Articles tagged with Computational Science
Researchers designed a new AI model that accurately predicts treatment outcomes for stroke prevention in people with heart disease. The model, called CURE, was trained on a massive dataset of de-identified patient information and fine-tuned to focus on specific health conditions and treatments.
A team of researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology developed a self-folding origami gripper that can be mounted onto drones, enabling them to grasp and hold objects. The gripper weighs only 5 grams but demonstrates grasping force equivalent to holding a 130-gram object.
A team of astronomers and citizen scientists has discovered a planet in the habitable zone of an unusual star system, including two stars and potentially another exoplanet. The newly discovered planet, TOI 4633 c, boasts the second-longest orbit of any planet discovered with TESS data.
A mathematical model developed by Alexandre Solon and Eric Bertin describes the movement of particles in situations similar to cars on a road or bacteria attracted to a nutrient source. The model identifies conditions that favor traffic jams, including high vehicle density and driver inertia.
Using AI software called SLEAP, scientists at Salk Institute are designing climate-saving plants with optimized root systems that can store more carbon. This approach enables researchers to analyze plant features and connect desirable traits to targetable genes, accelerating the development of carbon-capturing plants.
Researchers have achieved record speeds of up to 900 m/s by moving magnetic skyrmions using electrical currents. This breakthrough offers new prospects for developing higher-performance and less energy-intensive computing devices.
Egg cells generate internal fluid flows to transport nutrients, but how these flows arise has been a mystery. Researchers used computational models and experiments to understand the mechanics of twister-like fluid flows, revealing their origin from microtubules and molecular motors.
A new machine-learning approach outperforms human testers in generating diverse prompts that trigger a wider range of undesirable responses from chatbots. The technique provides a faster and more effective way to ensure the safety of large language models.
A new statistical-modeling workflow can quickly identify molecular structures of products formed by chemical reactions, accelerating drug discovery and synthetic chemistry. The workflow also enables the analysis of unpurified reaction mixtures, reducing time spent on purification and characterization.
Belgian scientists developed AI models to predict beer ratings and aroma compounds, improving beer quality. The study analyzed hundreds of beers and used machine learning to connect chemical concentrations with appreciation scores.
Researchers from Massey University and Michigan State University discuss the limit of the periodic table with recent advances in superheavy element research. They aim to uncover properties of atoms and nuclei beyond the current atomic number and mass.
A novel mixed light field technique was developed to achieve immersive augmented reality experiences in bright environments, preserving natural shadows and contrast. The approach utilizes ray-controlled lighting and a binary search algorithm to remove ambient lighting from PM targets.
Researchers are developing a satellite-based quantum light source for secure communication, leveraging the laws of physics to encode and transmit data. The technology has the potential to extend quantum cryptography over long distances, enabling secure communications between cities or continents.
New research combines images with computer-enabled analysis to tackle biological questions globally. Imageomics aims to improve image classification and analysis using machine learning and computer vision, enabling faster scientific discoveries.
Researchers aim to address LVAD shortcomings, reducing blood damage and clotting risk through innovative designs and coatings. A novel flexible stented blood inlet and slippery hydrophilic coatings will be used to prevent flow stasis and clot formation.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a high-performance spin wave reservoir computing model that utilizes spintronics technology. The breakthrough could lead to energy-efficient, nanoscale computing with unparalleled computational power.
Scientists create detailed models of the terrestrial water cycle using high-resolution satellite data to predict floods, droughts, and other extreme events. The Digital Twin Earth Hydrology Platform allows for interactive simulations and visualizations to enhance flood and landslide prediction and optimize water resource management.
Two new studies explore the link between attention and eye movements, showing that attention can be lost when objects change suddenly before gaze falls on them. Researchers also found distinct neuronal signatures in primate visual cortex for attention and eye movement signals.
Researchers at UCSF used clinical data and a precision medicine approach to identify early risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, predicting its onset with 72% accuracy. High cholesterol, osteoporosis, and erectile dysfunction were found to be predictive factors in both men and women.
Scientists used Delta's GPU-based architecture to study the life cycle of the Hepatitis B virus, revealing how it binds human proteins called importins. The research provides a platform for developing inhibitors that could block this interaction and prevent the virus from accessing the nucleus.
Scientists at University of Utah and University of Massachusetts Amherst uncover the physics behind dopant-polymer interactions that explain inconsistent conductivity issues in organic materials. The discovery reveals that a critical mass of electrons triggers collective screening, allowing rest of electrons to flow unimpeded.
Researchers at Virginia Tech's Fralin Biomedical Research Institute found applying low-intensity focused ultrasound to the brain can reduce pain perception, brain activity, and cardiac responses. The non-invasive technique may provide a new therapeutic option for chronic pain treatment.
Researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign used generative AI to quickly assemble over 120,000 new MOF candidates for carbon capture. The approach combines AI with high-throughput screening, molecular dynamics simulations and theory-based design to identify optimal materials.
A recent study from Argonne National Laboratory has uncovered new insights into the relationship between genetic ancestry and prostate cancer risk. The research, which included large increases in representation among men of African, Hispanic, and Asian ancestries, found 187 new genetic markers that provide more accuracy in calculating ...
Scientists at the University of Rochester discovered that even small differences in grain shape can significantly alter grain segregation in dry and wet conditions. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research to better understand and predict geohazards and alleviate segregation issues in industrial flows.
Research suggests that planetary migration is the key to explaining the mysterious gap in the size distribution of super-Earths. Simulations show that sub-Neptunes' evolution contributes to the observed radius valley, while rocky planets 'shrink' by losing their atmosphere.
A new technique enables researchers to identify and control a greater number of atomic-scale defects in diamonds, which can be used to build larger systems of qubits for improved quantum sensing. This approach uses a specific protocol of microwave pulses to locate and extend control to additional defects.
The new camera data from SPT-3G telescope promises even more detail on the universe's origins and nature. Scientists measured faint light known as cosmic microwave background, which is the afterglow of the Big Bang.
Scientists have created an algorithm to design synthetic DNA segments that indicate the state of cells in real-time. This tool will be used to screen for anti-cancer or viral infection drugs, as well as improve gene and cell-based immunotherapies.
A team of researchers from the universities of Mainz, Olomouc, and Tokyo has successfully generated a logical qubit from a single light pulse that can correct errors. This breakthrough uses a photon-based approach to overcome the limitations of current quantum computing technology.
Researchers at University of Virginia Health System developed a new approach to machine learning that identifies drugs minimizing harmful scarring after heart attacks. The tool predicts and explains drug effects for other diseases as well.
Researchers used simulations to model HIV's journey into the nucleus, finding it uses an electrostatic ratchet to squeeze through. The study provides insights into the complex interactions between the virus and cell, suggesting new targets for therapeutic drugs.
Researchers have discovered that magnetostriction causes a magnetic phase transition in manganese oxide at 118K, leading to the switch of muon sites. The study uses advanced simulations and resolves a long-standing puzzle, shedding new light on antiferromagnetic oxides.
Researchers have invented a simple yet effective algorithm called SIEVE to optimize cache management. By labeling objects as 'zero' or 'one', the system efficiently evicts the least recently used items, reducing computational complexity and bugs.
A new study by Northwestern University found that lab-trained AI models are easily misled by tissue contaminants, resulting in errors in diagnoses and vessel damage detection. The researchers suggest improving the problem of quantifying and addressing biological impurities in AI models to enhance accuracy.
By 2050, at least 34% of Alpine ice volume will be lost even if global warming stops. This is based on a new study predicting near-term ice loss due to climate inertia.
A team from Tokyo Institute of Technology has developed a method to remotely monitor nuclear reactors using antineutrinos. The approach, published in the Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, could help prevent the manufacturing of materials for nuclear weapons.
Gurdip Singh's project aims to develop a unified model to study cyber-physical systems and design distributed algorithms for fundamental problems in pervasive systems. The proposed model will be integrated into existing simulation tools to evaluate scenarios involving different types of physical entities and phenomena.
The METEOR Expedition M197 is a research project studying the Eastern Mediterranean Sea's future changes in response to climate change and human activities. The project investigates nutrient supply, marine ecosystems, and carbon export from surface to deep waters.
Scientists at the University of Washington School of Medicine developed a novel protein design approach using AI, creating proteins that bind to challenging biomarkers with exceptionally high affinity and specificity. The breakthrough has implications for drug development, disease diagnosis, and environmental monitoring.
Gladstone scientists have created an intricate map of how the immune system functions, examining the detailed molecular structures governing human T cells. This study will accelerate the development of new and better therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
The 2023 Geothermal Rising Conference highlights growing interest in superhot rock geothermal, with papers validating its viability for high power output and small spatial footprint. Researchers are developing new technologies to access these resources, including millimeter wave energy to drill deeper holes.
A new experimental model, human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS), was used to study lung disease mechanisms and understand treatment response. The team leveraged single-cell genomics to analyze cell activity in hPCLS after specific treatments.
A research team at City University of Hong Kong has developed a novel performance evaluation method called Information Exchange Surrogate Approximation (IESA) to calculate blocking probabilities in queueing systems with overflow. IESA provides ways to allocate limited resources better, enhancing resource allocation and capacity plannin...
Studies have shown that collaborative teams working remotely produce fewer truly disruptive ideas compared to their in-person counterparts. In-person teams tend to engage in more conceptual work, such as conceiving hypotheses and writing, which is more likely to lead to radical new ideas.
A recent study has uncovered a remarkable connection between individuals' musical preferences and their moral values, shedding light on the influence of music on morality. The research found that specific lyrics and audio features from favorite songs can predict moral values such as Care and Fairness and Loyalty.
Dr. Ning Zhang's AntiFake tool uses adversarial techniques to make it difficult for AI tools to read voice recordings, preventing synthesis of deceptive speech. The tool has achieved over 95% protection rate against state-of-the-art speech synthesizers and is accessible to diverse populations.
A new wearable ultrasound patch can accurately image organs within the body without traditional ultrasound equipment, enabling earlier detection of cancers deep within the body. The patch is designed to measure bladder volume, providing valuable insights into kidney health and wellness.
Scientists have developed an AI system that accurately maps the surface area and outline of giant icebergs in one-hundredth of a second. This technology surpasses manual interpretation methods, which can take several minutes to delineate an iceberg's outline, and offers insights into their impact on the polar environment.
Researchers successfully trapped electrons in a three-dimensional material, creating an electronic flat band that can lead to exotic behavior such as superconductivity. The kagome-inspired geometry of the crystal allows for stable trapping of electrons in all three dimensions.
Researchers link tobacco smoking to 'stop-gain mutations' that disable tumor-suppressing proteins, allowing abnormal cells to grow unchecked. Smoking's impact on DNA is linked to increased stop-gain mutations, complicating cancer diagnosis and treatment.
A team of researchers has developed a novel methodology to engineer colloidal quasicrystals using DNA-modified building blocks, revealing new avenues for nanoscale design. The study demonstrates the programmable nature of DNA to design and assemble quasicrystals deliberately.
Researchers are combining biology, physics, computer science, and engineering to design electric circuits that mimic the brain's adaptive behavior. The goal is to create a more efficient AI application that can learn from history and adapt without significant energy consumption.
Researchers train AI to analyze data from over 100 cellular drug targets and their genetic variations. The algorithm predicts with more than 80% accuracy how cell surface receptors respond to drug-like molecules.
A new study suggests that Venus once had plate tectonics similar to those on early Earth, which could have supported microbial life. The researchers used atmospheric data and computer modeling to show that the planet's current atmosphere and surface pressure would only be possible with an early form of plate tectonics.
The University of Texas at San Antonio has been selected to establish a Secure Manufacturing Tech Hub with a $500,000 grant from the US Economic Development Administration. The consortium aims to grow a skilled workforce, enhance business competitiveness, and promote secure manufacturing strategies across South Texas.
Researchers from BSC and CSIC have developed an artificial protein capable of degrading PET micro- and nanoplastics with efficiency between 5 and 10 times higher than current PETases. The protein can be used as filters to purify or recycle plastics, offering a potential solution to environmental pollution.
A new study using satellite imagery found that fires in boreal forests shift from coniferous to deciduous trees, but these changes are reversible over time. The study's findings suggest that continued climate warming and increased wildfire activity could lead to pronounced changes in forest composition.
The Arctic Permafrost Atlas reveals alarming changes in landscapes, ecosystems, and human lives due to climate change. Over five million people are at risk of losing frozen ground beneath their feet by 2050, with significant economic implications for oil and gas production.
Researchers have created a three-dimensional computer simulation of the light emitted following a neutron star merger, producing results similar to an observed kilonova. The simulation takes into account various processes and material interactions, enabling predictions for any viewing direction.