Promising new research found signs that may help researchers better understand why some babies are born early. Some signs are present as early as the first trimester.
Preterm births (when a baby is born before week 37 of pregnancy) and early-term births (when a baby is born in week 37 or 38 of pregnancy) can have lasting health impacts. Babies are still growing their brain, lungs, and other organs during the final weeks of pregnancy. When a baby is born too early, they can have breathing problems, hearing loss, vision problems, and more .
In a new study published in Nature Health , researchers from Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health looked for molecular differences between pregnancies that ended early and those that reached full term. They studied this using blood samples from pregnant African American women in Atlanta.
The research team also investigated molecular differences between early births that happened spontaneously and those that happened because of medical concerns affecting the mother or baby.
Key Findings:
What Does This Mean for Pregnant Women?
These findings provide important biological clues that may help researchers and clinicians better understand early birth and, in the future, develop improved tools to identify pregnancies at higher risk.
“Preterm and early-term births are not one single condition with one single cause,” says Donghai Liang, PhD , associate professor of environmental health at Rollins and the study’s lead author. “Our study shows that different types of early birth carry distinct molecular fingerprints during pregnancy. These findings may help us better understand the biology of early birth and, eventually, develop better tools to identify risk earlier and guide prevention strategies.”
For pregnant women today, the most important steps remain early and regular prenatal care, managing conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes, avoiding tobacco and substance exposures, and eating a balanced diet. Pregnant women should always discuss any concerns with a health care provider.
Nature Health
Maternal metabolomic signatures for risk of preterm and early term birth in African American women
16-Jun-2026