Articles tagged with Algorithms
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers developed an algorithm that can transfer distinctive visual styles from acclaimed photographers to cellphone photos, improving close-up portraits. The technique uses a local transfer approach and multiscale matching to enhance image characteristics while minimizing errors.
A study including high-risk patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery found that using a cardiac-output guided intervention to improve hemodynamics did not reduce complications and risk of death after 30 days. However, an updated meta-analysis suggested a clinically important reduction in complication rates when the results we...
A new glasses-free 3D projector design uses multiperspective technology to provide a cheaper alternative to holographic video, improving resolution and contrast. The system can also enhance conventional 2D video with increased brightness and sharpness, making it an attractive transitional technology for content producers.
A new activity-recognition algorithm has been developed, enabling computers to efficiently search video for actions. The algorithm's execution time scales linearly with the size of the video file, and it can make good guesses about partially completed actions.
Researchers at MIT have developed a technique that allows them to track neural communication in the brain over time, offering a new window on brain function. The technique uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with a specialized molecular sensor to monitor dopamine levels in specific regions of the brain.
The article examines how backtesting can lead to overfitting, resulting in misleadingly good results that don't translate to real-world performance. Researchers argue that few companies and researchers conduct out-of-sample testing, leading to a lack of transparency in investment strategies.
A new algorithm developed by MIT researchers can aid robots in navigating unfamiliar buildings and understanding scenes. The algorithm identifies dominant orientations in 3D scenes, making it easier to re-identify landmarks and segment planes.
Researchers find that a wide range of lock-free algorithms offer performance guarantees comparable to wait-free algorithms, even with complex scheduler variations. This discovery simplifies multicore chip programming, as programmers often program under the assumption of benevolent schedulers.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new system that combines control programs to enable multiagent systems, such as teams of robots or networks of devices, to collaborate in unprecedented ways. The system takes into account uncertainty and automatically plans around it to guarantee optimal results.
NERSC recognized four award recipients for their exceptional impact on scientific understanding and society. Victor Ovchinnikov was awarded an Early Career Award for his work on computational modeling of conformational transitions in large biological molecules.
Researchers studied fruit fly behavior in wind tunnels, finding that they use a combination of smell and vision to locate food. When an attractive odor is present, flies begin to explore roundish objects with visual contrast, such as fruit or wine glasses, before landing on potential sources.
A new algorithm, developed by NYU researchers, resolves conflicts over divisible goods like cake or land in an envy-free way. The algorithm prioritizes self-identified preferences of parties, ensuring a fair division of resources.
Researchers found that human-designed RNA molecules performed better than computer-generated ones, with an average success rate of 99% compared to 95%. The EteRNA community's insights into RNA design are advancing the science and could lead to new treatments for diseases like HIV.
Researchers found that subjects' trust in human agents was strongly linked to their accuracy, whereas the value placed on computer algorithms depended on whether or not their predictions matched. The study's findings highlight the brain mechanisms underlying these kinds of evaluations and have implications for decision-making.
Researchers found that making movies with 'Oscar appeal' comes with both risks and rewards, including increased box office receipts but also a decrease in audience enjoyment. The study used data on nearly 3,000 Oscar-eligible films to build an algorithm predicting Oscar nominations based on film characteristics.
UCLA researchers Gabriel Rossman and Oliver Schilke analyzed 25 years of data on mainstream cinema to discover the logic behind Hollywood's decisions. They found that filmmakers who make movies with "Oscar appeal" (often mocked as "Oscar bait") face a risk-and-reward structure similar to lobbyists, with costly bids for potential awards.
Researchers at MIT developed a new algorithm that can dramatically reduce the number of operations needed to solve the max-flow problem, making it possible to tackle even huge networks. The algorithm divides each graph into clusters of well-connected nodes and focuses on bottlenecks, allowing for efficient routing.
Researchers developed an algorithm that subtly modifies facial features to make a face more memorable. The system uses machine learning to analyze subtle trends in facial features and applies these changes to produce a new image. In tests, the algorithm succeeded in making faces more or less memorable in around 75% of cases.
Researchers have demonstrated that powerful probabilistic reasoning algorithms can be implemented using chemical reactions, enabling the creation of intelligent machines at tiny scales. This breakthrough could lead to the development of 'smart drugs' that can automatically detect, diagnose, and treat diseases.
Researchers create algorithm using group pictures to determine urban tribes, achieving 48% accuracy rate. The algorithm analyzes images as the sum of their parts and attributes to pick up social cues.
MIT researchers have developed an algorithm that can perform Fourier transforms using close to the theoretical minimum number of samples. This could significantly reduce the time it takes for medical devices like MRI machines to scan patients, or allow astronomers to take more detailed images of the universe.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed an algorithm that uses group pictures to determine urban tribes, achieving 48% accuracy. The algorithm analyzes facial features, clothing, and other attributes in a 'parts and attributes' approach, with potential applications in search results, social networks, and public space surveillance.
Computer scientists at Princeton University have developed a method that allows researchers to identify quickly the connections between seemingly disparate groups in large collections of information. By using a mathematical method to calculate the likelihood of a pattern repeating throughout a subset of data, the tool can cut dramatica...
Janice Beitz, a Rutgers-Camden nursing professor, has developed an ostomy algorithm to guide nurses in proper assessment and management of ostomy patients. The algorithm provides a step-by-step pathway to selecting the best ostomy management option, enhancing patient safety.
A new image analysis and segmentation algorithm helps quantify grain sizes in Martian rock and soil images, revealing subtle trends with composition. The semi-automated algorithm provides better consistency across multiple images than human segmentation.
Researchers have developed an algorithmic approach to analyzing breast cancer screening data, enabling more precise detection of malignant tumors. The machine learning method reduces false positives and unnecessary interventions, improving patient outcomes.
A recent study by MIT economists provides justification for current rules in job-placement programs, which can accommodate married couples. The researchers found that a properly calibrated system can work well even with large job markets and specific constraints. In fact, data from the medical job market suggests that stable matching i...
A new algorithm proposed by MIT professor Berthold Horn aims to alleviate traffic flow instabilities, which can cause unexplained traffic jams. The algorithm uses sensor information from cars behind and in front of each other to stabilize traffic flow and reduce the risk of jams.
A new algorithm based on the Parsons code successfully identifies individual dolphin whistles, reducing time and errors in classification. This innovation enables researchers to study dolphin social behavior and develop a better understanding of their communication.
Yedioth Group won the Daniel H. Wagner Prize for its analysis that reduced print magazine delivery costs by using sophisticated analytics and math modeling. The team developed a pooling model of delayed distribution, enabling dramatic reductions in production and return levels while maintaining sales.
Researchers have developed a method to accurately measure heart and respiration rates remotely, without physical contact, using a simple video camera paired with complex algorithms. The approach has been tested on humans, mice, pigs, and zebrafish, with high accuracy and reliability.
A new robot-vision algorithm based on the Bingham distribution can identify object orientations more accurately than existing algorithms, with a 50% improvement in cases of poor visual information. The algorithm combines probabilities from different sources and has been successfully tested in cluttered scenes.
Researchers develop an algorithm for image stitching that minimizes seam artifacts by smoothing the transition between images, producing visually appealing results. The approach is based on minimizing an energy function and can be used for both two-dimensional and future three-dimensional image stitching applications.
A team of engineers has developed a new approach that marries computer vision and hardware optimization to sort cells up to 38 times faster than current techniques. The approach improves on imaging flow cytometry, which uses camera mounted on a microscope to capture cell features.
A team of researchers has developed a program called RealBrush that allows graphic artists to quickly produce realistic brushstrokes on their computers. The program uses machine-learning approaches and Big Data storage techniques to create, bend, and shape various types of brushstrokes.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have developed a new method, called Extensive Combinatorial Refinement (ExCoR), that combines existing formulas to create more accurate computer models of molecules. This process can help identify the best algorithms for refining structural details and improve the development of drug candidates.
Researchers developed algorithm to improve tumor segmentation in medical images, reducing errors and devastating consequences.
Researchers at MIT have developed a software system, Jigsaw, that optimizes cache management for multicore chips, improving performance by an average of 18% and reducing energy consumption by up to 72%. The system adapts to changing computational patterns, allowing it to dynamically allocate cache space and minimize energy usage.
Researchers developed a new program to simulate protein movements by exploiting similarities with robot arms, enabling faster and cheaper analysis. The project combines mechanical engineering and biosciences, aiming to understand protein movement and its potential applications in diseases.
Researchers at the University of Miami discovered a global ecology of interacting robots that trade on global markets at speeds too fast for humans. These ultrafast algorithms create extreme events, such as crashes and spikes, in financial markets.
Researchers have developed a tri-linear interpolation algorithm for accurate white matter fiber tracking, resulting in longer tracked fibers with smoother orientations. This method achieved reliable tracking results that aligned with actual brain anatomy and disease conditions.
Researchers have identified a promising avenue for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease through non-invasive brain wave analysis. The study found statistically significant differences in brain wave patterns between healthy individuals and those with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
A new software solution developed by TUM's Prof. Gritzmann and his team consolidates agricultural land more efficiently than ever before, saving farmers up to 30% on running costs. The algorithm uses sophisticated mathematical ideas to optimize field allocation and reduce travel costs.
Researchers at MIT and Max Planck Institute have mapped the wiring diagram of a tiny patch of mouse retina using a combination of human and artificial intelligence. They identified 950 neurons, including a new type of retinal cell, and classified most of them based on their connections with other neurons.
Researchers developed a new framework to analyze ad hoc networks with fluctuating link quality, providing mathematical bounds on message propagation efficiency. The framework describes algorithms that can achieve maximal efficiency using randomness and adversarial relationships.
Researchers developed a computer algorithm that can infer the rules of complex systems by analyzing intermittent samples. By looking at relative changes in population updates, they uncovered an invariant geometry that relates to the hidden reactions driving the system.
Researchers at MIT have developed a computer system, Remy, that automatically generates efficient TCP congestion-control algorithms. These algorithms significantly outperform human-designed versions in simulations, yielding transmission rates 2-3 times higher and delay reductions of up to two-thirds.
Scientists are facing a digital bottleneck in assembling genetic data, which is being produced at an unprecedented rate. Computing solutions are needed to address this issue, including clever algorithms and harnessing more computing power. The article highlights the need for innovative solutions to overcome this challenge.
Stanley Osher, a professor at UCLA, is awarded the 2013 John von Neumann Lecture for his groundbreaking work on non-oscillatory methods, level set methods, and l1 and TVD methods. His research has numerous applications in engineering, physics, and image processing.
A team from EPFL has developed a computer algorithm that can create a 3D model of a simple room based on sound picked up by four microphones. The algorithm uses the differences in signal time to calculate distances between microphones, walls, and the sound source.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a method for tracking individuals in complex nursing home settings using video cameras. The technique used multiple cues such as apparel color, person detection, trajectory and facial recognition to track 13 people with an accuracy of 88%, outperforming leading algorithms.
A new, fast and accurate algorithm developed by Polish researchers can calculate the Chandrasekhar function with accuracy up to over a dozen decimal digits. This method is crucial for understanding physical and chemical properties of materials' surfaces studied under laboratory conditions.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a software algorithm that can detect compromised agents in distributed network control systems, allowing for isolation and protection of the entire system. This provides resilience and security advantages over traditional centralized systems.
Researchers have developed a computer algorithm that can model and catalogue the entire set of lightweight, carbon-containing molecules that chemists could feasibly create in a lab. The map helps scientists identify unexplored regions of the chemical space where new compounds may hold solutions to some of the world's most vexing challe...
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a computer program to help evaluate and rank scientific articles in their field. The algorithm assigns relevancy scores to thousands of papers, allowing biocurators to focus on the most informative papers, increasing productivity by 27% and novel data content by 100%. Whil...
The new journal focuses on research advances in uncertainty quantification, covering topics like finance, disaster preparedness, and porous media flows. The inaugural volume features papers on novel methods for reducing computational complexity and estimating information content in data assimilation.
A large-scale evaluation of computational protein function prediction reveals that algorithms combining disparate prediction clues provide more accurate predictions, turning genomic data into useful information. The study provides a comprehensive picture of how well current methods perform, with potential improvements identified.
MIT researchers have developed an algorithm that solves graph Laplacians in nearly linear time, using a spanning tree to simplify the calculation. This approach has significant implications for various applications, including scheduling, image processing, and online product recommendation.
Researchers developed a pixelated vision system to enhance retinal implants, allowing patients to detect motion, large objects, and improve orientation. The system uses mathematical algorithms to pick out salient locations in images and provides directional cues for navigation tasks.
USC scientists have developed an algorithm to predict the value of DNA sequencing, which could make it more affordable for clinics. The algorithm uses a model from ecology known as capture-recapture to estimate population sizes, with potential applications in public health, astronomy, and biology.