MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL (3/11/2026) — In a new study published in Nature External link that opens in the same window, University of Minnesota researchers found that the Marburg virus, one of the world’s deadliest pathogens with an average 73% fatality rate, is unusually efficient at getting inside human cells. They also showed that the virus’s entry protein contains structural features that explain this efficiency and point to a strategy for blocking infection.
The researchers designed a tightly controlled system that enables a fair comparison of the entry proteins of Marburg and its relative Ebola. Using this approach, they showed that Marburg’s entry protein can drive viral entry into human cells up to 300 times more efficiently than Ebola’s.
The team further found that although the two viruses share the same human receptor, Marburg’s entry protein binds this receptor in a distinct orientation and with higher affinity, then changes shape in ways that help the virus enter cells.
“Our study establishes a framework for fairly comparing how efficiently different viruses enter cells, which was not possible before. It also links structural features of viral entry proteins to viral infectivity, providing a roadmap for therapeutic interventions,” said Fang Li, PhD , senior author of the study and professor of pharmacology at the University of Minnesota Medical School. “Marburg virus has long been a symbol of highly lethal viruses. Our study helps explain why it is so lethal and identifies a vulnerability that can be exploited by antivirals.”
The researchers also discovered a tiny antibody, called a nanobody, that can slip past a protective cap on Marburg’s entry protein, bind to it and block its attachment to the receptor. In lab tests, this nanobody prevented Marburg virus from entering cells.
Other key contributors include assistant professor Gang Ye, PhD, (Pharmacology), graduate student Fan Bu (Pharmacology), and associate professor Bin Liu , PhD, (The Hormel Institute). This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [grant U19AI171954] through the Midwest Antiviral Drug Discovery Center .
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The University of Minnesota Medical School is at the forefront of learning and discovery, transforming medical care and educating the next generation of physicians. Our graduates and faculty produce high-impact biomedical research and advance the practice of medicine. We acknowledge that the U of M Medical School is located on traditional, ancestral and contemporary lands of the Dakota and the Ojibwe, and scores of other Indigenous people, and we affirm our commitment to tribal communities and their sovereignty as we seek to improve and strengthen our relations with tribal nations. Learn more at med.umn.edu .
Nature
Observational study
Cells
Structures of Marburgvirus glycoprotein and its complex with NPC1 receptor
11-Mar-2026
The University of Minnesota has filed a US provisional patent application (application no. 63/775,149) covering Nanosota-MB1, with F.L., G. Ye. and F.B. as inventors. The other authors declare no competing interests.