Researchers at Purdue University and NASA believe Ceres has a dirty ice crust and was once a muddy ocean world. The team used computer simulations to show that ice can be much stronger than previously predicted, contradicting the previous belief that Ceres was relatively dry.
Recent engineering efforts develop various sensors and devices for addressing challenges in personalized pain treatment. These intelligent sensors and devices offer real-time, accurate pain assessment and responsive treatment options.
A recent study found that naloxone was successful in improving clinical status in 54.1% of pediatric patients who received the antidote, and one-third received two or more doses. Naloxone administrations occurred most often in home settings, and boys were slightly more likely to receive the treatment.
Researchers used satellite images to derive a global dataset of river width data, expanding the understanding of at-a-station hydraulic geometry. The study found that a 1% increase in discharge leads to a median 0.2% increase in river width worldwide, with weaker responses in areas with cohesive soil and high forest coverage.
Live imaging techniques reveal that the secretory pathway plays a crucial role in de novo membrane formation, with Gip1 identified as a key molecule affecting this process. In Gip1-deficient cells, abnormal spore plasma membranes are formed due to defects in regenerating ER exit sites.
UCLA investigators presented data on chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, MRI-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer, and symptom self-reporting during treatment. Researchers developed a predictive model to identify patients most likely to respond to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.
A new study found that exclusively breastfed infants born in a Cincinnati hospital were 22% less likely to develop asthma, suggesting a link between early feeding patterns and long-term health outcomes. The research highlights the importance of supporting exclusive breastfeeding during the critical first days of life.
Scientists successfully synthesized cubic gauche nitrogen (cg-N) at atmospheric pressure using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique. The resulting material exhibits high-energy density and thermal stability, opening new avenues for future high-energy-density materials.
Researchers discovered a unique change in cardiac troponin I that enables shrews to achieve heart rates up to 17 beats per second. This evolutionary loss removes brakes on heart relaxation, allowing for faster heartbeats. The study provides insights into the evolution of high-heart-rate mammals and potential biomedicine applications.
Research on children in foster care with disabilities found that they are less likely to achieve a positive outcome like adoption or guardianship, and have a higher risk of mortality. Children with specific disabilities, such as intellectual disability, physical disability, and emotional disturbance, were particularly vulnerable.
A new method using shared segments within the genome has identified undiagnosed cases of Long QT syndrome, a rare disorder that can lead to abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death. The approach was developed by researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and applied to a DNA biobank to detect carriers of rare disease-ca...
The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine has released comprehensive guidelines for protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding in emergency situations. The recommendations aim to safeguard the health and well-being of infants in disasters and conflicts by ensuring safe nutrition and immune protection.
Researchers found that satellite altimetry missions with longer orbital repeats can provide a clearer understanding of regional and global hydrological cycles. This is because these missions sample lakes several times more frequently, revealing broader perspectives on lake variations across entire regions.
A new study by CMCC scientists investigates how financial policies can ensure a just transition to clean energy. The research finds that fair-financing policies can reduce inequality in per-capita renewable energy generation by 2-4% and make electricity cheaper by an average of 10%.
A study by researchers from the University of Tokyo found that people with adverse childhood experiences are more likely to commit physical or verbal abuse against older adults. The study, which analyzed over 13,000 responses in Japan, revealed that psychological factors were a key contributor to this behavior.
A new study found that racial justice activism programs can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety among Black and LatinX teenagers. The 8-week program, which focused on social change and advocacy, resulted in a 38% reduction in depressive symptoms after four sessions and a 45% reduction by the end of the intervention.
A team of researchers aims to improve autonomous vehicle safety by identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in software and hardware. They plan to use knowledge gained from a $926,737 NSF award to design protection mechanisms that can be applied selectively to ensure safety while maximizing efficiency.
A study of 793 girls found significant variation in height growth after their first period, with most not reaching the expected 6-8 cm. Early onset of menstruation is linked to greater growth, while late onset is associated with shorter final height. Childhood BMI also plays a role in determining menarche age and subsequent growth.
A recent study reveals that pharmaceutical industry sponsors dominate US cancer research, with a substantial increase in industry-sponsored clinical trials over the past decade. Federally funded studies have been underinvested and have missed opportunities for scientific advancements.
Researchers found altered synaptic architecture in neurons expressing mutant PrP before primary symptoms appear. Treatments targeting synapse health may help combat the diseases' symptoms.
A study at the University of Tsukuba reveals that sharing biosignals can augment the sense of social presence in online interactions. The researchers tested a real-time platform in gaming sessions, finding that combining bio-information and face video enhanced feelings of connection.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine develop a composite hydrogel capable of steady, sustained drug release using ultrasound as a trigger. The fibrin hydrogel matrix vaporizes an emulsion upon exposure to ultrasound, releasing the encapsulated drug in a zero-order release process, providing consistent levels over time.
A retrospective study found that 7% of teens who disclosed sexual abuse reported social media was used to facilitate the assault. When accounting for unrelated perpetrators, this number increased to 12%. Social media platforms like Instagram and Snapchat were commonly reported as facilitators.
Prenatal excessive prednisone exposure leads to female offspring osteoarthritis, but activating PGC-1α mitigates this effect. Activation of the mitochondrial glutamine metabolism pathway improves cartilage quality and reduces oxidative stress.
A groundbreaking study found that individuals tend to cooperate even after being defected in social situations, contradicting traditional game theory models. The research suggests that humans are more forgiving and cooperative than previously thought, inspiring a need for revised models of game theory.
A new study reveals that sloths may face existential threats from climate change, particularly in high-altitude regions. The research found that sloths' restricted ability to migrate and limited metabolic flexibility make them vulnerable to warming temperatures.
Research reveals that Black infants with congenital heart disease are 40% more likely to die in the first year than white infants, despite overall death rates decreasing for both groups. The American Academy of Pediatrics study found a significant disparity in mortality rates between Black and white infants born with heart abnormalities.
Researchers develop Mars battery utilizing Martian atmosphere as fuel, reducing weight for space missions. The battery can be recharged using solar energy, enabling continuous operation.
Researchers analyzed 109 TikTok videos on 'chroming', a trend involving inhalant abuse among teens, revealing permanent markers as the most common item used. The study highlights the risks of chroming, including addiction and death, and calls for social media companies to prevent its spread.
Research from UC Irvine reveals that disrupted circadian clocks accelerate colorectal cancer by altering the diversity and abundance of gut bacteria, compromising intestinal barrier function. This discovery offers new avenues for prevention and treatment strategies.
Researchers discover that asteroid Ryugu, a carbon-rich meteorite, shares a rare ingredient with material formed at the outer edge of the Solar System. The findings challenge previous ideas about the formation of asteroids and require a rethinking of the origin of the CI chondrites group.
As of 2019, over 1.4 million US children have lost a family member to a drug overdose, according to a USC Dornsife study. The trend shows younger children are increasingly affected, with 5-year-olds experiencing loss at the same rate as 10-year-olds 15 years ago.
A study presented at the American Academy of Pediatrics conference found that Colorado caregivers with children in the home significantly underestimated the risk of firearm-related suicide. The research also highlighted a lack of awareness about preventing suicide, particularly among caregivers living in households with firearms.
A study found that a significant increase in plate-derived water beneath Arima Hot Springs occurred before the 1995 Kobe earthquake, potentially weakening the fault and triggering the quake. This phenomenon is similar to increased chloride ions and radon in groundwater, which have been reported as precursors to earthquakes.
Researchers trained an automatic speech recognizer on recordings from people with dysarthria related to Parkinson's disease, achieving a 30% accuracy improvement. The study, led by Mark Hasegawa-Johnson, provides valuable data for improving voice recognition devices.
Researchers at IGTP have discovered a specific cellular pattern in regulatory B cells to monitor kidney transplant patients. This signature can help identify low-risk patients who may benefit from reduced immunosuppression and those at high risk who require closer monitoring.
The study found a significant rise in heat-related emergencies among children, with most cases resulting in discharge without admission. The data also highlighted disparities in patient characteristics and outcomes, particularly among Hispanic children and those living in areas with lower Child Opportunity Index scores.
According to a survey of parents of children hospitalized for suicidal ideation or attempt, caregivers are receptive to firearm safe storage counseling and free firearm locks. However, 19% of firearm-owning families reported not storing their firearms securely.
A new study analyzing state gun laws found that laws banning large-capacity magazines were associated with the greatest significant reduction of child deaths in mass shootings. The odds of a child dying from a mass shooting were decreased by 91% in states with such bans.
Recent advances in radiation therapy have improved breast cancer outcomes with reduced side effects. Researchers at MD Anderson have demonstrated the benefits of hypofractionation in reducing lymphedema risk and improving treatment tolerance.
New research reveals racial and socioeconomic disparities in emergency management of unintentional ingestions in preschool children. Black patients are more likely to receive social work consults, Children Services Bureau referrals, and urine drug screens.
Researchers discovered a mysterious subduction zone deep beneath the Pacific Ocean, reshaping our understanding of Earth's interior structure. The team found an unusually thick area in the mantle transition zone, suggesting the presence of colder material that slows down oceanic slabs as they sink through the mantle.
The new model simplifies energy expression by focusing on electrostatic interactions and structural chemical information, enabling accurate predictions of material properties. Performance prediction results show promise for dozens of materials, with potential applications in developing functional materials.
Researchers have discovered chiral topological semi-metals that possess properties making them suitable for generating currents of orbital angular momentum (OAM) flows. This breakthrough paves the way for the development of energy-efficient devices in orbitronics, a potential alternative to traditional electronics.
Researchers found lamotrigine to reduce stiffness in non-dystrophic myotonias by around the same amount as mexiletine, offering a new treatment option. The trial results have direct implications for patient care and provide more 'real-world' options for patients with this life-changing muscle disorder.
A University of Maryland-led study found that burying wood in the right environmental conditions can stop its decomposition and help curb carbon dioxide emissions. The researchers analyzed a 3,775-year-old log and surrounding soil, revealing that it had lost less than 5% carbon dioxide thanks to the low-permeability clay soil.
Researchers have developed processable natural biopolymers that can replace synthetic polymers in various applications. The production of these biopolymers is expected to increase due to growing concerns about the environmental impact of plastic usage.
Northern elephant seals nearly went extinct due to overhunting but have since recovered to around 225,000 individuals. The recent study found the species' genetic diversity was reduced during this period, which may impair their ability to cope with future environmental changes.
Climate change affects deer populations by altering their physiology, behavior, and distribution. As temperatures rise, some species adapt to milder winters, while others struggle with heat stress and parasites.
Research in north-eastern Bangladesh found Phayre's langurs and capped langurs interbreeding, with genetic confirmation of hybridization. The study highlights the urgent need for forest protection and research to develop suitable conservation strategies.
Researchers used aerial drone technology and boat-based surveys to map complex tidal flows around the world's most powerful tidal turbine, O2. The study provides new insights into optimal turbine placement and site-specific assessments to address uncertainties surrounding interactions with marine habitats and environments.
Research found that firearm injuries result in life-saving procedures, major surgeries and prolonged hospital stays compared to other traumas. The study also showed significant health care costs and disparities in injury rates among Black patients and those from lower-income quartiles.
Researchers propose a better understanding of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, identifying an early pathogenic macrophage cell/gene signature that shapes the inflammatory environment. This discovery offers a unique opportunity for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Researchers from the University of Jyväskylä have measured more detailed data on the magic N=50 neutron shell closure in the silver isotope chain. The new information improves state-of-the-art theoretical models, benefiting the global description of the atomic nucleus.
Despite increased education on violence prevention, only 1 in 10 US schools require such discussions in class. Data from the CDC shows a need for improved policies to prevent bullying, sexual harassment, and violence, with teen girls particularly impacted by increasing rates of sexual violence.
Long-term treatment with the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone is estimated to extend event-free survival by up to 3 years among people with heart failure. The FINEARTS-HF randomized clinical trial found this benefit in patients with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
A groundbreaking study reveals how TRMT10A deficiency disrupts protein synthesis, synaptic structure, and function in the brain, leading to impaired cognitive abilities. Researchers found a significant decrease in specific tRNA levels, particularly those essential for initiating protein synthesis.
A recent study published in Global Environmental Change highlights the pressing need for innovative economic strategies to address global water scarcity and pollution. The research found that 71% of the world's population has high existing water security needs, with significant disparities in readiness across regions.
Researchers found that macrophages produce lipid mediators that promote and suppress inflammation in AKI. The study suggests that MAFB regulates the production of pro-resolving LMs, shifting from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-resolving state.
A new Cu-based catalyst is developed to improve the photocatalytic production of C1 chemicals from glucose. The catalyst, featuring nitrogen doping into TiO2, stabilizes atomically dispersed Cu+, enhancing activity and productivities of 1.97mmol g−1 HCOOH and 2.82mmol g−1 H2.
A new study analyzing over five million births found a 10.6% increase in preterm births between 2011 and 2022, with racial and socioeconomic disparities persisting. Factors like diabetes, high blood pressure, and mental health conditions became more common, while protective factors such as prenatal care and WIC participation declined.
Researchers developed a mathematical model predicting enhanced survival outcomes for NSCLC patients with novel treatment combinations. The model neutralizes the negative effects of miR-155, boosting standard-of-care treatments like cisplatin and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
A new study identifies regions where gravity dominates, such as the Sloan Great Wall and Shapley Supercluster, suggesting that our Milky Way likely resides in the larger Shapley basin. The research provides an unprecedented look into the gravitational landscape of the local Universe.
A novel radiant-convective heating terminal is proposed to improve indoor thermal environments and energy efficiency in intermittent heating scenarios. The study shows that the terminal can stabilize room temperatures within a comfortable range of 18-22°C and demonstrates better performance than conventional radiators.
Researchers have successfully fermented fruit juices, including apple and passion fruit, using a SCOBY to create kombucha-like beverages with boosted antioxidant levels. The resulting drinks showed promise as an alternative to traditional kombucha, with the apple juice variant ranking high in taste testing.
Researchers test methods to reduce size of water-absorbing beads after ingestion, reducing risk of bowel obstruction and surgery. The study aims to provide a systematic review of existing literature and introduce innovative in vitro experiments.
A cross-sectional study found that menopausal hormone therapy use has decreased significantly over the past two decades among US postmenopausal women. Notably, women from racial and ethnic minority groups had lower rates of menopausal hormone therapy use compared to non-Hispanic white women.
Research from the American Academy of Pediatrics found a four-fold increase in opioid poisoning cases among children under 2 years old, with fentanyl being the leading cause. Non-Hispanic Black children were particularly affected, experiencing an 11-fold increase in overdose cases between 2019 and 2023.
Children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to receive opioids after a broken elbow diagnosis. The study found disparities in opioid prescriptions based on patient race, age, and geographic location.
A team of researchers has made groundbreaking findings that suggest our cosmic neighborhood may be far larger than previously thought. The study, which analyzed the movements of 56,000 galaxies, reveals a potential shift in the scale of our galactic basin of attraction.
Research presented at the American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference finds that 30% of adolescents face difficulties accessing menstruation products. The study highlights the need for public health programs and policy changes to ensure youth have access to necessary products, avoiding negative impacts on health and engagement.
Researchers found that new wheat cultivars achieve 16% higher yields under current climate conditions, but overall nitrogen needs will increase with global warming. The team recommends a systemic approach to food security, combining agricultural science, environmental aspects, and policy makers.
Researchers induced fast switching between electrically neutral and charged luminescent particles in an ultra-thin, two-dimensional material. The result opens up new perspectives for optical data processing and flexible detectors.
Researchers developed a framework to measure how water systems can adjust their energy use to balance power grid supply and demand. They found that water systems could shift up to 30% of their energy use during peak demand times, leading to significant cost savings.
Leading researchers from Penn Medicine will showcase clinical trial results and new data on FLASH radiation therapy. The institution is one of the world’s leading academic medical centers, with a proud history of groundbreaking discoveries and innovations.
In this study, researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology found that hydrogen sulfide-dependent transcription factor YgaV regulates iron uptake dynamics in Escherichia coli. The team observed elevated intracellular H2S levels resulting in increased antibiotic resistance and upregulated genes involved in sulfur metabolism.
Early-stage HR+ breast cancer survivors experience weight gain, particularly those with healthy BMI or overweight at diagnosis. Black women have higher rates of obesity and related comorbidities compared to White women, leading to a 40% higher breast cancer mortality rate.
Research presented at American Academy of Pediatrics 2024 National Conference & Exhibition found that low Vitamin D levels correlate with longer healing times in pediatric fracture patients. Patients with low Vitamin D levels took up to two months longer to show signs of healed fractures, compared to those with normal vitamin D levels.
A new study has shown that individual brain cells in the hippocampus respond to pronouns, enabling us to understand language. By analyzing patient responses to trick questions with pronouns, researchers found that these cells track who the pronoun refers to in a dynamic way.
Researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences are studying the molecular mechanisms of coagulation factor XII as a contributor to heart failure with reduced ejection. The goal is to develop better preventive and treatment options for this irreversible condition, which affects millions of Americans.
McMaster researchers found that the mutated huntingtin protein doesn't stimulate Poly [ADP-ribose] (PAR) production, resulting in less effective DNA repair. This discovery has implications for understanding Huntington’s Disease and potentially treating cancer.
Researchers propose a two-pronged attack on the enzyme glutaminase and protein HuR to combat breast cancer. Simultaneous inhibition of both is shown to significantly reduce breast cancer cell growth and invasion by increasing dependence on glutamine.
A new study finds that estrogens decrease the ability of immune cells to attack tumors and reduce the effectiveness of immunotherapies, including in triple-negative breast cancers. Anti-estrogen drugs have been shown to reverse these effects, restoring potency to immunotherapies and slowing tumor growth.
Researchers developed a novel stress–strain model that considers stress-path dependency to accurately predict FRP-confined UHPC behavior, addressing a critical gap in current models. The study reveals the formation of major diagonal cracks causes non-uniform lateral expansion, decreasing effective confining pressure.
Researchers developed a new model to account for directional anisotropies in land surface temperature (LST) measurements, which are affected by complex topography. The TESKD model outperforms existing methods in accuracy, particularly in mountainous regions.
A University of Barcelona study shows that marine heatwaves decrease the ability of red gorgonians to resist and recover from other disturbances, increasing their risk of extinction. This impact on marine ecosystems could have serious consequences.