Institutions and Money·DateJul 2, 2024

KAIST employs image-recognition AI to determine battery composition and conditions​

A research team at KAIST has developed an AI-based methodology to predict the major elemental composition and charge-discharge state of NCM cathode materials with high accuracy using convolutional neural networks. The technology can analyze surface morphology images of batteries to determine their composition and lifespan.

SourceThe Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)·Journalnpj Computational Materials·TypeMeta-analysis·DateJul 2, 2024

Mount Sinai researchers unveil comprehensive youth diabetes dataset and interactive portal to boost research and prevention strategies

The Mount Sinai researchers have developed a comprehensive epidemiological dataset for youth diabetes and prediabetes research, derived from NHANES data collected from 1999 to 2018. The newly launched POND portal aims to facilitate an understanding of factors that may influence youth diabetes risk.

SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalJMIR Public Health and Surveillance·DateJul 2, 2024

Crucial gaps in climate risk assessment methods

A study by University of Zurich researchers identified critical shortcomings in current climate risk assessment methods, which often rely on simplified and proxy data. The new methodology provides a more accurate picture of climate risks, highlighting the need for granular data in risk assessments.

SourceUniversity of Zurich·JournalNature Communications·TypeMeta-analysis·DateJul 2, 2024

What do we need for better biodiversity monitoring in Europe?

A new study by iDiv-IIASA highlights the need for improved biodiversity monitoring in Europe, citing limitations such as fragmented efforts and lack of integrated data. The researchers identified key policy areas and solutions to address these challenges, including enhanced coordination, standardization, and stakeholder engagement.

American Indian/Alaska Native patients less likely to undergo breast reconstruction

A recent study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found that American Indian/Alaska Native women have consistently lower rates of breast reconstruction after mastectomy compared to non-Hispanic White women. The disparity persists despite an upward trend in reconstruction rates, with AI/AN women being nearly half less likel...

SourceWolters Kluwer Health·JournalPlastic & Reconstructive Surgery·DateJul 2, 2024

Upgraded durian genome reveals the role of chromosome reshuffling during ancestral karyotype evolution, lignin biosynthesis regulation, and stress tolerance

The study reconstructed an ancestral karyotype from 11 protochromosomes, showing that durian underwent chromosome reshuffling around 20 million years ago. The upgraded genome found expanded WGD genes enriched in lignin biosynthesis, promoting the development of characteristic fruit spines.

SourceScience China Press·JournalScience China Life Sciences·DateJul 2, 2024

A new breakthrough in understanding regeneration in a marine worm

A research team led by a CNRS scientist has observed that gut cells play a role in the regeneration of intestine and other tissues like muscle and epidermis. The study found that gut cell plasticity varies according to their location, with those closer to the posterior end rebuilding more diverse cell types.

SourceCNRS·JournalDevelopment·DateJul 2, 2024

Proteins and fats can drive insulin production for some, paving way for tailored nutrition

Researchers found that individual responses to proteins and fats can drive insulin production, challenging the long-held belief that fats have negligible effects on insulin release. This study has implications for tailored dietary guidance to manage blood sugar and insulin levels in individuals with diabetes or those at risk.

SourceUniversity of British Columbia·JournalCell Metabolism·TypeObservational study·DateJul 2, 2024

Optoelectronics gain spin control from chiral perovskites and III-V semiconductors

Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory have made advances in optoelectronics by integrating a III-V semiconductor optoelectronic structure with a chiral halide perovskite semiconductor. This breakthrough enables control over electron spin, which can be used to increase data processing speeds and decrease power consumption.

SourceDOE/National Renewable Energy Laboratory·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

SRI is developing a new malaria treatment that aims to protect from the disease

Researchers at SRI International have developed a novel injectable formulation for malaria treatment that provides months of protection against the disease. The formulation has shown to maintain high concentrations of the anti-malarial drug ELQ-331 in the bloodstream, overcoming issues with resistance and patient compliance.

SourceSRI International·JournalEuropean Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·DateJul 2, 2024

An out-of-Africa story hiding in our DNA

A recent study found that a genetic variant associated with obesity risk also influences thermogenesis in humans, suggesting an African origin story linked to adapting to cold environments. The research team analyzed the rs1421085 T>C variant and its correlation with human migration routes.

SourceHigher Education Press·JournalLife Metabolism·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

Dual inhibition of cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 on AKT signaling supresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

Researchers discovered that CREB3 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by suppressing AKT signaling through interaction with the insulin receptor and transcriptional activation of RBM38. Lower CREB3 expression in HCC tissues was associated with poorer outcomes.

SourceSichuan International Medical Exchange and Promotion Association·JournalMedComm·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

Advancing toward a preventative HIV vaccine

Researchers conducted four preclinical studies indicating they're closer to an immunization regimen that could produce rare antibodies effective against a wide range of HIV strains. The findings build on a 2022 phase I clinical trial and represent a key step forward in an immunization strategy that could protect against the virus.

SourceScripps Research Institute·JournalScience·DateJul 2, 2024

Subnormal serum liver enzyme levels

Subnormal serum liver enzyme levels can result from deficiencies in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (vitamin B6), as well as conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Recognizing these patterns is crucial for early diagnosis and management of diseases, allowing for targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.

SourceXia & He Publishing Inc.·JournalJournal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology·DateJul 2, 2024

USDA, university researchers develop near chromosome-level genome for the Mojave poppy bee

Scientists have developed a near chromosome-level genome for the Mojave poppy bee, which is a specialist pollinator of conservation concern. The genome assembly will help researchers understand the bee's biological traits, including host-plant specialization and susceptibility to pesticides.

SourceUS Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service·JournalJournal of Heredity·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024

Editorial: Genomics has more to reveal

A new editorial paper discusses molecular and cytogenetic analyses used to identify distinct subtypes of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Researchers found that around 15% of AML cases remain genetically unclassifiable, emphasizing the need for further research.

SourceImpact Journals LLC·JournalOncotarget·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateJul 2, 2024

Extreme temperatures becoming more common in Ireland, Maynooth University study finds

A recent study by Maynooth University has found that extreme temperatures in Ireland have increased significantly over the past few decades. The research reveals that temperature events of 33 degrees Celsius have become a regular occurrence, with some areas experiencing them every 9 years, up from once every 180 years in 1942.

SourceMaynooth University·JournalJournal Of The Royal Statistical Society·TypeObservational study·DateJul 2, 2024

The Mediterranean Diet is linked to lower risk of mortality in cancer survivors

An Italian study found that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet after a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced mortality, especially from cardiovascular disease. Participants who followed a high-Mediterranean-Diet pattern had a 32% lower risk of mortality compared to those with lower adherence.

SourceIstituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed I.R.C.C.S.·JournalJACC CardioOncology·TypeObservational study·DateJul 2, 2024

Watching others’ biased behavior unconsciously creates prejudice

Researchers at Universiteit van Amsterdam found that observing prejudiced individuals interact with group members can lead to the formation of similar prejudices. Observers often go on to act with prejudice without realizing they've been influenced, misperceiving worse behavior from group members who interacted with a prejudiced actor.

SourceUniversiteit van Amsterdam·JournalScience Advances·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 2, 2024