Articles tagged with Algorithms
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The researchers developed a new algorithm using geometric matching and machine learning to analyze style similarity in 3D objects. They achieved an agreement rate of 90% with human evaluations, making it a valuable tool for computer graphics applications.
A new mathematical theory and algorithm, Multi-tiered iterative phasing (M-TIP), solves the reconstruction problem for fluctuation X-ray scattering data. This approach enables quick determination of general structure in minutes on a desktop computer, unlocking new advances in biophysics.
Researchers developed a 'reusable holdout' tool to identify meaningful correlations in adaptive data analysis. The algorithm, tested on two rigged datasets, correctly identified true statistical significance and eliminated false discoveries.
Researchers discovered that redeposition acts as a stabilising factor in the creation of hexagonally arranged dot patterns. The study reveals that eroded particles predominantly redeposit in valleys, not at hilltops, contributing to stable nanostructure formations.
A team led by Stanford electrical engineer Krishna Shenoy has developed a technique to make brain-controlled prostheses more precise, enabling people with spinal cord injuries to tap out commands with greater accuracy. The new approach continuously corrects brain readings to give users a more natural way to interact with devices.
Jennifer Tour Chayes of Microsoft receives the highest honor from SIAM, awarded for her groundbreaking work on phase transitions in mathematics and computing. She will deliver a prize lecture on massive networks on August 12.
Researchers developed an algorithm inspired by brain pruning, which eliminates unneeded connections in early childhood. The neuroscience-based approach created more efficient and robust networks than traditional engineering methods.
The book explores how hierarchical organization, wavelet transformation, subspace trees, and deep learning can overcome the curse of dimensionality to develop efficient big multimedia databases. It introduces essential statistical supervised machine learning algorithms for information retrieval.
A new learning method for energy optimization of plug-in hybrid electric buses uses stochastic Markov models to minimize fuel and electric consumption costs. The approach avoids the curse of dimensionality problem by approximating the cost function without discretization, reducing computational complexity.
Researchers developed a dropout-prediction model that uses data from one course offering to predict stopout in the next. The model achieved fairly accurate predictions and showed promise, particularly when incorporating additional variables like weekend study habits. Ongoing work aims to refine the model for improved accuracy.
A study using NASA satellite data found that collecting rainwater for vegetable irrigation in India can reduce water bills by up to 4,522 rupees per year. This can provide a profit of between 1,548 and 3,261 rupees per year, boosting cost savings and increasing quality of life.
Researchers at Hiroshima University found a correlation between telomere G-tail length and endothelial dysfunction, as well as stroke and dementia, in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease. The study suggests that telomere G-tail length may be a useful biomarker for predicting cardiovascular risk.
Researchers at MIT report that a widely held assumption about computational complexity is correct, making it unlikely that a more efficient algorithm exists. The current edit distance algorithm, in use for over 40 years, has been deemed the best possible solution for comparing genomes or strings of symbols.
A new algorithm developed by Microsoft researchers has improved route planning capabilities for Bing Maps, providing faster processing and more accurate information on lengthy trips. The Customizable Route Planning (CRP) engine also offers more reliable alternate routes and better estimates of time needed for turns and traffic snarls.
A new MIT algorithm significantly reduces robot teams' planning time by deferring difficult grasp decisions until easier ones are made. The algorithm produces a workable plan that may not be perfectly efficient but saves time in planning, often offsetting added execution time.
Researchers at UC Berkeley developed algorithms that enable robots to learn motor tasks through trial and error, mimicking human learning. The 'deep learning' technique allows robots to adapt to changing environments without pre-programmed details.
A new study by Douglas Mental Health University Institute researchers suggests that the shape of the hippocampus, not its size, is linked to improved memory function. The research, published in Human Brain Mapping, found that individuals with a broader hippocampus tend to perform better on memory tests than those with a smaller one.
A neural network model correctly predicted 96% of US bank bankruptcies between 2002 and 2013. The model identified construction loans and rapid growth as key risk factors for bank failure.
Behnaz Ghoraani's novel algorithm allows improved and patient-specific localization of electrical disturbance sites, enabling clinicians to better target the problem. The technology helps doctors 'see' what's going on in the atrium by analyzing patterns of electrical signals, guiding them to where they need to sense.
Computer scientists developed a new method combining computer vision algorithms and brain-computer interface to detect mines in sonar images, outperforming existing methods. The system uses classifiers to capture changes in pixel intensity and improves accuracy by detecting 99.5% of true positives and reducing false positives.
A team of US computer scientists are working on an analyzer that can hunt down algorithmic attacks, a new form of vulnerability that is nearly impossible to find with today's technology. The software will perform a mathematical simulation of the software to predict what will happen in the event of an attack.
Scientists have developed a new method to monitor Europe's nature protection areas by analyzing reflected light signals from laser pulses. The technique allows for the identification of different types of vegetation, including weeds and vehicle tracks, and provides detailed 3D maps of the landscape.
Researchers at MIT's CSAIL have developed a new algorithm, DIODE, to detect integer-overflow bugs in programs. The system works by feeding a single sample input and recording each operation performed on it, allowing it to identify potential security vulnerabilities.
A new computational tool identifies 800 ways people are at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), allowing for personalized prediction guides. The algorithm, developed by NYU Langone Medical Center researchers, can predict PTSD risk less than two weeks after a traumatic event.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed an open-source digital assistant called Sirius, which uses advanced algorithms to interpret voice commands and answer questions in spoken words. The system has the potential to revolutionize the development of wearable devices and datacenter infrastructure.
Research reveals that cities in Spain have a 15-year memory, while those in the US have a 25-year memory, influenced by historical events. The study also shows that city growth is linked to neighboring cities and their surrounding areas.
Researchers at MIT developed a system that cleverly distributes data around multicore chips' memory banks, improving execution times by 18 percent on average while increasing energy efficiency. In simulations involving a 64-core chip, the system increased computational speeds by 46 percent while reducing power consumption by 36 percent.
A team of researchers has created a high-resolution map of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, identifying 75 dense cores and finding that their masses follow a log-normal distribution. This suggests that turbulence plays a significant role in shaping the evolution of the cloud.
A new way of implementing priority queues allows for performance improvement even with the addition of new cores. The algorithm uses a skip list data structure to make moving through the hierarchy more efficient, reducing collisions and achieving better scalability.
A new algorithm, TopicMapping, has been developed to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of big data text analysis. By using a network approach, the algorithm separates unstructured text into topics with high accuracy and reproducibility. The results show that existing algorithms, such as LDA, are not reliable for complex datasets.
Researchers at MIT developed an algorithm to optimize optimization algorithms, guaranteeing the best possible solution for complex engineering problems. By using a Gaussian smoothing technique, they generate a sequence of simpler problems that progressively add complexity, ensuring convergence to a global minimum.
Researchers at MIT develop an algorithm that allows household robots to recognize four times as many objects as traditional methods, reducing misidentifications. The new approach uses a representative sampling technique, sampling hypotheses across successive images, and evaluating them more efficiently.
A new algorithm allows for the efficient decomposition of 3D objects into pyramidal parts, minimizing material waste and saving print time. This breakthrough has significant implications for 3D printing, molding, and casting, enabling the creation of complex shapes with minimal support material.
A new system developed at MIT enables pattern-recognition systems to distill what they learn into simple examples, which humans can use to make better decisions. In experiments, human subjects using the system outperformed those using a similar algorithm by over 20 percent.
Researchers warn that social media datasets may be misleading due to built-in population biases and algorithmic changes. Scientists need to correct or acknowledge these biases to ensure accurate results.
Candès will be awarded the 2015 AMS-SIAM George David Birkhoff Prize for his groundbreaking work on compressed sensing, a mathematical technique that has revolutionized signal processing and medical imaging. His research has led to dramatic advances in data collection and analysis, with applications in MRI machines and digital cameras.
Research at Princeton University and New York University reveals multiple pathways for phase transitions, contradicting previous theories. The study suggests that phase changes involve point defects and disordered clusters, leading to a more nuanced understanding of matter's behavior.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new system, Chisel, that enables programmers to prioritize energy savings over computational accuracy in certain applications. The system uses a tool to help programmers evaluate the acceptable level of error and automatically assigns instructions to unreliable hardware components.
A research team at UMass Amherst aims to understand the complex interactions between content providers, ISPs, and CDNs, with the goal of improving online video streaming quality. The researchers plan to apply interdisciplinary techniques from control theory and network algorithmics to develop new architectures for better coordination.
Researchers found that people respond to surveys by selecting answer options with similar language, even when the similarities are subtle. The study highlights the importance of considering language patterns in survey design and analysis, potentially revealing unique attitudes among respondents.
The Gauss von Mises (GVM) distribution offers improved predictive capabilities for tracking infrequently-observed space objects. This new approach allows for more accurate prediction of satellite and debris locations, enabling better resource allocation and detection of potential collisions.
Researchers equipped a robot with a novel tactile sensor, allowing it to grasp and manipulate objects in unprecedented ways. The sensor uses optics and computer-vision algorithms to infer the three-dimensional structure of surfaces, giving the robot feedback in real-time.
MIT researchers developed an algorithm to gauge space debris rotation using visual information, achieving high accuracy in most measures. The algorithm's probabilistic approach and Gaussian distribution modeling enable efficient collection of space trash, including thousands of broken satellites.
Researchers at MIT developed an analytic framework that enables the analysis of GPS data on 150 million cab rides in New York City. They found that if passengers were willing to tolerate delays of five minutes or less, almost 95% of trips could have been shared.
A novel decision support system combines computer vision algorithms with visualization of relevant areas to aid in malaria diagnosis. The method was shown to be accurate comparable to World Health Organization quality criteria, with over 90% of infected samples correctly diagnosed.
A new algorithm developed by Hua-Wei Shen helps accurately allocate credit to researchers based on their contributions. The algorithm, which has been tested on 63 Nobel prize-winning papers, found that authors deserving of the most credit corresponded to the Nobel laureate in 81% of cases.
A self-organizing swarm of 1,024 robots creates complex shapes by following simple programmed rules, showcasing collective artificial intelligence. The Kilobots overcomes individual limitations through a smart algorithm, guaranteeing task completion and demonstrating the potential for large-scale robotics.
A Disney Research team created an algorithm that automatically edits footage from multiple cameras, following established rules of cinematography and identifying the most interesting content. The resulting videos capture essential action and are often similar in spirit to those produced by professionals.
A new photo editing algorithm developed by Brown University computer scientists enables users to change weather, time of day, season and other features with simple, natural language commands. The algorithm uses machine learning to make subtle color and contrast changes across the entire photo.
Researchers at Disney Research Zurich have developed an algorithm that can optimize the mass distribution within objects to enable a stable spin around a desired axis, applicable to various shapes and materials. The approach has potential applications beyond customized designs for spinning toys.
Researchers develop AI-powered system to score Wikipedia entries based on quality, outperforming human users. The algorithm uses Bayesian statistics and multivariate Gaussian distribution modeling to analyze content and rank articles accordingly.
Researchers confirm a mathematical theory first proposed by Alan Turing in 1952 can explain the formation of fingers, revealing how signaling molecules act as the Turing system. The study uses systems biology and computational modeling to validate the theory, with be confirming results observed in limb bud tissue experiments.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect multiple-source signals in real-time and three-dimensional space, improving localizing birdsong data. The study uses approximate maximum likelihood algorithms to determine the direction of arrival of birdsong sources, yielding more accurate results than conventional methods.
A new AI algorithm analyzes the Beatles' albums, demonstrating a progressive change in their musical style from one album to the next. The algorithm was also applied to other bands, such as Queen and U2, with notable results.
Mathematician Julius Barbanel and political scientist Steven Brams developed an algorithm to divide goods like cake and land between two people, ensuring equal pieces and no envy. The cut-and-choose method uses probability density functions to determine portions, making it efficient, equitable, and jealousy-free.
Researchers at MIT have created a drone lighting system that automatically assumes the right positions for photographic lighting effects. The system uses an autonomous helicopter to produce rim lighting, adjusting in real-time to capture delicate edge effects.
The Melbourne Shuffle algorithm hides data access patterns on cloud servers to provide higher privacy guarantees than encryption alone. By shuffling the location of data, users can prevent eavesdroppers from deducing sensitive information about their computations or programs.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed LiveLight, a video summarization technique that evaluates action in videos and ignores repetitive sequences. The method produces a miniature video trailer that enables viewers to quickly grasp the essence of an event or security footage.
Researchers from MIT developed an algorithm that allows distributed agents, such as robots, to collect data and analyze it independently. The algorithm outperformed a standard algorithm that works on aggregated data in experiments involving several different data sets.
A team of researchers has developed an algorithm that can determine whether a video is running forward or backward with 80% accuracy. The algorithm analyzes subtle visual cues and identifies regions of frames to make its judgments, potentially leading to more realistic graphics in gaming and film.