Tsukuba, Japan—In soccer, dribbling extends beyond ball control; it is a dynamic behavior shaped by the continuous interaction between the attacker and defender, particularly through adjustments in movement speed, spatial distance, and timing. Despite its tactical importance, pre-existing research on dribbling relies on controlled experimental designs using static obstacles such as cones. As a result, the movement characteristics that emerge in realistic one-on-one encounters remain poorly understood.
To address this limitation, the researchers focused on the "scissors feint," a dribbling maneuver commonly used in soccer. The study involved university-level and junior high school players with varying skill levels, all of whom performed the feint while facing a live defender. Movements were captured using high-speed cameras, allowing precise biomechanical analysis. Key variables included center-of-mass velocity (body speed), joint kinematics, interpersonal distance, and changes in the relative speed between the attacker and defender.
The analysis revealed distinct movement characteristics among highly skilled players, defined as advanced university athletes with regional representative experience. Compared with less-skilled players, skilled dribblers demonstrated the following characteristics:
(1) Active distance regulation: They deliberately reduced the distance to the defender while maintaining a high body speed.
(2) Strategic modulation of relative speed: They initially minimized the speed difference with the defender, followed by a rapid increase in speed at a decisive moment.
(3) Efficient feint execution: Their step-over movements were characterized by minimal foot lift and pronounced trunk inclination, allowing for quicker and more deceptive actions.
(4) Explosive acceleration mechanics: Rapid acceleration was generated through coordinated knee flexion followed by powerful knee extension with their supporting leg.
Collectively, these findings indicate that skilled dribbling cannot be reduced to raw speed alone; it represents a sophisticated motor skill in which players continuously adjust their relationship with defenders by integrating spacing, relative speed, and acceleration. By analyzing dribbling behavior across distinct phases—approach, feint, and penetration—this study clarifies the underlying structure and biomechanical mechanisms that differentiate skilled performance in one-on-one situations.
From a practical perspective, these insights offer valuable implications for coaching and player development. Training programs that emphasize spacing, relative-speed, and acceleration may improve the development of effective dribbling skills in competitive soccer.
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This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K19968.
Title of original paper:
Interpersonal motion characteristics of experienced and beginner university and junior high school soccer players in scissors feinting
Journal:
Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences)
Professor NAKAYAMA, Masao
Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Associate Professor TAGA, Ken
National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College
Institute of Health and Sport Sciences
Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport Sciences)
Interpersonal motion characteristics of experienced and beginner university and junior high school soccer players in scissors feinting
24-Mar-2026