A groundbreaking study finds that beneficial gut microbes produce molecules that regulate bile acid production, fine-tuning fat metabolism and cholesterol levels in the human body. Boosting these molecules may help reduce fat accumulation and high cholesterol, while dietary fiber intake also supports their production.
Research reveals that competence and integrity are key factors influencing trust in AI chatbots, with benevolence also playing a role. Personalized chatbots are perceived as more benevolent and competent, but overall trust was not significantly higher than in impersonal chatbots.
TabPFN learns causal relationships from synthetic data, making correct predictions more likely than existing algorithms. The model requires fewer resources and data, making it ideal for small companies and teams.
A novel patient-derived organoid library of tongue cancer tissue samples reveals new insights into chemoresistance mechanisms, highlighting the importance of autophagy and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. The research also identifies potential drug targets for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in tongue cancer.
A new study by civil engineers and earth systems scientists at the University of California, Davis and Stanford University suggests that storing carbon in buildings could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers calculated that using carbonated aggregates to make concrete could absorb a gigaton of CO2 annually.
Researchers developed an automated analytical method to analyze single atom catalysts, which could lead to more efficient fuel production and sustainable energy. The new tool, called MS-QuantEXAFS, automates the analysis process, reducing time from days to months.
International researchers have found that energetic particles can alter the structure of edge-localized modes in tokamaks. This interaction mechanism could lead to more efficient ELM control techniques and improved plasma stability. The study's results have significant implications for future fusion power plants.
The study reveals how the Balbiani body transforms from liquid droplets into a stable core, guiding early embryonic development. The team uncovered the role of microtubules in regulating Bucky ball protein granule movement and organization.
Researchers estimate that replacing conventional building materials with CO2-sequestering alternatives could store up to 16.6 gigatons of CO2 annually, equivalent to about 50% of 2021's anthropogenic emissions. This shift in construction materials could provide a substantial carbon reservoir and help slow global climate warming.
A new study reveals that prehistoric kangaroos in southern Australia had a general diet that allowed them to adapt to environmental changes and climate shifts, contradicting previous assumptions about their survival. The research used advanced dental analysis techniques to study microscopic wear patterns on fossilised teeth.
Researchers have debuted the first comprehensive gene expression atlas of the plant periderm at the single-cell level, providing new insights into phellem cells and their role in carbon storage. The atlas could be used to stimulate growth of the protective periderm in plants facing environmental stress due to climate change.
The Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences has developed a novel system for determining potassium levels in liquid food samples using fast and non-destructive techniques. The low-cost, ion-selective syringe electrodes offer excellent selectivity and linear range, making them suitable for point-of-care devices.
The Compendium of Rose Diseases and Pests, Third Edition, is a comprehensive guide to diagnosing diseases, identifying pests, and expanding expertise in rose health management. Edited by industry experts, the book features over 50 contributing authors and provides practical guidance for students, researchers, educators, and professionals.
A new study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that extracorporeal photopheresis significantly reduces acute rejection episodes and chronic rejection risk in lung transplant patients. The treatment involves exposure to UV light, leading to apoptosis of immune cells and minimizing side effects.
A new study highlights the need for multiple approaches in teaching intercultural communication, focusing on three cultural perspectives: positivist, interpretive, and critical. Effective teaching emphasizes genuine interaction, acknowledging cultural diversity and examining phenomena from multiple angles.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a simple method to measure deformations in thin membrane materials using photogrammetry and a single camera. This technology can accurately detect wrinkle size and wavelength, enabling more efficient spacecraft operations.
A comprehensive assessment of logging and conversion to oil palm plantations reveals that these activities have significantly different and cumulative environmental impacts. Logging mostly affects forest structure, while converting logged forests to plantations has greater impacts on biodiversity.
A study by University of the Basque Country researcher Samara Velte analyzed media content, legal texts, and protests to understand how social identities were constructed and influenced by discourses. The study found that social memory played a major role in shaping the conflict, leading to the passage of the 'Only “yes” means “yes”' law.
The EPA finalized rule aims to lower carbon dioxide emissions from power plants by 61-81% below 2005 levels by 2040. The rules also reduce co-pollutant emissions, potentially improving public health in environmental justice communities.
Physical signals from mechanical forces play a crucial role in determining the fate of cells being extruded from tissues. The study reveals that the intensity and duration of these forces determine whether dead or live cells are eliminated, with implications for tissue homeostasis and cancer progression.
A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that patients living far from abortion facilities rely more on telehealth and mail for birth-control medications, citing socioeconomic factors as a key factor. The researchers also found that 20% of U.S. abortions now occur through telehealth services.
Elkhorn coral restoration efforts should prioritize shallower depths with faster currents to promote a healthier microbial community. Fine-scale environmental differences between reef habitats are associated with higher elkhorn survivorship, while certain bacteria and elevated nutrients negatively affect survival.
A USC Stem Cell study found that the mammalian outer ear evolved from cartilaginous gills in fishes and marine invertebrates. The research used gene control elements to show a connection between gill and ear development.
The 2025 AAAS Annual Meeting in Boston will feature expert discussions on trust in science and science diplomacy. Researchers such as Holden Thorp and Ruth Morgan will examine how to demonstrate trustworthiness and put a new framework into practice.
The EQUSPACE consortium aims to create a scalable solution for silicon-based donor spin qubits, enabling long-term future for Europe's quantum industry. The project will develop materials science methods and atomic modifications to enhance the stability of qubits.
The American Academy of Neurology has launched a new open access journal called Neurology Open Access. The journal publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed articles in all areas of neurology and clinical neurosciences, aiming to improve decision-making by clinicians and promote brain health. Amy Kunchok is the editor-in-chief of the journal.
Researchers developed a novel approach using lipid nanoparticles to deliver mRNA and siRNA, restoring tumor suppressors and inhibiting tumor drivers in prostate cancer cells. This technique holds promise for treating various types of cancer by targeting specific pathways related to tumor growth and suppression.
Researchers discovered that plants in shaded conditions receive a larger proportion of green and far-red light, which contributes to photosynthesis. This finding may help growers develop new methods for supplementing natural sunlight with colored light.
A study of over 400 women found a strong link between experiencing racial microaggressions during pregnancy or postpartum and higher blood pressure. The strongest associations were seen in the later postpartum period, highlighting the need for continued high blood pressure monitoring and interventions.
Researchers at Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology have developed a functioning fungal battery that generates electricity, powered by two types of fungi. The biobattery is non-toxic and biodegradable, making it an attractive alternative to conventional batteries.
Close examination of kangaroo tooth microwear reveals a generalist diet among Australian species during the Late Pleistocene. The findings support the idea that human hunting, rather than climate adaptation, drove megafaunal extinction in Australia.
Researchers developed a computer model to predict which medication works best for each individual patient with CML. The approach has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for patients who previously relied on stem cell transplantation.
A recent study highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve COVID-19 vaccine confidence among Black women in the US. Addressing historical traumas and providing clear safety information are crucial to building trust with this demographic.
Professor Charles Schencking, a leading historian of modern Japan, has been elected as a Corresponding Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities. His expertise in digital humanities, Islamic Studies, Asian Studies, and linguistics will foster collaboration with international institutions.
A pioneering new mathematical model developed by Oxford researchers could help assess the risks posed by AI and protect people's privacy. The method provides a robust scientific framework for evaluating identification techniques, including browser fingerprinting.
The BioRescue team has made significant progress in producing northern white rhino embryos, with five new embryos produced in the second half of 2024. The team's advanced assisted reproduction technologies have shown to be safe and reliable for donor females, yielding viable embryos.
Patient care experience deteriorates after private equity acquisition of US hospitals, raising concerns about the impact on healthcare quality. The study's findings highlight the need for closer monitoring and regulation of hospital acquisitions to protect patients' rights.
A study published in BJSP found that individuals with stage 1 cancers who engaged in low to moderate levels of physical activity had lower rates of disease progression and death compared to those with no recorded physical activity. Physical activity was associated with a 16-47% lower risk of disease progression and death, respectively.
A large international study of GLP1-RA users and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) found no evidence that GLP1-RA use is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. The study, published in the Thyroid journal, analyzed data from 92,497 GLP1-RA users and 2,484,408 DPP-4i users.
Researchers compiled a reference framework of isotope compositions indicating the type of diet for extant reptiles, providing a useful dataset to reconstruct the diet of fossil reptiles. The analysis showed that calcium isotope ratios are higher in insectivorous reptiles and lower in herbivores and carnivores.
A large UK-wide study has identified specific clusters of long-term health conditions associated with lower quality of life, particularly those linked to chronic pain, depression, and cardiovascular disease. The findings highlight the need for tailored treatment approaches for patients with multiple long-term health conditions.
A report by the Consortium for Children's Environmental Health calls for new laws to test chemicals for safety and toxicity before they enter markets. The authors propose a more precautionary approach to prioritize health protection over unconstrained production of synthetic chemicals and plastics.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Human Development identified five key dimensions of transformative life decisions: conflicting cues, change of self, uncertain experiential value, irreversibility, and risk. The study proposes simple decision strategies to address these dimensions, including tallying, ideal self-realization, lear...
Researchers have identified a novel mechanism controlling circadian gene expression and behavioral rhythms through chemical bonding of monoamine neurotransmitters to histone proteins. This discovery could lead to targeted therapies for conditions involving circadian rhythm disruptions, such as insomnia and depression.
Researchers found neurotransmitters in the human brain are released during emotional language processing, providing insights into how words shape our choices and mental health. The study bridges biology and symbolism, linking neural processes to human communication and emotion.
Researchers developed an AI model, MUSK, that incorporates visual and language-based information to predict cancer outcomes and identify patients who benefit from immunotherapy. The model achieved 75% accuracy in predicting disease-specific survival, outperforming standard methods that were correct 64% of the time.
A new soft wearable robot called WeaRo has been developed to help workers avoid job-related injuries while lifting, lowering, and carrying objects. The robot effectively reduces muscle activation levels by up to 27.0% without constraining users' movements.
A new study has identified macrophage activity as a key predictor of which skin cancer patients are most likely to respond to immunotherapy. The findings aim to improve personalized medicine for cancer patients and enable clinicians to select effective treatments, reducing side effects and costs.
Researchers developed an AI-based method to analyze CEO depression from vocal acoustic features in conference calls. The study found that CEOs with higher levels of depression tend to receive larger compensation packages and are more responsive to negative feedback.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered a method to create ferroelectric materials without chemical modifications, offering promising future impacts on electronic devices. The technique, called proximity ferroelectricity, enables the creation of ferroelectric materials by stacking them with another ferroelectric material.
Researchers developed a novel inhalable therapeutic delivery system for lung cancer using mucoadhesive protein nanoparticles inspired by marine mussels. The approach leverages the adhesive properties of mussel proteins to enable selective payload release and minimize adverse effects.
A new study reveals that extreme global warming during the Late Cretaceous Period drove a split between Northern and Southern Hemisphere lamprey families. The findings suggest that tropical temperatures were too hot for larval lampreys, leading to their dispersal into temperate regions.
A new study found that exposure to high aircraft noise levels can lead to stiffer and thicker heart muscles, increasing the risk of poor heart function and major cardiac events. People exposed to night-time aircraft noise were particularly at risk, with increased risks of heart attacks, life-threatening rhythms, and strokes.
Researchers have synthesized a novel hydride superconductor A15-La4H23 and observed an unusual metallic state under strong magnetic field conditions. The maximum superconducting critical temperature of 105 K was achieved with the pressure of 118 GPa, expanding our understanding of transport behavior in hydride superconductors.
The MA3C method proposes an adaptable approach to generate auxiliary multi-agent adversaries for robust communication-based policies. It overcomes existing challenges and achieves superior performance on various cooperative multi-agent benchmarks, showcasing its high generalization ability.
A free webinar by Brain & Behavior Research Foundation presents advancements in neurobiology of fight-or-flight responding and its targeting using noninvasive brain stimulation technologies. The discussion focuses on transcranial magnetic stimulation and focused ultrasound for developing new treatments.
A recent study found that multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibits distinct characteristics in Saudi Arabia, with molecular factors contributing to increased virulence and severity. The researchers highlight the need for tailored surveillance programs and new antimicrobial agents to address this local threat.
Climate change is associated with poorer HIV prevention outcomes, including reduced testing and increased risk behaviors, leading to higher new infections and poorer treatment adherence. Researchers identified links between extreme weather events and HIV-related challenges, emphasizing the need for innovative interventions and strategies.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine found that high job strain at the start of a nine-year study led to increased sleep disturbances among middle-aged workers. The study analyzed data from over 1,700 workers and discovered significant associations between higher job strain and poorer sleep quality.
A massive study of human protein variants found that 61% of disease-causing mutations destabilize proteins, leading to cataracts, neurological disorders, and muscle-wasting diseases. The researchers created the Human Domainome 1 catalogue, which includes over half a million mutations across 522 human protein domains.